
   Ǵ һءɱ 

ͮĺϣ˷ŭ
ĩǳ䣬һǺӣ˲ıԺµظŴ󳵴ʻȥ
ѩͣˣĺɫȴΪش˸ĺ䣬ϵȻûǣˡ
ԣԵøĺڰѩ㿴ȥɵĻҺɫ


ҲԶĶ࣬˴ٹ˵ĺش⣬˭ðôĺڽߣм󳵣ϵҲǷŵϵģֻʣ¸ϳĳʽͷ૵رԹĺ䡣
ͨϵϴϣʱͻȻһƥȫɫĽǸ΢΢Щڵ꺺ӣͷϴ˶ⳣ˵ȴǺƤñ䶼סˡ
ˣ޷ֹ¿ݣֻôϵֱֱͦأ·ִ̹Ǻ䣬⡣


мҲ̫ḷ̌˿ȴǸиСĺӣͻȻ˳ķһ˸Թ˵䣡ͷ桰ޣһ˿ŨŨ̵
һ̧ͷȴϵֺӣüë΢΢һ壬Ե֣ػͷһ
ϵĺӻ·ûпˣһŵƤñøЩ
ƵӺص͸˳ϵżζһǼѹסȥ
Ѿѩϣһַǳö֮ǽʱر
Ҳƥһˣ˿һ׳ĸо
ڣö֮һԶȥ
ƹšŵźӧǹվڳڱܷӰҲһһȥʿӢˣͷСӿ
˳ǣߵ΢ЩԲһ·ӦеٶȣŵĴ·һΣͣһ˵΢΢Žš
ϵʿƺϵɫúܡ
˵ʱ·رϣҲ¶Щ޵ĺƣػ
ֹƬ̣ȵòͷǰߣĹһۣڵأ˼룬ס֣Ҫǰߵͷ
ҹˣֻзſ֦ʱط֡ˢˢµĺҹΩһü
ϵʿԽͣڵϣöǱѩĵ˰ΣͻȻ¶ϲɫԾѩմһǣҲںĨȥˣҲ䡣
ͳһǰɫģϵ·ƣȴϣֻһ˫۾Ƥñֽ֮Ŀ϶ȫԶ

ûжã·ϹȻһϽ̿жϵóһż·ٶȸ·Ҹ·˻ֹһ
ԽԽĺݵַ΢΢һǡú·ϡ


·Ǳߣɿسƥô죬ͷϻðϵһɫ಼̰һ멣ǵʱ·Ĵ磬ԭһҲ˵ע⣬ֻϵ˾һľ֮ɫֻ۾ҲǾ˼ˣһֲĸоˡ
ƥɱŵʿԶԶҲһƥ·ϣһ΢룬·󣬼״üǰǻкζء
һ˵ǽһЩɡΪ˰ϧ˶̫ȥһΡ
ƥͣʱ򣬾ѾûжԶˡ


곤ĺӼʿͱ䣬ͷҲȻģ꣬ڵϷĴҲ֪ж٣ʱȻЩ죬Ǵݵ˵ϸ⣬øߡ˵ÿúܡ
ʿ۾˲Ҳ˲صһ˲䣬ˡ
Ȼ󣬷ǳͻȻأЦЦô߿ÿ֦ϵĻѩ
ʿЦôͻȻضסˣһֺЦȻ˵λġǹ޵С˫ܰɣ˵̬Ƶζ
ǽΪ곤һ˰Σ𻰣һ˵Ѻ۹⣬¾ǻνԪǼֹǹЦֵҹڴĪǶֵʲôָ𣿡
ʿЦ˵ˬһȻǿ˿Цһס漴һ飬Ȼ͸ϼı仯ǴĿԿԷ˵ĺ⡣
ŵȻˣǰҲ˵ˣҲûʲô⣬ֻλһˡ


ҪֵҪ򵥵úܡνԪЦֻҲҪֵ֪ܵĶȴҪõء˵üΪ֪ʿԼǵ޺⣬һżͼı
ֲ̬ȣûʿıŭ
ЦҪĲǱġֽϵᣬ˵ǹֵͷϵԴλе⡣
νԪŭЦЦ߿ƣԼڹл򣬶ѿǵˡ
˵۾˲Ҳ˲ضϣ˵ΪʲôôЦ
νԪЦסֵܳʮ꣬û˸Ҹǰ˵ĻѣƾЩʲô͸ҸǰҲǻòͷ˰ɣ
ǹǺʱҲ΢΢ЩŭˣȵѣǷϻ˵ֵ¼°ɡ
Цãã˫ܹȻǺúֵܽȫǣӴоûֵ
νԪغһЦŲͷ¶βҲܳǡĻеҲδ̫Щɣ´˵ʲôԺԺأ
˵۾ٿȻ׹⣬һδ˫΢㻺ߵ·ߵĻĵϡ
ȻתȻλɣ徲λ֮أٺҲûˡ
Ǹġǹ˫һĲֵΪǼֱûһ˿ʤԼϣ
˫ܾ߽ʱŭǣֳ˵ţҲ΢΢ģ֪˾֮ѷչֵزԼ˵˲㣿
Ƕһۣﶼ˾˫˫һҲߵƬĵ֮ϡ
ҰãǱ˴˶ܿԷɫˣƥЩͣȣŵ͵͵˻
ˢطݣʹ˫Ҳһ֣
Ϊ޷ʱõһֻϵ֮䣬վڵˡ


ǹͻȻѶ˵ĺ֣߱ϱ֣ĵ滹ټҲгĺúαڣѼȻ֪ˣҲ֪·򵣲Σģ߸֣ɽģˮպб֮
ѺԵ¶ӵ֮⣬⵹˵Ǹųϵˣ˭Ը׵ע˼ұԣеĹأ˫ڽ֮ǰҲ
ȴȫһףȲˣվѩϣ˭Ҳ޷Ƶġ


ֽ̬ʹñͽϱĻνԪҲ̲סˣȵ磬󱲷ϻʲô˫배ҲƮһӣ˿ȥԶԶͣˣԼܹѵԡ
ǹﰵ̾Ϣһ֪ԼȫڴһԼʤˣԷ֪ԼȻˣôԼֵܵȫⱣˡ
ȫȻƽģҲ֪ѡأ˫ܵݣƲһ֮οҲδӵõأ
Ҳֻվڵϣʱĵλһ֮ƣȫ䱸ţ˭Ҳһ˿
߽һ˿̾ȷѣֵĬʱ˵أҲ˲ʲô壬׼ֻҪԷһԼֶ
һת˵ֵܻһϰɣʡһضַ¡
νԪҲЦ˵Ȼֵܺ󱲶ֹ֣أΪ㲻䡣
˿ЦããҲ䣡ЦδסٿȻȻϮνԪ
νԪȻ֪ͻȻһתۣı˷
ٶȹȻǾ˵ĺܣʱ򣬸˹ǳ̾Ϳжϵóˡ
ǹﲻΪֽߣǲˮ˿ȥһѽһ˸Ĺǹϡ
ͬһɲǣνԪҲԳУһ˵ĺ󱳡
˫һһתԪĻνպõݿգһأָ罣һʽ磬˵ؾˡ
ǹһйǹǹʹǹʩչǹɷ֣µġЦѨ
˰Եͷ⡰ǹ޵С˫书ȷ֪ǹԶȴṇ̀Ͼܶǹ֮вʶĵ
Ҳ̫УХһ磬ֻΪȭȭΪץ֡ġ޺ȭ䵱ġʮʽ֡˰СԼҡġơһˡ
⼸·ʽǽϰģܽ⼸·ʽڶΪһģȴ޽Уû


˲ܽ⼸·ʽڶΪһϵļۣ˫ܳӶ꣬еűõģֶֺõʽ˵һ˫֮£ǵûռֱˣӦóúܡ
ƷÿһУ֣֮ڰ֮Ѩ֮׼ʱ֮ȣٵо֮ᣬһţﰵ⣺Уô֣
֪ڽнĹ㣬еĸ֣Ҳиʶֵܵġֵھ֡ʮ꣬δʧ硣
˵·Ｋ˼Ҳ벻͸
˵ĿǺӱһ˵ȴԭּ֮
˫ܳӣеĸֵ֣ܿ˵ָƣȴҲ޷õ˾˭


Ȼ⣬¿ɲа˿˵书ҲУ书֮ߣ˵书ֱþʢ˫ȴ޷˼ҵЩ֣

ҹѩѩ׷ɣƥ÷ȴδԶ


ѩƮ˶֮һԶԶƮ˿ȥνԪбгߣȫǽǱ˵ģһ̣һաνԪзŭֱˣֱЩƴˡ
ȻռϷ磬һʱ֮䣬ȴҲ޷˵öԷЩͣٿȻһХƮȻ
˫ܷһڿоΣ΢һתۼ䣬ͷ½£˫ƴ˵ķνͷ
һʹ˫ܲ󾪣ѿڶ㣡νԪб¶ϣٶбת
֪ͻȻڿһȻȴɨʵʵڹǹﱳϡ
һе仯Ƿ˼һŵֹǧҺһؿһѪδȻˡ
ҲƮѼνԪ˫Ŀ죬ֵܺʲôԹ㾹µ֣
ͬ転ȥ
΢΢Ц˫ȥһʤգԪȻҪ͹һУݵػ⿪ˡ
νԪƴʽǺķʮ棬Ѿˡ
УͻȻ˫ţǰŴţνԪû뵽˼ΪʲôͻȻô
ҲǵԣԪֱνֱ˵ظ
˳Ц䣬һٿȻڼҵǷ켫Ĺ򣬻νԪбУպùϲλ


þУգ֪Ҫ㣬󳷣˴ʱҲĻᣬ˫ͬ磬һԪļͷϣǺεȹԪ˫飬һһ֮£ѩؼߣﻹлϣ

ȻѩزȻ
ǹ޵Сֵܵʬ壬ѩϣֵܵƥƺ⣬ƺǲͺ䣬һ˻ˡ
δɸˣߵʬԣȥʬ˰죬ãߵԪʬһᣬ¶ϲɫԪȡһ
ȻΪ˷ϵѩһҰȻˣ⵽ԣ޶ȥ
ĵϽŲӡң˫ܵʬҵĽӡϡ

˫ˣõ챦Ҳʧ٣Ϣ˲֣ɱ˫ܵ˭˭Ҳ֪
Ǵж㷲Ϊ֪˼һ֮ɱӲ˫ܣô˵Ĺǲ˼
ӵÿһھֶʼˣΪʱھּ侺ǳң˭ҲϽԼȥͱھֽϡ
صԺλᡣ
ĸ£ӵʮھֵʮλͷص˻ʮ
ʮֺ֣е·ϣ˻Уеĸڼճլ⣬ַС
Զǵ˶ûа֣ҲУȴûκһӳġ
ǲִΪ֣ԭ֣ҲΪ޲˷׷ײ²˵·ϵˣûһص˵ʵĿ


ͷһھȺףͬʱҲû˿ϳ£ھȻţʣµĸھеĺӱԶھ֡ϡھ֡λͷԵꡢ˾ͽѸߣ书Ҳ£ŵøϽϴ֣Ҳ⵶ͷѪĹˡ

ټӵطֻʣ˺ϵġ۷ھ֡ͺӱġھ֡ˡ
ԭӵطھ֣⡰۷ھ֡͡ھ֡


۷ھֵͷһŷƽ֮ѾʮˣԽԽнеķڴʮ꣬ˣ˿ȻণͷԾǿҪн
ھֵͷȴǴΰ̴ʱŶʮ꣬һ˫ƱȺۡ
书ߣȴҲӲ˼ѿʱ㵽Ϊֹ۶Է书ߵͣԶսƽ֡
۾ѩҲֲΪ壬ʮΰ̴֮ѣ޳ߡ
˭Ҳ֪书ΣһִӲ˵ĸԣ˵̴ʱҲᰵĴָ
˴ھʮұ٣ΰƸ˼٣ǾʮͷŹ£ȫ
֪ЩֺúһǧĵĿӣƽյǮƣּɢʲô
ǵŹ£Ȼͻ⣬е仹Сǿΰƴһ٣ɳƵǹΰͶˡ
ΰȴ޽֮ɫʱҲڣصˣҲκۣǰἰˣҲֻ΢΢ЦȴҲһԡ
ǴҶ书˸ϣΪֳȥˣǳĬĺô㲻˵ʱ˵յЧ

϶ѹ٣ָֻǰ¥ӵĲͻȻˡ
һ߽ݣȲʮоŸվкţԼ𾴡
һͽϳʮˣȴԼΪʣ죬̤˽һҲδ̬
һֻʮ꣬˫Ŀӥڣ̬ΪͣȲǹкĶҲǴˡ
ʶҲУ֣˭ɣҲڰ塣
ѡ͵ĺ˵Ȼ˽ܵ飬ͷ㿪
˵ʱӣһڵشǭǺ΢΢һЦŷǰΪЪϢһ£Ȼ𴦹䡣
߹һЦ̴ϵܿƺɰͷɷˡȻô˵жĹ˵úܡ
Ǻ΢΢һЦ˵ǰԶúܣȥݷġ
һֹ֣ĻɶӹϵҲ˳㵽ˣӵģС⼸Ȼ췭ظҲֵͷӰͰ͵شӺ
ȴţеϤµģѲ³ͷžǺ۷ھֵġһŷƽ֮
ǺϺܣ˵ȴֿأЩ֣Ҳɣ
ȴһŷƽ֮ϣڵѧ׳ϵģ˵ȻǴǭһĿˡ
һ꺺ӣԿ֪˷ġΰơ̴ˡ
ԭһŷƽ֮Ϊص˸ΰӦķֻԸǿﲻϳϣӲ˵ǹġ
Ѿã̸໶ΰƱ㾡֮꣬ϵ׳һŷƽ֮𱱾ˡ

һŷƽ֮ĸߣ죬δ
ǵڶϣصȴѹٵھˡ
ŷƽ֮͵ˣˣҲ˯ЩּʮϽȻǳ˿Ա⣬˯ȻˣݶҹҵĽŲ
ΪѸٵشѣʮѵʹһγ޷˼ļʱһУȻƿ
Щ֣˭ôĵܵھ£ϰʹȻ£ֲܵġ
һèӳ˴Ĺ֮£ȻݶһӰ
˽Ľ֮ڽʢȻжġ
ȻһȻ˷ȴҹ΢΢һЦݺȥ
Ҳɵ׷ȥһ氵Ц̴СӵЩȻ˯ô˹֪
ԺָֻžãһʮкܳԺӣվǽ򣬺ȻӰһΣŵһ£򶼲ڿˡ
ǱȱĺӴһ죬ǽһӰԼٶС
⺢ȻͷȴҲѧЩ书ֻδʦѣ˿ӰȻֻһûѿӰ̴ţ̴ôŻ
ӰȴּһܶݶٶȸǾˣ˸޷˭
⺢ӶԼŵжϣ־ò̫ȷˣ⣺Ų̴壬ջϾͳȥģ
ҹλأͷԿǻأҲȥ˼ˣ߻ط

ڶ챱ɷˡ
ԭԺϸͷһŷƽ֮ڻĽв˶ԷһƣعǶȫˡ
λͷϾһȣǰΪֳȥһԭĶҲȭţԴϡãĶ֣ȴö֮͡
ǴװģԼȻѱãԿóǿϵƶ϶ɱ֡
Ŀȴȫ޷ˡ
ݡ·Ա˲ϵز²ţ˾˭ȴƺԶû֪ˡ
һһΰƾΪԾ̣ϵǴԼΪһ˼¡ص񣬱μģмǧˣټԶֺܣǾˡ
һһ߳彭౸٣ȻûжֵĿΰƾºܣΪТТˡ
һǰ죬ΰַȣҲýһµĳޡ
ΰеĵλҲ͸ˣھ֡ڣϵֻҪ족һҲ˸ۣľףˡ족Ҳʱˡ
УʮĸɥǺھֽʲôޣΪھ֮⣬κȴһҲδĶ֡
ЩʵͷĺˣŮͬвΰȴȫߣϤĽ书˽˵ΰΪȣǸ˲õĺú



   Ǵ ڶءҴ 

ʱմҴңˡ

ǶԼǰ£ѽ꽭Ŀֻ̻̲ͣʱʬѺѾἰ
ԺյһҲѲٴˡ
ֻΰƣеĵλȴʱձǨߣھ֡һָԶϣ⣬зֺţھûκһھʢġ
ΰ̴ҲٳȥˣΪѸҪԳ£Ͱеڼɸ
걻ɱЩڿ͵ĺˣȫСҲʮˣΰʱҲ̽ǵ书
ΰԼĶŮʱҲʮˣΰˣԽϵĹƺѲ̫ȤЩʲôⲻľףǲԶǧ
еڶҲ˲ٸ֣书ȴûһȵΰ̴ġЩڿ͵ĺˣ֪Ƿ̫ΰʮɹһɶδѧȥ

Ǵ죬һĵˡ
ɫھ䳡УȭˣǸʮ꣬üĿ㣬ֻ۾ʣ䲻ߣչüΪȳƣһȥɳƵǡӡ
ȭȣõǡôȭҲһ˿ңϧȭмΪձġȭѡ
⡰ȭʽ壬ֻǿȴܷģ̸ϹˣȻȴȫעһ˿ȥһȭ꣬΢΢ˣԼڹҲ޸
˼ΣΧǽţӣɫȴԵʮ


ǵꡰǹ˫йǹĶ壬⼸̿书ôãǺ޽չھѰһֶ򲻹ܻģԼΪʲôôÿΰԽ书ʱȥѧѧѧȥȴǼ׹̴˵̫һҲ޷á
ʼЩΰƲϽ湦򣬵ΰƶǲҲҶλԼĴʲôɡ


ֵǱʦʱΰҲ׼ȥ˵ǵ˼Լǿ˼ҲԸ£;书ջּԭĴöĥˡ


ÿ컹δʱȻȭһģһоŸˣڿ͵ĺˣΰȴǷֿˣеı͵ϣеı͵ϣ˵ǳȥֻһСŮڱھ
ǸСŮӽԬ䣬ǶϻԬһĺˣСȴúܣֻ۾һתһתأǿó¡
ϲЯֵھȥɢ鲻õʱҲ죬ʵǶС̫Щ
ǹȥˣ׸ĸ˫ּ£ĸʱı·
һ֪֮ȥıοΰҲʱοúôڼ
һеܣܹϵΰƵĶŮ̴ĵףʱѹԼҪȥȴô֣Խѹŵ£ȴױġ
ǽתһȦѴˣͣס˽ţŶֵ߳ĳϼãﲻ֪Щʲô

أһʯӷͷһعͷȥȴһ϶маŮŷűļڳЦ
ʯӷɳȻأǻԴʹ
ʶͷŮЦֲҵ˵㱿㣬ôõĹں氵㣬㶼֪ҺʯͷҪԴŹ֡
Ůΰ̴飬Ц绨飬Ц¶ľУаٺϳŵĸо
һЦƽռֻҲˣҲϰߣھ˸˵ԼҲʼԼǱģƽվ˵Ϊ֪˵˻͸ˡ
̴˹ֻ۾һգһգأ˵ȭûУ
ͷ
̴һţѽˣ˼Ҹ˵ưƵġ
Ȼ̴Сϸߣ֪ǲ˵ֻԬò˵ǲǣãһţתȥһ˵Ժ㲻ҪҺˡ
ɫֵúܣǼڿԼУ̴عͷһáĻȴҲ˵ֻġ
̴һЦͣס˽ŲؽЦ˵ᣬ˭ҵģعͷֻ۾ﶼЦ⡣


尵̾˿а⣺ҸǺãͻᣬŮ֮飬ֻģģи֪ò̴ʱʱʱ̿뿴߿Ϊ·Լ䲻
еЩìܣ̴ɲ֪ѹߣû뷨ֻúһ𣬾͸˵úܣƢЩģҲ֪ʲôԭ
Ԭһʱ˵Цģ´μʱ͹ⶺˣֺڡ
徲վţҲյϺġ
̴ǰȥȻԻͳһµţյǶ⣬ԭһֻëɵӡ
۹һһ䣬пࣺˡ
̴Ц˵˭Ҫӣ
岻Ҵǻ̴һལܹվǰӣһףϡ
ڣŮ㣬΢΢һߣߣ
̴һЦ򣬵ŹԡøľУסˡ
̴һףӼһ̧Ӿƽƽϡ
ֵسһЦһ̧ӷȥ
һһ䣬ʮͻȻ΢΢һҽŴź洩ȥӣһιôѽȶСһֻĺ
ţʮʮһת
̴ԽԽˣ۽һ˲Լһ̲סЦ
֪һ֣ԶԶˣһŤǷŵӣ˹ȥݵġ
ﰵܣжãϧѵô
̴㷢ƮƮ΢֮貨ӣͻɵһת˫߳ߵø߸ߵأһ
⼸ȫһǳɣû˿ǿҲû˿ͣסΡ
΢΢ЩǸġ
ٸˣֵߵ࣬ӵݸ˵Ҫ߲ٸҽ㡣

ͻȻһ˿ֵЦݣߵأ
̴͡һЦԺзһֱ׾ӣʮûߵ
Ц˵ࡣ㻹ٸѽֲ׺أֵãߵٸС
Уʵ
̴һ죬㻵ˣȴֵطһݣ޷ĸо
˲Ҳ˽ΪʲôԼñ̴ͷӹӣҲڵϿʼ
̴˸߲ҵţһԽԽСûˡ
ԭȻû飬Ƹȴ۾Ƶģֱֱ£ĵطܡ
ֻҪһ̧ţӱϣַȥ
֮䣬һٶˡ
̴֣żֵôͻȻߵôãżǣۿߵٸԼҪˡ

֪Ծǿϴʱ̴ЦһͿﲻ͵͵ȥ˸ӣÿ˯ܵԺȥӣһҪߵñá
ɣһҲûʲôɿԣοֻǴСƣԼԱ֮жѡ
ûãܵӦˣҲ˵ֻ⣺ȵʱҪúһ
ȻˣԱµã滵͵͵ȥѧǲǣҲңϵ
ҲȴЦﻹһţһһġ
̴ͻȻ˹ȥһӣ㻵㻵
Цˣδ˺ùʤ֮ǿȴѹƣƽȻѻˡ
̴һӼеЦãˣҪһ
˿ʢ֮ʣյ̴ϵĺëһΰĽơ
ȴϣ٣Ѱգ̲סͷȥһ¡
촽Ӵ̴ϵһɲǣ˶紥磬ȫľˣʱȻѣҲȫˣ˵ΪһǶİˡ

أصؿһ
˴󾪣̷˿һ֮£ŵû겻壬ԭվţ纮ΰơ
̴Ȼƽʱŵ󣬴ʱȴͷ¹ײŵ׺һ󣬰һ󣬵ŵͷҲ̧
ʧ룬׺ެһŤ˫ֲֻ֣֪ηŷźá
ΰĿϣͻȻһתͷطȥ̤ˡ
̴ίίظ̲סͷȥһۣʱһŮģѲԾطˡ
̴Ļͷһˣӯŵˮʹ̣絶
⣺Ҳãת룺̴һΪ̫Ů˭ԼôɲģҪܴЩǲ̫𣿡

ãͷŵϣȴһֻϣڱ׾ذһʬ壬ǵš
ϣȻһδй뷨
ȻЩҲԼǰ;ѽڱ˵ļзһʲô˺ȥԵסȥ˫ףԵסãԵסԼأ
սȭͷͻȻ⣺ҪȥȥһҳɹˣҾͿԹʵػصʱ̴ҲΪûгϢҲͿúһˡ
һˣȻûõسһҲ޷ڴ˵شȥⴳĿףҪܵʲôʹ࣬ȴʢʱõˡ
С֪ˣһѹˡԬ䣬˲תԺʵػҪʮ
ԸΪǿо£ҲӲġ
ٿһУԺκʧܣκδۣûзϡ
Ϊһָǿҵϣ˿Ըļƻܵκ谭΢΢̧ͷΧǽ
֪ǽͲڷھˡ
ܵǽߣŬһǽͷԾȥ
Ṧ޸ԾߵΧǽһˤڵϣƨʹ
ٵվϵĳһ£Ծ
һ£˫ǽͷץŲţȫһŬΧǽ
ΧǽһСӣʱи˷ŵӴ˹̧ͷһۣҲδʮ⡣
һҧǽͷȻ룬ȴҲܣ˫һȥ



   Ǵ ءɣ 

ƾһʱ˿ûпǵӷھԽǽ
ǽͷϣһȫʹ㻹ûеڵϡ
һ̫ӣȴӵúܳһ£֪ǷھֵĴţͳҶȥ
˿˷ܵģδã֪ȴ˻룬Ϊʱʵ⻹δŹ
߳һϿʯ·չĿģŲҷ˹ȥ
ʱʱ磬·ϵҲ࣬һعٽ߹ǰа˸䣬šྲرܡӣ糯ľ٣ԶԶͱ·ԣùٽ߹ȥ
ٽεĴʲôˣز룺˴˿ʲôأ
Լ˸ۣܲǡ롮ɣ
ȻһЦԼԶڹٽ˿ֵö࣬Ϊ٣Լȫɵģûκξ
ǳ˳򣬷ɵңԶĵطȥˡ
һˮɫĶµһ˫׿ѥʱװ·úܡ
ת·һСг˿Уӵ棬ҵ

ʩȻŲߣɵúܣ˲ãȴˡ
ǵһйʵгĶܶ࣬ġǺ«ɽ髡⡱ƽհԵģ˿̼ˣǲΣ޲ҪЩԡ
ڴһӶûУֻ۰ͰͿţʱһ˽⵽ǮĹãҲ˽⵽Ŀɹ
⿪ʼֵʵⶼˡ
Ҫ⣬ȱٵģǡǮΪǮԴһС
ôأˣȣյ緹޷Ǹ̸ˣҲ̿
ʳ̯Ų⣬ҡͷܾˣʵγЩʳֻвˡ
Ÿмĳ̶ȣĵĻ̿Ҳӣ粻ԣҲҪѽǽҲԲԣأ̾˿˻һЩõı֮⣬ıķһϲͨ
ʼЩڣ¶ģҲˡȥҲٸıԼ⡱ɵеġ
˳߶ţе˼ȴ˳Ҫ
ͻء

һ£ãȻعһĺЦֵʱȻˡ
ߵÿ죬Ҳߵÿ죬ߵҲߣǱڵʶѵģȴѲԼ
ĺ߳гתתһխӣԵķӽúܵͣȴ¥ټ̫խ浱ŵĶﴰֹȥõˡ
ߵӵ󼸼ңǺ߽һСţħҲ˽ȥֳСмι״Ů¥£Цţȫûһ˿Ů˵ζ


ЩŮһǺӴһӵǰΧԣְ˽ŵе˵ɫ治еһһЦǿɫƤۣ񴵵ƵģŮġ
ԺЩԺһƬĸо̫ȷ
Ǻ˵úܣƿЩԽԽŤġŮˡ˵¥ȥ硣ֿһЦݶɫˡ
Ǻ¥Ҳ¥߽һ䷿һŴ֮⣬ʲôҲûˡ
ȻӴ׵һľȡ˼Ů˴·ϱ˱ȣѡ˼ģڴϣջ
廻·أڴϣ˳ȥϷţѾ
˿ȫһʧȥʬ壬ʲôҲܷԺҲԺģֻԼԼؾʵ̫ˡ

ⱻڴʱƣҲδҲ֪˶á
󣬷űˣ߽һӣ忴˿ͷȥ˽˼仰أֽŹϡ
ǵߵǰѬѬȥ·ԭ˵ǸӡӣԽ¾ġĻַҲ̫Щ
ǶЩȴһҲȻǲ壬΢΢ôЩԣ֫޷


Ǹҡϸ˿壬ǵܳ⣬˱ˮ۵أһͷһԭһ֪屻ԣȴӱ˵Ĳ񫣬ˮŪѲ棬֪ȴ塣
屻ˮһ磬ˣˮǡĻΩһҩ
ȥ·˿ҲָˣȻ֪⾿ô£ȴ֪ضǺ¡
ӾȻһЦ˵СԹԣ£
ŭ˫һӴϷЦСԹԣҪʲôδ꣬һȭڱϣʹðӴһᶼ˳
ӴСˡŭֳϴһȭ书䲻ѣôˣȻȱǿЩҲȻ˴Щһȭߵס
ŭֳӴ˼ȭӽп죬ʹø󺰣ѽ
ţһҵ¥δ󺺣Ǵ˵صĴ֣¥ϵ
֪Ƿţˣ֣հżȴ
ȭ꣬ӴɱҽС
ԽԽ΢ۼˣԽԽԣҲ˲ʲôһַӣһƣһžɢˣֵײײس˽ȥ
ʱϣѾֻûгˣŭСӣе㲻ͷˣ쿪ȰĴ֣һѾסӣϡ
ᣬ书ûеù洫ټĲߴţĴ󺺵Ķ֣ϵֱ

̫СڷʩչֽţţſƣҪȥĶ⣬һСӣҲʲôط
屻ץסҲˣӣ鼱֮£ײأв»صһ£ʹУҲ˿
·¥ӣϷŹүǺú㡣
֪ӵĶ֣Ҫ㣬ĿɨȴȱߵĴǿŵġ
ûǰ£ȫȻһƬֻЩȻҲ֪¥ϻ¥¡
⣺ƴŰһȭȥ˵
ʱ˹һȭȥǺӵţǺӷһȭòᣬ˿̵ҲҴ⣬Ҳһȭشϡ
֪д㣬ͷȻһǣҲͷһͣǺӵ˳һڴ̨ϣͷҲһأҲҳһۣ
Һ¥ߣŽӴʱһҲȲסΣƨʵʵصϡ
һȻòᣬ˿̳һ˵⣬ʲôҲ˲ˣҲ淽򣬾Ͱ
Ӵǲɹ֮ʱС¥ſڣɢɢһЩвСŮŮġá˴¥ߣﶼȲţҲȥ
Ǳ֮ͬģЩȻڸЩ˵ĹֺγԸ⣬ֻǱƶѡ
۷ڣ·ǰǾóһ·

岻֪˶ã·ϵ˶Ŀ⿴ΪǸŮӡԴӣҲԸ¡
ãʵܲˣȥ棬֪û׷ϣͣ˼ղŷ£ʱһƶĶΣᴿ࣬ô֪⵽ʲô
ʼǰߣ֫Щ֪ǾŹȣ̫ˡ
ɨĿſﾹǱǽͼڣܶЩľɵķӣסҲЩײ
е˶ԼͷһԼϴŮȴһ˫õı׿ѥ
ȷǲײൽ˼㣬˿ûоӣ޷֪Լϵ״Ǳ̬֪֮
ЩվſڵĸָЦһ죬ͷƧ֮ߣӿЩЦĿ⡣
֮飬Լüʱ֮ߡԽԽ٣˿ҹ磬֮⣬ݽҹ΢΢Щ䣬е˼ˮһڶ
˺ãã֮ʱ΢һЩͻ̻صھȥΪǰȫġ
츳ľǿԸȴʹԸ䣬ܶҲУ۾Щʪ󣬾ȻˣæѹסԼ޵ΪΪⲻӺɷо
ͻȻ·˽֮ϽͷȥҹɫãУֻмӰ棬Ҳ֪ڴʲô̡
ֿʼ˿˾֮񣬶ʲôη֮ģߵÿЩ
֪ǼӰҲԽԽ죬ؽпࣺôЩù£һģһʯӣˡ
ǼӰһЦӵЩåƦͶᣬͷбŹƤСñø߸ߵġ
Щ˰ס壬еľЦʱɫζ


һȻ˽⵽ǵ⣬⣺ԭǽҵŮˡﲻֺֺЦżֽƴţǼС׳ټֶ࣬ȻþȫҲûá
ǼƦЦԽԽеȥ·һ˵⼸ûǮƵûţС椶ı
żýʱ£ѹżʱֲԼı书ˣ˭۸ңһߣ佫һߵˣһȴѹ
أԶԶھҹԵ÷̶ǼƦˡͣס֣ȥ
尵ƽң˲ֽ˼ȴһӽסˣһ˵ٽдү㡣
ԽԽԶԱ߹ȥˣЩֿʼж弱ò֪ô죬ֽҲ޷


֪ͻȻӼǳģǶԾţ˶࣬Ҳ£˴үǾһδһﱼٶȾͷ·Ǻһ뵽ģȷʵˡ
ͨ崿ףǰ˸ϵʿ˭ʲôϲˡ
ЩȵСʲôܴү£β͡
δˣˢһ˵ͷһޣáӴһ˳
ЩʱңСӣҴˡְ˽ŵΧȥ뽫ϵʿ
һŭ߳ϣֵССϾϰٽϣʹǡ
ǹһ´µؿɿóһҲĿϿϣ޻ȺСȴһ尵Ľ֪һи书


Щӹڵϣߣã򡣡ڵȥȣ֪ǷһߵñչȥҲŭ޺ظĻΪ㣬޵ϾƵģһ㣬Ȼһ˵ġ羮Ѩ

еѨַֺõˣοʹֻޡЩʱ־֣֮䣬ѱ㵹ڵҲˡ
ЩŴ󺧣ߺɱĶӡ
书䲻ãңƽնĿȾȴʶúܣ˿̼ʿַ书ߣ
ϵʿǹ˵ıӰ΢΢Цվȥлл˼ң̧ͷһ˱崿ףĿǣںڰ⣬ٵͷһԼԱ֮УȻ

ҲͷϸΣͻȻļ
һ㵣ǧУضͷ⣺˼Ҳ࣬书ȴ֪ǿ϶ٱʲôʲôʲôûУϵɫǳȻ
˼شƺͷʵûмز˵˵ͷȥͷһҾͷߡ
˿ܣκԴʿݵóģǶʲôһ仰Ҳ˵
ǰıӰޱϣʱȴ¶һ˿ɫ
޵ıǷǳꡣͻأеιŮӣ


ͣס˽ţ֪˿еġŮӡָҲԸͣΪԼ̫ˣ˼Ůԭȥ˵ʤ֮ľǿԱ˵ͬ飬ԸܣԱ˵ĳЦʹޡ
˻ȥվ˵ǰ˵ͷΣƺо֮ɫ
ȻͻȻ˵ȻûмңҪҪߣ쳤̾˿˵ҲǸûмҵˡһڵĽϿ˵ֿ졣
ȴҲζˣ֮Ĵ𣬻δü˵ֵһԴЩ书㣬㲻ܱ۸ѧ˶٣ǾҪԼˡ
´Լѧɲ⣬ѧ޷ѧ֮⡣
һϲǳ֮⣬תһ룬ӵ˵̫ѧѧȥѧá
־֮ݣѧ书˵ͷ
˺һ˭˵㱿ǰ˭ѧ书ģ
ΰ̴


ΪԼ˵һʹ˳һ֪˼ˣǿһʲô岻棬֪ΰƴʱеĵλ˵ǷͬСɣˣȴб֮⣬ôǺ·
ѵ˵书̴廹ߣа˼⣬ӣȴ־ԼƲЩ
˵Ƣ꣬ͷ˵һߣ尵⣺ΣҲҪȥѧѧѧˡȥΪǾĻΡ
ֵͷҲ˵һӣһ㣬ǰһȥ


ֻһڿȻ˵ǰ棬Ҳ̫ᣬ¶ûпǵϸһ룬Ĵ͵ʱһΪŮģȴҪԼһߣֽϣǲҲǶԡҰأ



   Ǵ Ļء˷ 

ǰ棬ƼƵģƽδٶȣΪ˷ܡ
֪ٶȡҲһܣǰô̼ǡ
۾ƽһθܵĸоǶͻȻŵһ˿ȴǴϷġ
֣ϵϢôŮһ
֪˵ǸŮңҪЩԺûѧ书֮ǰǧҪȥһܡ
ˣЦã˵͸ߣҺң˱ˣҪԿ
пԣͰ͵˵ҡ
Ҫ˵Ȼܺȴúܣ滹ζʹ˲ҲĻ
ֵԺ棬ͽˡ
ˣЦ˵ͿҴ˶٣ȴҪҽ塣УǡšһǴӦˡ

رһΣԽԽڣԼҹˡ
Ҳ֪ܵʲôط˲˵ҲʣȻԶԶһƬƻим
ǰɱǰ棬Ż²һ˴ȻǸмһ൱֣Ϊôˣ˵ȻƻδֻԵûٳȻҲ֪ʲôط
мߵø˵󳭹ס֡
ͻȻоģﲻ֣书ôãȴôأ
ͣһĿջſڣҲ
Ǿ֮ɫʵȴδĴ𸴣˽ȥ
ǻǧѡһԣջС˶ӣʲôʲô·һ۾Ϳóæܹͽ˵͹ٸҪ𣿡
Գơ塱˲ͷص˵ͷСػ
ԭ廹վſڣ˿˽ˡ֣ȴҲ÷ֻ˽ȥ
СĽţԭȻ˫׿ѥ塱ҲС۹һҲһü
޿κεһЦ˿̵ƹ֮£ŶޣƯ
ԭ⡰塱˫üĿ˸Źʣ䲻СҲ󣬱һֱͨ϶
塱ֻ۾ֱؿҲ֣ŮӺЩŹ֡
Ҳδ뵽ЩǿġŮӡǸŮˡ
СЦֵȫˣֻʣһ䷿λͽס°ɣﻹɾ۾ѩѾЩ·˵̬ȣҲԶͽˡ


塱һҡ֣ðɣȥ׾ͺͱͬ˯ȻЩʲô㣬ȴû뵽Լ˼һһŮô⡰塱ȴҪԼͬ˯أѵ⡰塱Ҳʲôë
߽塱ͻֽС߿һ˵·ϢǻҪһ·
Щ˼Ϊģǿ¡塱ôᴩŮӵ·
忴ϲϲ¶һ˿Ц⣬㲻˼ǲǣһ֪ûϵˡ
΢ͽԼ·ȥ£Ķ̹Ӷ̿㶼ˡ屾Ÿô塱˵Լ£̧ͷһһļҪǻˡ
ԭ塱·󣬷¡ɣȻǸŮġ
ûע⵽ϵı飬һŽѵĿ˵ڸ֪Ҹղ˵Ļ˼˰ɣʵеġһ˵ҪǸеģҪù𣿡
ԳҲûмһŮǰ£˿̼ΣҪǻҲǵó죬ŵøϽͷȥٶ೯塱һۡ
塱ͻȻһЦҺԵһ㣬;¿꣬۸ֿģԲͽܣΪô򵥣Ժ˵Ҳˡ
һ̧ͷֻԡˡȻһ׸һ
ԭ⡰塱ѵ޴ƣߺͻȣڵƹԵøͻˡ
塱Ҳľ̬˵㲻Ҫ֣ҴС˯ġһЦֵˣ˯ѽ㿴ҲŮģʲô
󡪡塱Ͱ͵˵촩ϡҡǸˡ
塱һ͵һ˲ȵ˵ʲô
ӲͷƤǸˣҡ
û˵꣬塱һǰ廹δ壬һ飬ȫסˡ
塱һ죬ǰһҲ̷ɺ죬ɵһƣϣ۸̣
нпࣺ˭۸ˣԼΪʲôԭ򣬵ȴڿڲԡ
塱һͷ۾ԵסԼһƣ͸˵ƻɿش˼£һʹ죬ҾͲӡ
˾ӡ֣²ŵ̻ȥŹ֡
ԭУʮ˸Ϊ˽ǧٹأ书ȴߵþˣֽа֮䣬û֪Ҳû˼ò
ȥҲ㣬ֻҪ㣬Ҳӳȥ
ǧ֣ǾԶ֮⡰ӡǡǧ֮ޣȴȡǧ
֪ιʣӡ롰ǧ޷ĿǧͻȻڽʧȥټȴʼ߽ƮϲװкŮֻҪΪͲˡ

ԡΰơô书ˣҲĿɫԲȥǡ
ʱԵɣȴ£ôԽͣƢҪŹ֡
Ŀ𣬲֮ȴûɫˣ㵶ͷϣҲ㰧ġ

ϵĺϼȻδˣɷ⣬δ˿壬ɷûпˡ
˿ȴ˿˸йȻŭ֪أȴһ˵ĸо
ȻоȴҲʹ¾Ҫϵ壬ԣֻǾ֮Ͷѣȴڳš
Ŀһδġ桱׹°޸ǧƢ֣֪ǧ鲻רˣһŭ뿪
Դˣµ˶ΪУ˿ͷһĿȴʹĶˡ

֪κˣȻøַƭ˵УȻǾֻʱģΩС桱Уܻñ˴УҲΩС桱ܸж˱ˣԹŲġ
һ֪أܹ任򣬾Ժġǡϡ

˿Ҳ֪Ǳ˼ҵѨˡ
ĿȻûһ˿⣬㵽˭
Ȼ֪ԼѨȴ֪Լ£ڡӡӳʵˡ

ѨãȻŽԼĳԼռ£˵˳
Ӱ࣬Ȼ˪ĺȴǸżеŮˣֻУױ¶ѡ
ˣԶҵö࣬ҲδʣҲδģ˿ĻȴΪͬˡ
УŶǨһͬ£ͬϣôɵӡҲȻġ
岢Դʣټֲϲԣ˵úܼ̣ǺܶҪܶˡ
ߵ˵ǶҪ˵ġ

ʱ򣬷Ŵ֮κͲѲٴˣȴǱ˴֮˽ͬ顣
Ȼಢδضʵһ˵̾˵ܣҵҲ࣬㲢ֻҪģ书ҲһãԺ˵ɡ
һ仰Уʤǧͱ˽һŮӣд˿֮ȴһԵС
Ǽһ롰ĸƵУУжδгֹˡ
ƣ˴δҴұʵΪӱһΪĶͷһ·ͣ㣬ܾ˱֮ࡣ
죬ҪԼҲ֪ʲôʱֹ
˸Ƿ죬㼵˵˯ɡһڣֲϼȻΣԷǸѽ

أһ졣
һſڣ½ٿȻţȻˣһȵˣ˿Ҳ˼
з紵һƮæסֲһ죬ͷȥ۹˲һ
˿Ҳ˹䡪壬ˣ˯ɣҵվվѿˡ
ͷ˼ţ·ûĻȻԭǣǻ治ͷˡ
һãȻͻȻ˵仰
ҲԷãȻɫ΢΢ֳһ˿Цݣָſ˵㿴
һҲһԭſϣð׷ۻ˸εͼΡþھ֣ƽ̸ϵĹҲ֪٣˿һ֪ǽǰԤ档
˼Ҳ͵˵ɫѱǶˣ֡
æʵ֪˭𣿡
΢һͷָε⿴ǿʲôŹ֮
æһ£Ǵ֮ˣƣȻʹʧȥ֮ģȴδʧһ飬Уδ˷֣Ȼᷢʵġ
˿һֻͨǣȴ߸ǣǽСֻһǽϴ󡣡
һЦ⣺Ĺ۲úܡ˩Ϸţ˵ˣǽ߸µıǣߣҵңҲù˵ˡ
ʵ˭
ֵˣԳΪɷƽ޶书Ҳ²˵ɷߣǺɫ˵һ졣
ţȴδգ˶٣ֽ˵ոҿͼΣϴһǣĵڡͻȻֶסʵǵõڼǽϴ𣿡
˼شǵ


һЦ⣺˵ļҲõúܡͻȻһתݣѧ޳ɣΰڽ书ΰƴôãҲ书ѽ
ԽԽΣο֮ߣΰΪһֱ˵أ
˼⣬Ȼ֪бضЩŹ֣ΣҲܲ⣬⣺ԺһҪס
δ˵飬֮Ĵ𣬵ͼʾǲǾ˵ľɷеأ
׵ǡЦһ˵ˣ¾Ҳ߲ˡ
˼ǺţǲǾһأʱ԰书ģϣǡɷȫԼ֡
֪ɷڽ֮ȫˣһˣ»Ӧء
һЦһģֻ֪ʲôʱˡ̾Ĳ˵ҹҿ޷˯ˡ
ͷ΢˻ͻȻԼŵֻǼʿ˿½ɢķɫæһ壬ȴӣѾ˯ˣƹ֮£֮Ůӡ
һЦ𷽲Լǰʱ龰ֲһ졣

ƽչ·˭ҲһЦ˿̲֪أȴ˺ܴı仯ԼҲ޷˽¡
վ봩ѣõȻᶯʱ㣬֪һԭͲ˯š
۾ǲѾˣ
ҡҡͷ㱳ȥҡ
һ֪⣬æһת˫۽ǽϣ֪ƹⷴ䣬ȴֽʱӰӳǽˡ
˿Ѫյ󺣷ڣסˣ۾Ҳ롣

ʱѽˣʱݶͻȻһֵֺ죬ǳ΢һЩҲûвȴɫһ䡣
΢һ֣ϵĵƱٿȻ
⶯׶ĵأĿѵ¯֮´ˣ
پǰһڣƹ˲뵽ǻѾˣæס˿ڣŴֽ͸һ˿΢Ĺߣֻ۾ϴ˲Ҳ˲Ŵǰ
ͻȻһܰһתͷܰϢǿңԭ֪ʲôʱ򣬰࣬ҪҲҪ˵Ѿˡ֮ˡ
ԽסϢҴ֪أô඼ˣʵ𣿡
һ죬Լ֪Լԭ򣬵˵óڡ

ͻأ޷ԿһӰڴһһɣ˽֣ûн˿
ӰߣҲΪݣڵϣȫȻһ˿Ϣ֪ڿԢ֮У͸Ȼ룬һЩҲ˼ɣ书Ȼй֮ôطأ
ӱǿﰵһӰǸϽǿһ˿Ϊ΢СϢʹ˾۹ɨӰ΢΢һ
£Գ˼Ȼ£оȷжϡ
΢һ֣ѳ±УĿǵͬԴֵĪǺ֣Ҳ
һ֣ʾҪĪֵǺηʥٲڣɱֵҪˡ֪þУȻóȻ룬ȴΪ˿̫ס


⵱Ȼ֮ԭҲסջӰͶʱ࣬˵۹ɶһ۱㿴Ůװģɫ²֪˶ٸҸŮ˿һֳ࣬ĵĸ˷£ǴװʹĪɫˡ
Ҷ´ݾߣں棬壬ûһֻۣӰ´µ֪⻹һŮӶѡ
ɫ죬ټ书ʵй֮Ҳ벻еĶӣȲʹ˼ҵķ
ǰ΢һߣʹˡ
̱뵽ŮŮװ˵书Ҳδ֪ԺһתмϲװŮһ飬д󶨣Ϊ书ԼҲԼߡ
©һȴˡӡҲΪߣҲ⽿ӵŮӾǽ֮ɫŮɷǡ
һЦƾҲʹ̵֡΢һӲһǣʹ
Īɲ֪˼õʲôֻȻַľˣԼǰδġ
ﻹҵæһתμ࣬ǰضᡱأǽϡ
ĪǾþˣַ֪ⷢ˼书Լƽδãд󺧣⣺˭
ͷҲת꣬˫һ٣μشӴڴ˳ȥ
һЦͷһᣬϾ巽ԴӦǰһʧȥټˡ
尵̾һʲôʱѧ˼书úƣ룬־úܶ
Ρܣ֪һδʳˣ˿ҹ˾ܵҶأ
ĪȻ䣬ҲӳԶɷУṦߣУɷĪṦġ
ȫܿ˼ҵˣ飬Ӧ죬ֻҪвԣߣȻˣԳȴûгԹʲô
ΪҲһȻδ֣ҲûгԿ
֪ٿһЦЦ󷢳ģ֮£һתȥһż͵㣬ǰ˳ȥ
֪Ц֮ҲʼոþЦ֮Ȼ档
겻壬乶䣬֪˼Ṧ߳Լ࣬һҧμת쵶鼱ƴˡ
֪һתܵľݡ
ԭտգԶݶǹ䣬΢΢Щ׹֮⣬ֻһƬյѣӰ
һתЦ֮總֮Ц˳Ī˫ȷ־ȷƽδġ
֪£˵Լ˼УֻҪ˼ҸˣԼԴժ£Ҳ׵úܡ
Ī鼱֮£ȴһ⵱ȻҲþУٵоѷᣬھ֮УδʧȥԾȵıܡ
Ȼһ⡢ϥͷȣһʩչʮ˷Сɹ£ʹֹȷõİ취ˡ



   Ǵ ءʯɳ 

С֮£⡰ʮ˷Գµľ˿̡ɷеɷĪʩչṦӱ總֮Ц֮
ݶʩչֵģѲ⡢ͷϥŸһèϷţе쵶һѩĵ⣬Ի


˿˵У󣬵է𣬻һ磬ȴಡشӺ·ȥ֪þУӦĹȻһȣʩչṦϱݣӲ˵ƣԱܵȥ׼Ҹطһ䷿һأôӾͺҵˡ
̴ã֪żⷽһմأ亮ǵһЦ鼱֮£һȥҲмֹ
Ҳ֪һ˼ңż΢ĵ⻮˸Բ͵бҲΧ÷䡱ˢˢУݡ졢׼֮
ȴҲգͷУһɫӰƵӶĵ亹ڵϵĳ񲼶ʪ͸ˣȴԽ֣ͣһ쵶õˮ͸


Цţƶ˫ִڼ£ȴ֣Īþˡ廢ŵоȴѶһ㣬Ƕ֮ǼҿջĺԺڵʱ⾪סÿͣĸԸ£Ѵӹصýģҿһۡ

ͣҹϮˣɷĪϵĺ飬ȴ䣬Խ̣ˢˢˢƴ֮һವأ󵹴ܣǽϡ


ŵݵ˵ĪӲ֪Ǹˣˣͬһɽģˮɽת·תԺ棬Īֵˣв֮
˵òȻԣԽóѼȻϽĿǣ֪ӰһӲԣ˵¸Ҳ޶ԣЦĪһس߹


ȻõʿƮƮ壬һΪˣƽպɫĪ˿Ҳûȵ̬ˣ˵ѣδҲ̫ˣĪëûģֺαؿơУأ¶⡣

ȻЦţǸĻҲɷĪƽն̫ǵλŮħͷɱɱһ޸ĵˡ


ߵüһһأȴǶĪϣĪ̾һ㿴ôôɣһ쵶ڵϣͻ˫һʮ㺮е֮һ󡱡
Ϊ󡱣ȴǶ룬ƽհװУһһͲ룬Ī˫ֶһͲΣʱʩһʩȴܱܿġ


˿˫ʮĿڶٿԲ֮ڣ֮£Ӻ಻߰˳ߣۿͽɥİ֮£ĪʼЦֵһɲѾΪһʧˡ

ĪĴСս֪жٴΣҲ֪жٸֵĳӢۣССʮĿڶ֮¡
Цδ̧ʮĿڼķ룬ţ˺ۼʧȥӰɷĪɫʱҰףǧؿǽϣûˡ


֪ڼЩ룬ԾṦܿĪҲᾪ죬ȴŵʱõַǧĶŹڡҲʮǰµˡµľ֮¼׾
Īַ߽δüȴѾˣ֮£ְܽȥģҲֻСڡַ֮µˣܹڹĴڵģҲֻǧˡ
Īšǧ뵽˶־ǡӡֻ߽һ˫ʮָţȥʽȻôˡ
һЦƻӴҲʮĵ㺮ǵͲ󡱾ԭأĪһҺʮĿڶȫϡ
ȵһת𡣶ĪҲδٿһۣɫӰһֻ±Īڵϰ
ԼٶݶѲһתԼķ䣬ǿŵģ˽ȥԴǼŮѣڴϣѾ˯˵ӡ


һЦʵι˯𣿡ȻڴϣҲδһ£˸ǷЩˣڴǣȴ֪أ۾ˣҲƣúܣȴһ˯ҲûУֻǱ۾


޵ƣ֮Թ߲ʮֺڰڴϣһ˿⣬֮䣬ƺһ£۾һӴս¹⣬պԱߵ˵ϣѽһ˳


˾壬Цһ£ɫ˫һһ֧ͦڴϣ΢죬ôǡôصڰϣǰԼһһɵأֵڴϡ
¶ɫһƵģƮƮشӴϵǼŮˣ¶ֹ侫£Ҳ쳣߹Ķ


ת˱ѨڵϵһۣǷһݶЦݣڴһɫȡϣԵüΪԣ߻شǰ԰벻˰ɣдּڽ߷Թ޵ζ


벻ģץ㡣ӥһĹâЦŵ㻹ʲô˵ץ˰࣬ҲӥСô׺Ͱ꣬żһ㣬ӵڣЦһӵָ罣ϼ£һתӺ󴰿˳ȥôƵġ

ڴĽ壬˵ίһУЩãȻ


ĽؿӳȥֶۡͷԼԴǼŮߡգվѵһգһȴһӵܺͷ·𻹶ЩЩܣȴֺ˷ܡ
ͻأЩ̧ͷȴһݳˣ֪ʲôʱǰһ
˴Żɫʿ忴ò׳ŵʵ˭
һЦʵ˭


й˵ĺ⣬ţ˵һЦΪƶһ£ʵأйӴһ忴˵ĲӰӥǣͻһʵأ
ʶһָڣȥˡһתֻһ˹Լһ飬ѱѨ


һ૵ŵֲҲԭ˺ӡͷֿһۣһڣ벻вСŮŮӡ岻֪ڽЩʲôҲ֪˭Ǿ仰Щ⣬һԩȴһ仰Ҳ˵


ؽڴִֻ֫ľһҲܶڵϡ˿ץߵʱ򣬻ǰء¼صһ¡ҲЩ书ѨȴһҲ֪˼ҾԼһѨϡ
Ҳ֪˶ãҲֻƬ̣ȻȴһôͻȻǰһһ˫ŷ۵ĵĽźȻǰӲܶҲ޷˵
ţ˫ŷ۵ĵĽһţʹȴȻܶƺΪءסһԭĶŵѨӣĺļʮơ


Ĺǽɢһ͵³һŨ̵ȻʹȴԶˣһɫˣһ֮ɫվǰ΢΢Щڣ忡ָ߰忴Ƶģ뵽ԼԱ֮Уֲ



˿ѾЩɫˣܹõϵɫҲܿóüͷһ壬Ƿǳм˵ܣͷȥô˿ر𰲾߾ʲôҲǴض˯Ƶġ


ͻأһţ̧ͷ˵쳯˼£ȴһҲﲻ˼Ŀ־壬ſź֪ȴֻܷ΢ġѽѽ֮żץԼͷͻȻס˼ʮʯѹ͸


˴ͷĿоûһ˿һֵ£ȴʩ֮һץͷ˼ۣٿȻ֣˵ֶΣȻݶѵһֵֻۣܹûϢŲһȻ￪ߣһƮԣ۹ıӰξǱ˼ҵ۹⻹죬֮䣬ʧȥټ


֪ԼҲˣｲĻȻɫȴԿóĸȴѹƣ۸ӣոһЩѧ书ϣֳ֪£ϣȫˣԼҲһƵĲзϣԼĺ޲ʱȥ
磬˵δ̫пЩ˱һĶʶѤȻȴҹҪ

ɫնйӴˣ䶷յùѼ
չĵطеĳճһţԼΪʲôйĵطлҳأ


˲ΪԼҵ˴𰸣ԭǹ߽ҳճûйĵطҲлҳֻǿˡͷΪ룺ôƽΪʲôеĻҳճأΪʲôЩҳںڰأ


أеĽ͹٣ˣҪ·ĸˡȻȴһ˿Ҳʢ飬ȴʹ෴ˣҸˣߵȥأȻǿţȻմʪ


ӺɷѪҲġҧ⶷һΣؿиСȻϣţòȥߡ˵Ķ𣿡Ժвͣתţ𣺡ס˵꣬øǮġ߹ȥǰ⿪ȻһԪһЩɢӣæһЩǰϵãϵĶ㣬߳ȥ


ҹľ綷ʹõ岻࿴ȻҹˣȴֻһҹŮģȴеģȴԼԼٶ£˵ҲǽҪ£˼Ҳͻһ
һܹȥһЩӣһ֣ʾ˵ȥɣ
һǵ࣬˵㣬ҲҶ˵ǣ˳Ц͹ٶˡȴڣס겻ǮҪүӣ˳Ǹöү
нĻȻ֪ˣ֣ЩˣҾͿԵˡȻһ˿˱̫Զ


ǣʧȥ֮Ĺ¿ˣ˼Լȥ·ͻأųĺӳֱ˹һ΢ű̫Ѩſҩĺӣһ֣һѣƥ͵ģ


һȫȻ֪ô£Ǹһߣ̫үȥ·ԭǹץȴ֪зĽɫҹͨƾţһŪӶˣһܳ봥˼ҵùͷһ˵Խ⣬ȵһ㿴ӣȴǣôһƥ
־ȥ֣Ծץţ˵ȴ˵ǹɡأһ⣬ǸӣСˣһ⡣


ŭȥһȭȥǹھȫˣкȵСһ֣һ𴦣ڵϣϹȥţšΰơѧôõ书˿̾⹫İʽڵϷֵûС
СԭЩ˵ֺϷһߣһţһۣ·鶼˵ӴŹǷţˣȥˣСֿģɣ


̫ġһתƥһֻۣҹǮж࣬һ룬ϵһڣǣߣȴֵСϵǸ˵ʲô


ץŵİֱȥǡüЦؽȥȴǰӵϣﳤȥˡŴӵϵʹûзǿϣȴί裬Ҫըˡ



ԵŲ죺ΪʲôЩҪ۸ңѵɾǸ˼ҵ𣿡ߺǿȥǱĶֵ·ۿⲻƽ£ǵûһ˹ܣҶ۹


ߺԶ޲ģĵǡϣ滹ҵһЩձ伢ʧˣǸ棬˿ʣģֻ顣úɣƤֽķ棬ûд֣Ҳûп飬һ·ӶԽܣǣ£ԶҲҲԸ


·ţһձӿЩöϻЦݣмúͷסˣܵ룬ӵݣʱŽһ롣⣺Ҳ㣬һһᱨġ


ű⣬ƾɵֽձˣձȴһóӣ˼˵ҳձڻ飬ձԸ׵ñһ˿ô


ӽ鷭˷ֻ壬ҡҡ֣˼˵ҲҪȴ˸ձ塣飬תͷܣ֪һΪҪձо˵ıţ۾ֳʪˡ
ûκһ±һǵˣȴƫƫܵίʱ򣬼޷Ҳ޷ֵñˡ
һδĥҲδʵʯ·ԵʯﱻǼ̤ţûһע⵽ļֵʯԶ˼̤зʵһأ



   Ǵ ءƮ 

ϣջſڶ˸ϴСˣϴκ˶ɾõǮȴκ˶٣⻹ǱڿջſϴһȺеġϴ󡱿ŽһЩǿûʲôˮĿø
Ȼ壬ΪԷ裬ҲֱϾڿջķһ˯ͷΩһĲƲҲΩһûбҪĶ

͵ĴʱʹҹѣһҲ֪ôġȭһ氲οԼҪˡ
컹ûʱСȴ˸ʽͷӣһƥƣһʮ߰С
ڿջǰһСյϣ࣬СˣŻ忴۾ֱˣˣãͷӿԣŽĳ滰ʹ˰쾢࣬Ǯȴ١


ͷʧˣԣʰųӣС̾Ա߰æˣǣƥջſڣСкţȴȥǣƥʽ˼ҪˢһˢҡҡͷȴڵϻˡҪǮ֣ͷһЦͽվʱ򣬿СĴ۾ҲЦ⡣
һԶôƯ۾ѽֹ̽Լȥ̴룬Ϊһ뵽ͻøܡ
ϣ˯ˣǰЩһֱѣǽҹǿʹȭʱ򣬳֮⣬һ˫۾ţǾˣʽͷӡ


ͷӿջ߳˿׷ڵдѧ䣿˵ͷͷһᣬдԸԸȥȻʱҲᰤܱˢҪǿö࣬Ҳõϴѽ
ϲͷͷƵϣҲ¶ϲɫˣͭɫƤҲɳڣи׳СӰæǼ£οСӻľߺøС



ǵڶ죬ˢС˱߽Сƣͷӵ˽ϣһЩСƮţ죬żһʱҲʹһȭϣǱУͷ˯һˣȴ־ˡ
Ļ룬˿ѱʵĥüûӰӣҹ˾û˯ŵʱҲԼѧ˾˵书ʹ̴һȢŮ
ʱҲӣ뵽ӳǽϵǸӰӡ
ǰ죬һ˫ĶЦĴ۾ʱȥ˺ܶ£Ҳ̫ЩΣֻʹĶѣֺαҪȥأ


ߡԼԼ˸֣л󣬽˳ơϻ굶Ůһ˫۾ƽȴ˰ĴȰʧȥ˵˵㹻ʹˣο˫۾ʱ۵Цء

뽭긮ԽԽԶ쵽̶ꡣ
Խյ˵һ޷ȵĥѣϵƸˡ


ϣҹѣε̴һѵҪɱ̴Ա֣ʱǼֲĸоʹһתҲڴϣʹľɵĴ͵ƣЬӣ߳éݴɵСջСͷȥ͸͸


ѾֹˣôϣߵСԺȻûӰʼ֣ϵôˣܵȥˣǰǽһǽƬĵϵľȴŵǽϷ


ԭǽ˿̺߳裬ֵӿһƬӰġ廢ϻ굶ԵŶֵһ֦ɥŽйٱʣ绢гͣԼϣʮĹﻹˣʽʹֵ۾ֱˡ
ʹɥŽǸݺӣϴһĵ̣ʹйٱʵĶСʽϿĵطк
ѩ׵ĺҹŵƮ裬ʹйٱʵ˫һ㡰šһ㡰Ȫˢһ˫ֱͷʽ磡
Цһ΢һһбµɥŽǺȻһ߳ٿȻ𣬡ԧ˫ȡߵǰСӲòϽкˡ
ʹɥŽݳЦ߳ʮĹ򵹻ûи£ǽճ̵ĲѪ˼䣬Ӵ˽ϾûǡɷֺšˢˢɫĹâںҹԵ÷
ʹйٱʵĴ˿۾ˣҲǱߴߺȵϻ굶леɱ˾һ֮ǿɰ첻û˵Ҷɣ
һ죬廢ϻ굶ʹ÷겻͸𽭺־޵ɷеСɥųӢͶ֣׵УȻǺл֮⡰ɷһʱ֮䣬ȴҲκá
ڰǽϵȻǵĻ̽²³˾ŷ֡


ϵѰϵǰһҲǸӢۣΪ˶ܳңͽݣǽҹ˼ˣ̾һϧ̫ãһæҲﲻϣ˼ôģôֵģҶ֪ǸǸзϡ
ĸͷһ̧Ȼ㺮ǣƵϵֵϮȥ֪ǰԱһƽҲŵǴϷġ
СɥŽһ죬йٱʷô򣬽Ϯӻˣдŭȵʲô˸Ұү


ˣƽӰ˹ʹҶһ绢ʣ¶˫㣬ߵҲǡ廢ϻ굶·ӣɿ죬үүĵȴֽȻͬСɥЦһСϱҲˣһתˢˢƽ
忴亹ֱð벻ƽҲôõĹ򣬶ԼãҲԽܡ
⼸һ̶֣СĹСɥЩ飬ͺȵîϾ˽ӡ


ƺһй˫ֱ۽ȥֶ̱ľǡһ̣һա⻹üϿ죬֣һйٱϣȷʵй˵Ĺ򣬾ôĵȴҲȵú
ʮһϵй˫ʾͲòеĵȴһпһУܿռϷ硣
ǱƽеҶȴֵвסСɥеŽһŵ⣬ѱСɥɿĽ



Լ书䲻У㻹ò٣˿żһʱֲʤ˱ˣǺãȴ֪ʱѾˣֻǴҶڷ˭ϳ¡


괳Ĵˣ֪٣˿۽ǶѿŮĲŵŵŵˢأִʩչ廢ϻ굶ġСʱɵΣѹԼ֮¡


й˫ʣĥ㡢ܣġб˿ȥЦһһȦйٱһܣַȴˢһȣϣһִֻйٱַȥ


һȴٸϢĻᣬѩרĿţһ֦йٱʲżܵУһҺϿһʹֵйٱʶˡ溮ˮĽ⽭޵Լ£ˢأһʹ亹ֱðδ˵ȥ¿ʽȴ㿪˴С


ǱСɥһȵģµģδ̫˰ɣϹȥƽĵȴҪѲԽеĽҲԽңһҺ֪ɰ˳ɶˡ
ͷδת꣬˹һ죬ֱСɥŵ·ȴȵƽȥðι
СɥųԽã˲֮䣬ͷ£ӣнһСХת硱ʹһ룬ʹжʹ꣬ǰһһ
Ѫĳ棬ǵһμ˷ܵȫ޲˵磬籪ĲϵԼŶ˼
Լ֪Сɥϵһ˰˳ɾ㹻ȥӣЬĨĨϵѪ͵˵ѵϵʰûϽ뿪
ƽһӣڵʰӡΩһ¶ݵĶ
˵԰ǽһЦ˿ûΪܶв⵱ȻΪûн˵Եʡ

˻صͿʼװ֪ҪˣԱűŵ£һֲᣬȻ棬ȴҲʣʱ͵͵ȥƽɫ
ǵȻ̫鷳Ƭ֮䣬ʰˣÿʰʱͻǳ˷ܣΪҪһµĻƮÿ˶ڳԵġ
˿Ҳ˷ܵ飬Ҫ˷ЩΪ־һǰδ¡
ƽͷʰؿ飬δǰҲδؽڱϡ
ҹУʱ򣬾͸ϵһСɽɽš


ǾɽһΪЩСɽɽ̣ɰΪ뽭֮ͨļĶ࣬ɽ£ɽܴŲͤݣΪкüһ˾˾ÿҶʰøɸɾͻȻһСӡ
賿ЩĿͼңѿˣ۵ݴһۣҲ߽һСȥ⡣
С涼ˣ÷ϸëģҲƣȥˬָɾϴм⼫ȥ
ЩʳҲ޷棬һĶƽȴԵýζЩʳʵӡ
ʱ֮⣬ͱĿˣأϳ𣬱ƥٿȻǰͣסˣˢţιң棬үǳ·


˵ϸģȴŲݣֻ۾ȥüǸ߸ټ߹øߵ̫Ѩʿ֪Ǿڹӣһȴ෴һ߽ĽŲסţߵĴƤңȴָ߱λʹмңȻҲˡ
һһݵˣһ߽۾סشǣϽͷȥ棬·ΪԸǡ
תͷȥ˼ң˼ҵ۾·еƵģҲϽתͷȥ˼ң֮£һȴѿԱߵˣȻһ졣
ʱЩţЩңûаã˿̱һײӧǹüɢһء
úɣƤֽ飬ҲЩС


ո߽ĺӣĿһ䵽ϣɫȴȻһ£˻һۣͷϵվ׼æʰƽһۣĿǶڵæҵʰűеϡ
嵱Ȼ֪˼ҵ˫ĿƵصԼϣԼçײ֪ǰһͻȻһҲԼɢԶһ˻ʰ˹
мһЦһ̧ͷղŰԼʰе˾ȻǷ߽Ǹ۾·еӡ
ҲһЦݣôӵ׵ģڵϾǸƵģʱ׼ȥʰɣƤ顪
Ͻһ֣ͽʰˣҶǰԼæ΢Цһ£ЩøУΪ϶ɫˣ̫ࡣ
֪ϵķȴ֪س鶯һ£ſ˵һ仰˵ʲôƽȴˡ
˵ǣ
С磬ɲԽҿԵŴ۾ЦЩĪĸо
֪ϵСȴ˵
㲻Ҫ˵ǸӣǸưɣ˵Ҳ
ӡŶһΪվתתͻȻһЦݣָƽ˵ģ
ƽһü΢
ʽģɲģ㿴飬Ӷúܡ
ӹһЦü۽ǷһǼűɫ۽һʼճվԱߵݳһֵۣ
֪㲻飬ҿӺܺÿʮӣҶں


һƽɳ˾֪ʮӣڵʱһΪ˵ĿƽͿ౼£Ҳû룬ȻΪʲô˻ỨôǵۣҼֱѾ˵顣
ԾɵشӼۣġϵݣΪҲЩж֮꣬һ۱³һһ˭
ԭӾǽдĶʣǸݳӣȴֵĶо޵ΤҶ֮ԡ
ԡϵģŮģڽоͿŮ飿
ΪǸûע⵽ļֵһˢĲзϺϵ飬˭ȥע⵽ļֵ
Ҳ֪龹ڽǳ粨ʹǧΪ֮ĿҲ֮ԾͷЩɥڴ˵š
飬ǰʮǰֵһˣвϢĺţһɲ书ȫ档


ǶܺͽΤľһۿһ߽յĺźʹ˵еġšƵ飬֮£ȻҲ֣ȴȻҲЩɡܾ֮͹뿴ǷеģȻû飬ʱҳɢһ£ѱϽһƳȻЩͼΡ
ʱȥôһ飬һ书ƽϡ书ƽˣ书ҲƽѽⱾǼ롣
֮ƷƻȴϽ̽ţƽôһ𻰣ϵļЦͱЦˡ
һ֣ӻͳһʮأһΣһִŹЦ˵ϲղطÿˣң⶧Ӿġ
һ˵ţһʽֻƽ۾Щֱˡ
ϵЦʣⱾţۿҪ䵽ϣôҪ꣬ڽнҪøķϣ˻䡣



   Ǵ ߻ء¼ 

廹ڵϣƽͷһۣǲǸý顱ӡ


ϵڰ˼ţӦ棬ҲǾô˿Ѳ³ˢĲзϺӡϵزѰֻΪǿ꣬еҲѸĤԴ˿δ飬ǡš


ǣ֪طѰȻҲԸⱻʮȥȴ벻һܾ
ΪڽжĺĿɱˣϵ书Ҳ˵ĵ֡
ͷܵ۾ȴƽϣҲд㣬ŮһͷȻںʮӣŮһҡͷҪԱˡ
֪ʼδһԵĽΤҶ֮Դ˿ͻ
СⱾҪңҸһӡ
ƽһԼĶ䣬Ŀӡһɨ
Ҷϸ磬Ǻαأ򣬻һ𣿡
Τȴһ˿ҲûУһЦȻ˵
ѵҾ򲻵𣿡
ɫұ䣬
ãáͻһתͷҧƽ˵
Сҳӡһ֣ͳһƱһţƽһ˵
ƱǡԴԣģ֮£ʲôطܶ֡
еˣƽռദΪζͶϹߣǣһһ˼¡
˿䡰ΪȡĽɫ黹ûеõȴڧôһ˻й˼ɣ˭Ҳǿˡ
ƽԽԽͿˣǶһֻվԱߵĵĿڴ޲ԼҲô飬һӾˡ
̲סڵ
ӣԴԣƱ˰ɡֲͷʤĽصϵѽ
ΤӺݺݵسһ۾ŵĻҲ˵ϵɿһվ˵ӵģҲʵλֺαػôӣ򡪡
ͻȻЦָšϵЦ
ѽѽ۾ԽԽˣֱڲϳ㲻廢ϻ굶벻벻
Цһֵ
Ȼ㣬¿ɺðˣʸˣûʲôѹꡮɷԡҪ鷳һ˵졪ܵҸӰɡ
ϵʱɫұ䣬֪˼ϳԼԼ벻Ҳˣһʱ֮䣬˵
ǽΤһͻǰһ
ɲ׼飬ѣҲ֪ҵƢҳ飬ɷԡӣҶ֮Ҳȫ˵˭ɣ
һšߵƤҲЦ
Ҷģĳ˸㻹ֽ飬ҪôĽƣĳ˲ġ
Τ˫ĿһݣҲƵصסʣ˵ģôͱĺҪôͿŰɡֲһۣ۾˵
ǲҪ˭ɵÿ˵ҪȻòȴ͵ˣߣͲǹˣ
䣬ء
һЦһѼ˵
ȫҹɣ
˶ȻһܺͽΤӸĿ䣬ˢأͬʱһšһһңԾüȥ
ſһʿһɫĳȴһЦݣվԼվĵط档

һٵ涼ǿյģһȥԶʿǺʱģģûһ֪Щľ书ӡ
ǣԾĻ壬һֱڵϣЩ˵ĻһҲûȴ³Щ˵ݶΪԼһֱûע顣
ǣ˿ת£
鱾ǡ塯İģ塯书ޱȣӣҲôע飬ѵ棬ʲôܣǰΪʲôأ
֪屾Ǵ֮ˣǰһֱ񽻴ᣬΪû뵽˿ȴѲż֡
ΪʱͻȻһ˫ŷ۵ײĵĽţǰ˫žôϤ
ǡ
Сջ䣬ԼѨڴǵһĻֵҲƵͷ
ס̧ͷȥһϮɫĳ΢΢Щڣȱָ߰
弤˸˾Լ⿪ѨˣĿһתٷֳԼ֮⣬˵ϣҲ¶̵ɫвתתΪԼ⡣
ŮΤӡܣ˫۾žʿȴ˿ҲûΪ֮ݣĿȻϡ



˵ͻȻ֣ʹÿ˶Ṧ棬ܺͽΤҲǡȴǾʹ˿ܵģţһ⣬ǰҡҡȥʱ򣬾ǵڲϣҲΪƴһƴġ
ǿЦһǺηˡ
֪ʿƺԸϻ߳һס
ǹ
Τ溮ˮ˫ü΢Ҳ߳
ѣӿƾʲôҽΤǰ˵ֿ񻰡
ǶһΤ˵Ҳʾһۣ
ܵ𣿡

ʿͻ쳤ЦЦԽ߿
һʶúܣ˼Ц֪ڹ֮ǲ˼飬Լ֮ϡ
ʱ˫ü壬ĿͻȻ¶ɱͻ˫ʮ㺮Ǳֵǣڵϵ塣
ʿЦδס԰ĴµĶܷʮ㺮ǣƺ۽Ƕûһ¡
ŮȴûΤĿ׼Ƚ¼Ķܡ
֮£һ书䲻ߣֵױȳݵö࣬ոչ¡


ǱߡȻһšܡƺһԭͽΤѶһƣȴĽΤӵĵཻ֣֮£ס˳Զͷһؿһȣ֪Լˡ
طΤ߳ƣ󾪺֮£˶֮ӰٿȻֳ
ʱܷİŸϽȥʿֻǰȻ׿ԭأһӣʮӰ٣֪ȥˡ
ֱַţܰæ͵һƳҲˣϽ̾ͷԼβ
ʿ书ǲ˼飬ټѾԼɳĽΤӣοԼ˿˼صˡ
֮䣬ƶϳԼ˿Ωһߵ·ǳ֮󼪣ǵòϡ
ڽзô꣬ôңܲɴ˿֪µжϣй֮ǵϵĽɫ
һ֮£ٲɣһš˫һ٣ˢбܳȥĻҰȥ
£ôľ޵ȻչʱһӣҲƵشʮ㺮Ϯˣϵƣȷо
Դ¼ͽΤӶƣһֱ˿̣дȻڵʱȴ֮ɵģԶԶվԱߵҵĵûпô
ǰȻ׿ʿЦУٿȻһƵģڿ΢һ
Σ鼱֮£򷢳Աʮ΢һ֮£ȫţ˺Ӱ١
书ɲʿӶٿȻһХתۿеͻƾհߣȻͷΤӻ¡
ʱĽΤӣҲʿľɫҲѧһ֮󼪡
֪һХɫӰѴһԼδǿƷ磬ʱԼѹ


Ʒ֮У޷ֱ˼ԼеĲλԼδδŵƷһѹ͸سơӲ֡ˣ˿̷ǵܻ֣㶼ûа취㣬ֻǰһڣһơ
ĿڴŮֻ䣬һХһҺӰߵķȥ
һǷһĽΤӣ˿ѵڵϣϸ֪һʱĶо޵˿Ѿɥˡ
ʿ֣Ŀֱš

廢ϻ굶걾ǸΪڿͣ书䲻ĳɫƤ֮ӣǲڻ£ֱ죬㿪۽磬֪Ͱ֮Уˡ
̾һ˰ΣԺ֮ҷ׷׵ģһͷ
ƽҲʧɫ飬ǵԼ۾жв
еϽ˾ϵһʬҲﻹڹٵϣ˿ѴϾҪöˡ
ʱҲʹ־޵ɥ
Ů߳һ
ƽʰߡʱѴ˳飬Ѿ˿
ϴ˿̾Ȼ¶ϲɫĿһת֪⺢ӱѷ˴ܡ
ԭƣһ굽º󣬾²ܣȽ鷭һȻ֣дĹȻȫ书Ϊķ
˫ü壬֪ʱԼ߲ɣδȥأ
ּתת֪ʿ޵еĿģҲϣ֣Ƭ̼ԽܻУʱƱػ᷵ȡ顣
һ֣Ͻӹ¼֣ȻӳУ͵һס̰Ĵ
廢ϻ굶ʱˡɷԡеĶɷ£ӴΪݳ޶㣬һֻԶĺӣںڰӴߡ
˿̣ŵĶȴʹЩȫĹ۹ֻҪصģͿԶηκˡ
ﶧһ˿Цݣٲɣһȵ
ƽߣһ壬ϷŶܺͽΤƥŮϣˢشһޣȻԼһƥȥ



   Ǵ ڰ˻ء 

һɴ֮⣬廢ϻ굶Ю뱧غǰ⡰ϵѽֵ֪飬һֻҴԼĻ
໰ʣȴʲŭԼΪʲôԼȴҪ˼ڲԼһЩûС
ȻѾϰ˱裬˿Բ빣¡
˿ٵˣƥμɳһ
ƽ֮丸һƣ˿ƥԸʹܣ޷ƣԲʱŤͷ̫価ŤȴҲʲôЩԼҲ֮׹
ƥǧѡһԣ侭̱һҲԲƣͣ㷭ɣƬ֮䣬ѱԶ
廢ϻ굶ҲʱŤͷû׷аϲȵܲȵġָ˸е¼˿Ҵŵ壬̰һı
ο壬ҲЩ֮ģҲΪԼҪôһֻ²Ǯİ֣ûʲô⡣
˿ͷת΢΢Цһ£˱ǰƽһۣٿؽһơ
ƽٲһЩ⣬ȴδ뵽Լĵһ¿Ĳз궼ݲá
֮Уֻƺ׹ص
æŤͷȥԼ˵ȴֱһƣƥʹδһ˻ǰ伱
ƽȴѿûӰˡ
ôָôһأ
ֻǣƥȴ֪飬ҲΪѴϵŮͣһ̣ǰ۵øˡ
ֱĹٵǰۣƥҲתʧȥټ

̫ҲһأȴһĹң˹ٵ˵ڵԵ
һƴӼŵ˦顱أͷײڼӲʯ·ϣַڵԵĴʯͣҽٵĹǣҲʧȥ֪
˿̣Ƶת˹ĿĿʶ۾֫ȴѱˤɢƵģһͷʹ
ֻǿŤͷܿյϵ⣬һ˲䣬ֻԺһƬ磬ʲô¶벻ʲô¶Ը롣
Դ֪ʶһ쿪ʼֱ˿̣ܵģƺֻвңȴԹ޵أԹޱˣֻԹԼѡ
ֻԼΪʲôΪʲôԼȴԹԼ޴ڱʩͲƽȴֻĬĬȥţֻϣһñ˿
ޣЩ˵ô裬ֻҪ˲Լ㣬Լȴȥֺˡ
Ȼôӵĥôҵ֪Щն񣬵ȻȰˣҲϣȰԼ
ǡϵ嵱Ȼ֪Լ·ԣΪ顪Ǳˣ˽Ҳȱ˶ࡣ
ȴԸȥסЩֻԸס˼ҶõĵطֻԸסϵһδʹһһ˫Ĵ۾
м˼ҲԼɱǽԼѣΪ˼ҼҪɱҲǡطǳס
˿صڲݵϣӹٵϱӵص״ȴһҲ
ͬʱ÷ǳһ˲䣬Ѳˣ˸󣬵ȴ·ֻʣԼһˣᡣ
һֶôįĸомϲԣ͸һ˫۾ܿأΪֱ˿̣ȻȰһ¸ҵ˵Զɰġ
ʯһ򾣬ӵ䶯һֻϣͣ
岻΢Цһ£ֻ֪Ҫ򾷭ֻϱ̱˦䣬ѹ棬岻˾
ǲԸֻǲܷѾľֻ֪ϵĴڣ
ûеõ𰸵ʱصȥֻȴͣڵϣǣͻȻ
һʱͻȻһֻͻȻѹֻϵϡ
һ˫ŷ۵ĵĽţҳ°ںȻֽ岻ÿ֪˫ʲô˵ġ
Ȼ̲סŤͷ˳˫ϿȻɫĳضưףĮ飬һ˫Ȼź˫ۣҲ塣
һӵ漴ſ֣Ȼͻһʹñ򷽲һˤɢ˰֫ʹȻҧǿʹԼȥ
Ϊһʹʹκʹ࣬ҲԸǰԸ裬Ⱥȴܱ˵ӣܱ˽ɸõų
ڣһ̧۾ܿ˵ˣӡ
ΪվܹغվһڼʹһֻǧҪͷϣҲηصȥ
µسţҲֱͦţĿ⣬η壬Ϊ˿̹
Ȼͻһ֣ס⣬;ԼͻȻ˺ܶ࣬һתҲ֮ת˸
һѿ絽·ϣֻԼƮƮأǰУԼѾ˼ϣԼ˿Լ
֪ҪԼȥҲ֪˼ҽҪԼȻη壬ȻȰȴη
κһֶӵ£ֻио裬δоη壬֪Լǲһˡ


ǣȴ֪ԼδĹڰС¥ɫӣǻĽ⣬һȺꣻڿջĵ귿Уš塱̱ܽԼƣ£յĻࡪ
ЩȻңǵûġʧҪΪδ֮Ƿϡ
˿̣һΪΪٵϵκһһܣƾġ

࣬ٵͨҪ˿⴩ҳʿ۾֪ҳ˱ͼ٣ټر𣬱Ȼע⡣
һ·ǰǸ·ڣɼߵ·Ҳ֪·ͨȥġ


֪ǰ˺˻ȥվ·ڣߣֲ֣ʾ仰͵һ˵ɫȻǴеĮĮһ㺮Ƶģһж档
岻Լ
ѵûе𡭡ãʲôȥ룬ôκηնû𣿡
ͻᣬ֪ЩĮĵķȴԽࡣ
Ҳ壬Ϸϣ֪ЩʲôҲֻ̧ͷֻƲԹת
õ
˼Ƶַ˿ȥɵԶԶĵطɵϤϣ꣬ʱձöôɰȻ塭

Զĺ
ɣɡ
ֺڵܹ⺰ڵҲϤģۺڡһ⺰ڵҲ̾ͻ֪Ŀǰһָ޿ƥеġھ֡ڵĶˡ
Ƭ̣·̳𣬳˻Уͷһƥ·ڣϵʿһ˻һһ㣬ˢأת˸ͷֺɵ˻ȥ
˵һžͻƥ˹֮䣬ΪԵãһȥ֪Ѻڵͷˡ


ɫ˿δ䣬ȵƥǰźһ·УԭкڵԲŴһ·ϻͷ·ڣΪȴֻڶӽƥ⵱ȻΪ壬Ȼ·㡣
һͻΣʦȴΪ֮ɫ䣬֪߿ǣ߼£˵סڶӵȥ·ġ
ʦȻ󾪣Ŀ佫ǴһۣȻ˵
λ뽫µһãһ֮һƥͻعھ֣λԹܷĺˡ
ϵʦҲ´ؿ壬Ϊ֮һ㵡
ҲͿǣп࣬ӳھ֮󣬾ҲԸھˣǵʱ
ͷ屾Ϥԭڷھĵΰ̴ţһп񵶹ģ̴ͷµĺˣǳլȻҲϵ塣
˽ӳھֵ£ΰΪŭһ壬֮£˵Ļ͸û
񵶹ԵİԻһۣˢأ񵶾ԾһЦ˹ȥ
ϵ̴ܵͷúÿ࣬ϵܣҿ㻹ǻȥɣնҪ˻˵ĵǲŽп


崹ͷ˵ĻⱻУסƵģãԶԶˣ˿ͷϴһ˫Ѿߣ˶ĴֲЬԲλﲻܡ
˽üһŲһͬʱߡ
õ񵶵ǰȻ߳
ѣҽĻûУ
һǰͻ˸ˡȻ΢һϽϾס˹һЦȭ
λϵܵѣλϵᣬ£иչˣȥھΰ̴ͷ֪ˣв֮һͷ
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˴˿溮ĿȻ񵶵ϣֻĿѵһָЦһ
Сɿ񵶹󣬱ڣҪؾǵģ֪ǷˣСһһˣҪȻĻȣȣ
ָЦŵ
ϲ㣬Сɶ٣Ҳ͸Щ̲ҲԶλϵͻ

ɫͻһ˿ЦݣЦԽչԽʣЦ


Ҳһ֪˵Щֹ˿̼һԼᵽ̲Ц󶨣Ϊ˲Ǹ磬ܵǰֹ֮ģȫ׵øɸɾһ֣ͳ붧ʮصԪģ͵ǰЦ
ֵܳ⣬Ҳò࣬յյ֮ѽЩƺȡɫ֮УҲԶ緽ŵĿˡ
ЦͻĿתϣͻ΢΢Ц
Ǹҵ𣿡
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ɾ⣬ɾ⣬ǧÿ㹻ʯׯ¥ȥһˡһͷֳϵЦ
֣ҹǼԵǶ٣»ѽ
۽͵Ƴһۣδ¶Цݵˣ˿洺磬ǻ˸ƵģﲻΪ֡
ǿ֣ӣü۽ǣ¶ͷﰵ
Ǵүٵϲ£һ߱Ź֣
⣬˳ȥһ
¼ȻͣҾͰˡ


һ䣬ּ죬ѽֻӵһסЦδ䣬һšһֻһҺһֻ֣δŵַһһšһ֮£Ӳֻסӵس
ȻӲ˿̿ҲͦסˣѪֱðҺһ˫۵ɵѪ죬һҧ۵ιȥˡ
һ岻˸̩ȻԵõϵİԣҲɫ䣬ûҰףȵ
ѣǸôһ̧ţƮһܵ࣬ӵϳͷߺȵѽֽеһסڳ
ֻѪܵĶƣѪһһεصڵϣϵɳʯȾһƬ죬ϾԴЦݣ
µĺͣҹֻðˣǻǻºˡһವأһ΢ֻϵİ붧ӣ˳ȥ
붧ȥʸ΢ݼ䣬ԣֻѴǰԼдԼ㶼޷㣬붧Ӵ﷢װлɵ󻹼
Ǿɥ֮£֪ôƣǰͻȻȥͻȻһƵģ붧ӾͻȻйƮƮιȥĿ񵶹ϡ


ȻûдŰԣɱȴԾԽѲ󣬴Ҳжʮˣָ֣Ҳ٣ַַɼֱûпû
˹һЦӻͳһֽĶֻϸϸ棬ϸϸս
ǱɫİԼһٶ΢ͻһһŵĹ󶼰ѳֲסˣ۵һֱϵĹ󣬴˿̾ڵϡ
˿̣֡ڻ˹΢ֶܵˣ˺Цǣ˿ϵЦǿʣǰȴµø
΢΢ЩվһԵ־ֹ֣ƽţ֪ΰơڽпھ֡ÿһʦҲ쵱
ԣ˿ȴ¶־µɫһ̧֣ͿԽ֮Ƶġ
΢Цֵ֮
λͷĺͣѰˣǷҲжأ
ǰһ󣬰һͻس̾һ˵
С飬ûпǰ˭ʵҲû뵽ǰͻȻ˷Ѿ֪ǰ˭ˣǰʲôԸֻ˵ǣ޲
ͻֳЦǼִ˿ȴĿ֪࣬ͷػ˵йĻ
˳ЦסȻ
ϳˣҲΪ㣬⻹Ҫ֮ڣԽ˵ǧ֮ѽǻδϻȾѪȵѣҪЩ
һ٣ֵ
Ҫݽھƥȥ̴ģ꣬ҲҪȥʲôֻܳ˵Ҷںɽļɽׯ̴ҪҪҪҶڼɽׯݡ
Ȼ˵ЩΨΨһ仰ҷǼֶϽһ⻰ҲϽͷȥ


ΪǴ˿̶֪˾Ȼµǧ֮µˣǧ˵ĻΥģֵֻǣоδ¶ٵǧ˿̺һ̬Լŵĵط˵ˡ
ֻ֣ɲʳԺԱߵֵ䣬־˹ȥǣƥͣǧǰȻ˿ȥ


ǧ΢΢һУֻԼƼƵģ֪ϣֱ˿֪˾˭Ҳ֪Լк⣬Ѳ³˱ضŹϵֶ֮ᣬֻϣƽĵҪ׽ס
Ϊ룬֪ƽŮ׽֮Ĳҿ

ǧĿĮǰƺǵɨһ£һûп壬ٿȻϣɿ죬ֱκԴʿݵġ
ֱ˵ƥһʧʱ򣬰Բ͸һ˵Ĺһϡ
ڳٴǰУֺֻڵԶǰˡ


˵ȷһ£Ȼھȴû˿̣ҧϣȽֻȻʹӣܾ÷ǳĽȴоⲢһֵĽ£ѲˣΪ˿ܿ
ֻһʹ඼ˣΪֹûж˵һ仰һʽûһۣȴˣȷ̫ʹЩ
ƥֳ۳һΣͻ·һת·˹ȥֻ·ԽԽȴԽԽ١
·ֻ˰յʱǰǸӣʱ죬ðź壬һӣ͸
ﾹҲһʯ̳ɵ··һţȥֻԼԼأ¶¥Ӱ
ԴھֵĺǽԾ֮¿˵ǼΪģоģǴ˿̡
޷³ΪҪԴԼ˵ԼŶ⣬ô鷳ֻҪһ̧֣ɽԼ˵Լ޶⣬ȴҲ򲻻Լ
žҽ٣¶ôȥ룬ʵִ˵£Ҳôȥ롣
ϣת̾˿
һǽҴ׷䣬ھѱϵȥˣҲ֪ѽ
һ֣ԽԽ˿̾ͣԭ˾µǰ棬ĿٴȻϣͻһУ漴
ǧ͵ǰһȥѪҺΪ֮סˡ
֮飬ȻǡϵжȥúɣƤֽķ棬岻֪ٱˣ˿ӹڶ飬˿Ҳûʡ
вһѣ䵽ֶϣôϵŮˣҲ֪
ɲ֮䣬ƽֻĵ۾ж۲ƺ˷ϣĵףϣֻƮƮأԺ˼ҲΪ֮ͣˡ



   Ǵ ھŻء֮ 

һ˲䣬ض·һɫĺɣƤֽϣҲƺմ˰߰ߵѪЩ壬ҲΪ尮˵ѪֻͬѲٰ壬ȴʼհǵġ


ʵܹĥѾˣ㹻ʹбһЩ֪ȱ˶ЩֻǶЩЩۣǵδĥȥҲδȴ飬ȻȻᣬȴȻȰǵġ
˿ϣǳŬ֧ԼŲ´ϵ
з紵ǧϵɫƮƮҲǧĵĲҳƮƮ
ĿΪֻ飬͵Ƶƺ߲ʵϣȴǧϾף˿̾Ƿһ˿ůЦ⡣


ůôпŵĶѽ̧ͷ¸ҵˣĿԣֻĿԭҲеģֻǣȴ޷˽оڱʾʲôѡ
ôϣԼܹü˵óΪ˿أ޲̱ܵõָָ֣飬ǣȴ޷ȳһܴʽ


Լҵ˼֪һޱǿľ磬ԵҲľдһǧĵ飬ԶԶϣϵ壬ҡҡҲ޷ԼΣۡأϵȥ
صһɲǣľУٿȻӳһӰҲƵشܵǰһոڵϵ鳭ϣһٿȻ´Ҳľ
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ǰӰһǧҲΪ֮䣬ЦһͻȻһҲƵС


Ŀ죬ȴҲ˿̵ı仯ŴӵĿɨֻľȻ֦Ҷ΢Ӱȴ죬ľӳе¥ҲȻĵش仯ȻͻȻ޴Ȼȴδܵ˿Ӱ졣


΢΢һϱʹĵطãȻһƬһбʣȲ֪Ӻζ಻֪ӺζȥЩȻеӰصĬĬس֮⣬ƺޱİ취롣
صţһصʯ飬޲˺ԼţʯȡԶԶ׵һȥ
ǵͼ׵ʱ˵ԶҪȥŹڡ
˿䲻ȥΪһвûʲôֵþ¡ȴҲãȻһƬڡҲǿտյʲôܹıģܹأ
ص̾ϢһãȻȷԼֻҪһĿܹ׷ѰģͻϾȫȥ׷ѰȻԾǧܾ࣬ĥһüͷ


𡱣ȻԺ̣ȴǷǳңԶˣΪ֪ɱˣһ£ǷݾñĸоȴбޱȳصĸԼ̴ĽЦƽ۲ʹݸЩ
Ȼһȴƺ˿ܹ󼰵ģôЩʲôıЩأ
˶֮⣬¿Ķˡ

֣ãȻ֮ԼҲ֪ԼõʲôطȥŴһֻص·ڣŷǰ·һҧֱǰߡ
µȴƲʹһƫһ·ȥֻ֮Уŭϳ壬͵һ뽫Լߵ·ϡ
֪ƥһ˻ȴ㱼ȥ巭ʰһʯͷֱۡһգƥȴߵԶˣʯܼɳѡ
ϵĳתԼҪߵ·˵ķһεõʤȻĶֽһƥѡ

ûɽȺ֮󣬴أɻƻתҹ
Բĺ֮УУƣͣʹȱǧأǣȴԼΪʲôƥϣӲԼǿɻʳķھӳһ
ӰӽˣĽŲҲˣߵſڣ̧ͷһϡдš򽭡֣󲽣˳ȥ


ҹнգȻ׶УʵǰѾ÷ڣߺȻһ죬ǰĺӣһΪصǮǰǮʰϣ׷ȥǴˣ֪ȴݺݵһֽۣǮ˹ȥƤײ˶ȥ
һ֪ΪʲôҪˣ֮䣬ȴȻд¶Щ죬ΪѰ˱ˣܵ˵죬ڱ˶̬ȣϡ
ƺδ뵽ǮŽԼôٲ򼢶ʹѽ
ת˼֣һĽ֪ƣͻڼ֮ϣΪܿؾ˯ˡ


ȵʱѴ޷ӵȺȴԿԭҹ֮أһм˿̯αȣеķߣеķе֦ڵΧ˸ȦӣѼţ




۾µȺͻȻһСյϣһԼͷ·Ҳһڵ꣬СĵشһĲȡһשͷطڵϴһСЩשͷѱ̻Ѭ÷ڣȻȴΪСĵذŪƵġ
֣꣬ȴ̧ͷҲһۣ΢Цһ£Ŀֻڣһ˫۾ȴȻ⣬ʹûһ˿ӡ
巭ȴִӲ棬ȡһЩɲ֦שͷɵС
һᣬˣȡһڼϣ˸СˮͰȥŪһͰˮ
ʱһЩŲˣһЩµĺӣҲͣ뿴꾿ŪʲôϷȴ޶ã̾˿ӻȡһС
岻Ҳվߵֻ࣬꼫ΪСĶشСľһֻͭƵ
ǲʼ²꾿ڸʲô֣Լļˣ۾˲Ҳ˲ֻͭϡ
ָֻͭŵǰϸؿۣȻ󻺻ڹˮ˸Уͭ˲ףڹϣҲΧǰȺһۡ
һ˶׳ĸˣ̲סĺģιһʵ
ˣڸʲôѽ
Ŀһ̧˸ǳı飬
˵۾Բˣӿڵ
ֻʺƣĨĨԼ۾ۣȵؽŵֻͭ
촽һƲƺҲмشĻص˵ͷ
ǣΧ۵ȺˣҪͭʲô
Ȼ˵ĻĺģʢˣԽ᲻뿪
һˮˣ˼ο֦ȻִӲȡ˸׳½˲Ҩ˳׹ġһڣȻ۾̾˿
ҪЩнͺˣûҲûйϵ
һӵСɬ߳ЩнһԲطĵϣߵúˣͷ˿ȥ
Ŀһתзһ˿Ц⣬нڹǷ˶ĸ̲ס˳ڰŵ
롭Ҳ֪ٷһǲǺóЩһˣ͵ǰΩ˼ҲҪӡ
һʮָ˵ӣǲ
νӹǰˣʮֲԸطŵ
֮󣬺˵ܲΣ͵ǰȲҲܾϴһͷ飬ЩһŽǿڴ
Ƭ̣Ũӹð˳
ǺǺˣһ澪̾شţ
ţζ㣬֪֪ͭһ˿ȥ
Цˣһ˲䣬ƺ˽⵽һЩ
ǾЩȥҪԶ޷õ㲻ȥҪ󣬷ܾװܾӣôҪ󲻵ĶͿԶ͵С
֪Ǿ֮ˣЩǲ˽⣬ֻǲԸ˽ѡ
ҲЦˣ˺Цӣ˴УһֿԻഫݵУУȴһθеġ
֣Ц
ҪҪͭɵձĸóԡ
Ȼ˵ĻãȻҡҡͷָָԼĶ죬ƺһָоǾǰ˵ԼһòɬҲ᲻


¶֮ɫƺǰӢ꣬ǸƵĲзϣĿתתͻسվߵǰ΢΢һЦı۰ߵǹԱߣָָԼ죬ָָ죬ָָǹһЦ


ǳı棬ȴкøУ˿̼Լ飬ȷȴһּԸԼѵӣ²ΪжҲ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ¶ϲɫһϵȥ
֪ҡҡͷָָгµȺĿһת֪⣬һЦ
ԭ̨Ըôǰ͡˵һ룬뵽ԷǸӣٿȻסĿ塣
ĿԣֻĿ֮Уƺ¶һԾε飬˵̼ԼвѪڣһѣסơ
֪һУ¿࣬˶裬ȻżõˣҲֹѡ
˿̼̬ȫԼ֮ˣֻҪ˶΢ЩȻϧһס֣ож


ȴ֪Ҳ֮ˣһ壬Ҳ֪شĵһݺøУ˿˫ֽգĿԣǳı棬һδͨȴһ˵ĸоѣһطƵġ


עͻüһЦɿס֣ļ򣬽ϵֶ˲ȻֳӣȴʢһֵķʳָЮסߣһ΢΢һЦ󲽣мȥϵǼשͷҪˡ


мϵȻϢЩ߹ʲ̯ڵ꣬ͱһݺ棬˿ָ̼һʢķ󲽶Уһȵѿڽг֪꾿Ǻ


һ书Ӵ˾书һȴʶúܣ˿̼־ָǾȣа̾˵֮£Ի֮أ糾֮УȶˣͿԼ꣬书˻ǲ顣
һ뵽ԼԼã̾һȴפͣţͷЦԼĿ֮Уֿı飬ҲΪ֮üһЦ󲽸˹ȥ
ôصȴȻ磬һҲûгӣȫܽں档
·ˣǣԾĿ⣬Ŀȴûп崩Ҳ֪Ҫʲôط֪˰Σȴߵˡ


֮أδͣԽԽ٣ϾҪˣñһ£üͷһ壬ȴһЦǰ˰ΣߵһϣͲ˫һţ»˸ȦӣЦ
һֻҰһƬУľ룬ȴӰΪ֮һЦлȥ١
꽫ŵʯϣŪʯͷһһ飬Ӳ֮УһһСֻĽ壬Сڹˣһףʱ
ͼգ˿ҲٿҲҨһףŵһ֮£ֻױȣƽζĪڴӡ
ףطףӲͳһƺ«οӣڣֵݸ塣
丵֮ƣδմ˿̽ӹƺ«һȴЦԼȻʱʫƺ«Ҳɣһڡ


Ǿ˿֮ʣһº˶ֻһʱڶɢ֮䣬ֻ£崺磬δȹƣڷھʱȴ˵ʺû֮˵ĺþƣȥǴ˿Լܵζ
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ﷴصʫҲ̲סӵϼһʯͷɽϣд
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Ʒ֪ɱ٣ٺһڡһֺ˿ھƣƬ̣ͬ죬ȴил꽫ƺ«Ůһ롣



ƽһκȾƣԵƵǲʤ˿ˣֻлģ޲в˫ɣĿһֻ̧һþƺ«һֺôţ˫ĿӣԸ߸衣


Ȼĸȴõϵı飬ֻĿӨȻɫ룬ͻȥеĺ«õһأҲܣһץ󣬾ͻطȻ֣꣬ػô౯֮¡
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ĺɫ٣Щˣ꣬ȴȻǹ̵ģʲôȴеѪأ



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Ǵɽȥʱ̫ѾȫȥˣߣϼѤȻһգ飬ȴǺȻġ
Ϊ˿֪زټįȻ֪
һŲһִļϣ˾ⶼδŲҲЩģȴߵü죬ֱ÷·иڱԼʹԼĽŲؿ
֪ȫԼϵһֵֻ书塣
Ҳ·Ҳ֪ãֻԽԽİûˣߵֻĵطϵȥЪ


֪Ŀһ̧ȴãĻɫУһ¥Ӱӣ˿ڣҲǴ¥ʲôطҲ¥˻᲻ڵҹһӣͿ첽˹ȥߵǰһǸˣԭǴ¥Ĵţǿŵġ


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ĺɫʱģ˿ȴЩ⣬˴Ժ䣬߽ȴĴβаܣıȻԼⴱһլ


һЦеĲصطһŰϣ֪͡һŷͻصȥһЦ룺ڴٱң滨̫࣬һصˡһԱߵһȥ


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괹ͷ˰Σѱǰַʰһνţ֪֮ôʵĺľνžȻѣ˫üһ壬˳һźľӣȫɢһľƬһľͷûС
ᣬȴᣬֺ֪ľӣԶʴģĿһתȻľǰҲֻĽӡأ絶䡣
һת˺󼸲ղǼӡƵӡǰһߣ̾һ
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תȴһļָָϵĽӡʳСķָֻһҡҡͷʮֵӡ
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üֳ˰Σͻغ𲼴һóһֻһۣȴʹǰһ


ֻϣĿתͻѿھŲ΢һܵŷǺľӺǽţĿ漴ȥֻǽϾǶߵ㺮⣬ųһǡ״
ǽһӳֻ߸ֶǶǽӰӳֻײ԰ףü˼


ҲЩӡͺǣȴ־Щ¸Լ޹أԼֺαذװ׻Խ棬΢΢һЦ˸ͷ˼ͻؿǰܵĴĽһͼԵüơ


˿಻˺ģĿȻǽϵĺǣҲûйȥкߵǽ


伫ȴԿǷϣľһƬ£ǧɣֳףȴһϹӣһȣһʿһǰڴŵӣϹʮ񣬾ȥ̽ǰ·һۿҪ̤գ׵ľ¡
⻭÷ǳϸ壬Ϲϵı鶼˳ֻ̣ϣϹһı飬Ҳ벻Լһ̤ȥ÷ǡ
忴˰ΣԽԽв̣뻭⻭ˣ˲̣һϹھ
֮ˣпȴԼ޲Լ뻭ȥϹһѡ


̾Ϣһתͷȥٿ֪Ŀ⶯ȴǽһСϣһīī֭δɣһϲҲլűī˹ȥһʯ⣬һëʣܵǰϹ󣬼һȥ


˰Σ


룬롭ѵɷҲˣϵģȴʲôأתĿһֻվԶԶģһֻʣǽϵһϻţһ˹ȥȴרעڻϻ˸꣬һֻ֣ȥץϹӵļ
δϰʾòףҲ껭Ŀ֮䣬мԼ


겻ʧһЦֻűʣҿǷһ˿ЦݣƺΪ⣬ڻߣһڳԶ±ʣ̾һȴȻվڻǰĿעûзࡣ
֪Զ˻ʣݶطһĿ߿ھҹз̶
һ̧ĿȥݶӰǼ߿ȴδֹ
֮£еڵϣ˫һţ𣬵ݶȥ֪
ͻشһʵЦЦ𴦷·ԶЦδֻǰһſѶһӰ

ǹǣ֮⽻ӳ֮£ֻĿΰͤȴһ˿ۣһҡһȣһŨ룬˽Ŀһɨ硣
а˺ÿ̧֡ĿȥȴĿԼͻӰشЦЦࡰˡ죬Ϊ֮һ˺Ĺ
ֻ壬ȴȻȫעǷϣûЦҲûпˣֻţ
Ҫܽ±ھˣһһȻǸжá޲Լǻ峤꣬һ֣⽭
Ǹߴߣ߽ЦУͻ˵
սɣ̨֪գܷ棿һһа⣺
ѵ˾սɡĿ̧ȴսЦͻĿ˲Ҳ˲ϣҲԼһۡԼĻҲشˡ
ֻսһҡȣָЦȴ࣬Ц
ԭǸ£üüǰһΪǹһ٣ĿǷһɨסͷ
ȴȻתͻһӵǰ֪Ǵ磬ȴϵŪˡ
Ȼһȵóۣʱ򣬴ſڣֶӰ˽ϸԴɫ
˿˼оѣعͷֻ߽ˣһĿĿӥһֻŪĽɭӡ
һ죬ֻͽΪЩҲû彣
ģȴǸСݸɵİӣһƤңռһ룬ֻĿޱȣʹӣðҲ޿Ц֮⡣
Ŀתһ˵ϣһΪȻֲ÷ֻֻӡؾµˡԭ˾Ǹӣвһֻգ·ȴ԰ȵúܡ
˵İֻ۾˵磬һϣ岻һĿȴһߴ͵ˣĿԼ
岻Ž֪ЩΪʲôԼȴԽԽһվԼǰֲĿȥǽϵĻ
䲻ϵãȴϵһչǰЦ
ҵ˭ԭǸֵܣһúܣһúܡ
ĺӣĿһתһüͷǼԸ꣬ȴֲòЦ
ԭ벻Ҳܵ
Сݸɵĺ´ۣͻЦ


λؾǰ˷ͯɣСŴһ벻ȴڴ˴ˡꡰ˵Ż۾ȴݶһַǱƤϣĿ֮š


ܵ꣬ǡͯӡ˳ģҲǴˣʮʮ£۾ѣûһ˱ȵ⡰ͯӡģֱֻ˿̻֪˶ѡ
˿һüСݸɵĺ˵
˵˵С¡
δˣĺȴЦ
λǡ׷ꡯǷɺ磬˳ƣϱ˫ɣϲˡ˵ˣλ׽׽
Ƿɺǿءߡһ
ʵɡֻ֣˲ϣСôȴ򵣵𡣡
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˻һҾ㶼һǷɺ䣬Ц棬ʵδ˵ǰѽ䱸֪⻰ǷִɣҲ֪Ƿɺ粻ưոݵġ
֪ǷɺվһۣŭȥĿ˲ﲻΪ֣ѵָ֣ʹ⡮׷ꡯη
ĿһתȴսɣĿʼû뿪壬˿ͻתӣ
ǰ֮ԼĪֿˡ
һǷɺ磬ǷɺһǸյӣ˴΢һףͻһǰһ幪һҾ
սɹһЦ嵱ͷһҾ


Сսɡ˳һָӣλǡɷеĪֵܡһָ㺺ӣλǡ𼦡һ䡣һָǷɺ磺λ׷ꡯĴ·ˣĿһ̧֪¸գɷ棿


Ŀ⶯ֻЩ߳彭ֵĲʿ˿̾幪񣬲Ϊ֮һǴ֮ˣ˿ȴҲŪЩ˵⣬أͷβЩ˵Ļ˿ԸΪãȻ
սһ䣬ȴǰȻһԲŨüһ壬ءȴѽӿЦ
λǱ壬սкμ̣С˵Ҳһ
׷ꡱ˫üһͻشһǡˡȻһ֪ǷɺһȹЦ
ԭǸӣսǰ֮Լ˿㲻ˡ֮УΪ⣬ȴֲһ
ȴսЦһ
˭˵㲻ãߵʼ޶ԵǰϸһͻؾҲһһǷɺ硢ĪϡĪһ䣬ݴ䣬ֻȴĿãȻʲôҲû


֣֪Щ˾ŪʲôΪʲôԼ񣬲̾һԼ˵ĻĿһꡪȴҲԼһĿãȻĿǾ֮ɫҲ׹С
׷ꡱǷɺЦ
սٺҲûã˹ǸӣѵսҪҸ˴𣿡
ĺǡɷеġɷĪϣ˿һԸŽ
ҿսֻǲ˹ִɣʵҶͬԴʲô²˵ġĿһתֵ֣˵ǣ
ǡ𼦡һһգ
Ķܣֻǽսɣǿɲɡ
սŨüһѵսзϲɡ
һǧ΢㣬˹ȥ΢вЮŵգͷսȥ


սɽѹµĹӰЦȴҲۿǧգѿѹͷϣ֪ԱͻȻһ⣬ͷһ㣬һͷһƫս˹ȥǰһ
һһĪ֣Ǹʲô
ɷĪ΢΢һЦֵĳһĨֽЦĪŭ¼ȲǶֿԽģƽ׻Щʲô
΢һӵϽǶһΣ˻ӣϻĿԣʣָָԼָָ⣬˼˵ǻ߰ɡ
΢һףڵĿĪֵܼһս˹ȥǿڴ󲼴ӣһЦ
λȻСǾ͸ˡں棬ȥ֪ǰһȴսҡȣԵŶԼǰԼȥ



   Ǵ ʮһءĶ 



尵̾һֻԼԽԽ棬ǰߴ͵ߣԼк⣬ȴʲһʱ֮䣬վְԼΪʲôáһнҪٵԼϵ£޷֪֪
Ŀһ飬̾һ


˵ʺգձǺգȴҲ˱컯Ūˣһ˹˸عһȴƫƫҪ༸޷ܵĥ˿˵Ļ޷ĸоȷ޷ܵˡ
һˣгƽ֮ǰһ߳
Сɾšսɡе쵱ĺӣֻǽһȴʧúܡ
סԼĻֻսݹȻΪ֮һ䣬ҡҡеȣҪеŭϨȥ
ǡ𼦡һȴЦֽղ֪ѽٺ٣ȴ֪ˡ
սɵĿȵ֪ʲô
һأԺٺЦǸû仰һ


սɣһ䣬׷Ƿɺ磬Īֵܾǽ۾һպĲʿ˿̶ضΪһΪش֮£մ˿̵侭һ綷ȴδȴйأôΪֶأ
ͷһȻ޷˽µ࣬ȴԲߣӦָľ档
ɿһеĲ΢΢һָ壬
ѿǸм֮ˣο޾𣬲֪סȥ·Ǻ⣿
ǡ֡ս΢΢һеȣԽҡԽѰ˼λشĻ֪𼦡һȴЦ
ýֵ֪λսסѣȴֵư
һһԼĶ䣬Ŀ⻺Щʿɨֻ׷ꡱǷɺЦĪֵܸ˼ǡ֡սȴЦ
ǣҪҵȵưӡһҡȣȷ紵Ȼе򣬻ҡҡ
Ǵ֮ˣ˿ȴԲһͷˮȴơơǡ𼦡һգߵǰЦ
˿ϰϰȫǴ粻µҪ˵ȤζĹ¸
һЦ
СȻªţȴҲŽϡ𼦰确𼦡һֻԵʶѣȻҪС˵£СȻϴ
𼦡һһЦĿбսһۣЦ
˵˵ͯĴþˣ֣֪˹Ȼ֮ܶ࣬ȴҲһ٣Ҳսһۣŵ


ǰλ֣˵Ľɫڽлʮ꣬书䲻Եȴãλȴе㲻ȻкЩѵưӣ֣뿴⣬˼Ӧأ
һЦĿֱע֡սϣֻһҡȣһȣȡһµӣ⡰𼦡һ˵Ĺ£Լ޹ء
ǡ𼦡һ۽ҲһۣأЦ


λֻģ˸ڣһЩҲҵһլȥ书вЩѳǽȺưӣ̴֪ãʱŷЩѣ书ûߣһ֣Ҳֻиɵ۵ķݶ޷˼ҵĺΡ
֡սɡ١ЦһתͷԺеǹ⣬аЦһ氵⣺


ԭ⡮֡սϵǿͷӣԲŽһȺӲժӲõġ𼦰ϴ󡮽𼦡һ䣬רſɺҩ׷ҵķưӡ׷ꡯǷɺ磬ͽϺڵְӲġɷеϴĶҵѽսҰĿ治С
ȴǡ𼦡ֵ


ĽһһǶˣУλֵҲȷӣ֪ѧһǡһĹЩƾ汾³ѣȻĸ֣Ҳܰô˭Ҳκβ˭Ӧˣ٣֣λģ
һ٣֪ԼǻһĻ޷˵ȥˣҡͷ²֪𼦡һӼúܣδ˵Ĵȣֽŵ
λ־Ȼ쿪Ū˸˼
ŶһϽӿʵʲô⣿
𼦡һһЦ
ȻǸֺӣǰȴҲ飬֪ǰЩټ鳼Լʵϣǲʱ򣬾ŪСӣǺͿҸʵ۵ʵĻʵۣȴԼ
٣һָֻ˵
Ʃ˵ܲ٣ֽɫȻһûеʵۣȴŪûʵĻ֣˵ͻʵʲô
΢һףԻȻ
ԭ⡮֡սԼɽϺڵȺ۵ġưӡŪ˳ٽԼЮ֣Юսõ治
ͷδת꣬ȴǡ𼦡һЦһȻ˵
˵λ֣ȻҲѧܲ٣ۼԼư˵ս֣Ӧͬһ£һҪиͳһеλȻ£ô˭أ
⡰𼦡һһ˵Żһ潫ҡҡȥӣһǡ֡սҡ˵̬͡һʧЦ˳

ս溮ˮأ⣬ǡ׷ꡱĪֵܣҲûЦݣֻһһЦ··Ϊ⣬Ц˼˵


˵˼ҼȻưӣȻҲ˼˵֮⣬ø޹صҾ˭أ˰죬ͻȻһīһ
һ٣һָǽǵǷֵ
ǷҲˣҿͻȻ˷ﶼе֣ΪҪŪԼĲŻ
ͻһ٣漴ֵ
Ŷ֣һ˸㣬λֲ书һŵúܣƽջϲд֣壬Լ͵Ĳˣ˵Լһ˫ֱɻ顣
һЦиȻȴһֵ


ǴҾʣ˻⣿»ʹװһµӣ˵ս߿ǵѣͺϵϹһֻ֪úܣԼΪԼĶȴ벻ԼѾһ̤գû˼ʱһѣҪɾȥˡ


˵⻰Ͱҵǽȥһǲ˼֪˵⸱īԱߣҪ˭ܰ⻭ϵϹӾһȣϼϼʣǵưӡ


һ̲סԵ˼֪ȴһ׽͵Ļ˵լĹլƽûҪ˴ЩǾ⣬ֵưӵġ


˵˼ȻҵլһӺܴܹһ⻭Ϲӵİ취˲Ӵ󣬻һǸȴʴȵˣǵưӣٺҲûˣ书ҲûʲôϵֻҪԽˣҲҪԼ֡
˵𼦡һ䳤˿׹е˿ȴѽµǰȫȻֻȴȻЩ֣Ѱ˼


⡮֡սɹȻǸ֮ţЩǧٹ֣δŵﵽԼЮĿģĪֵܣǷɺȴҲǴӣǼȻ³⡮֡սɵ⣬ȴӦأ
ȴһһֵ


⻰˵ƼеͿģӦǲӦ֪Щȴ˺ͬ˼ҲԼܲٵİϷ֮󣬾Ȼͽ»öˡһ˵һ۽бĪֵһۡ
һʣҲȻ
𼦡һĿת䣬һԽ˵
λּҶ飬Ȼ˵úܣ֪Щ˶ǽжֻҪǴӦˣ˾Ҳ⣬ֻҪһڣ㲻ĵġ


ֻһ˶´ΪȻֻҶӦԼҲ޷ԣʱһλһЧܲٵͻһ˫ƣլ棬ӽ߰˸װ彣ĺԭѼƻ꣬Ȼº֡
һЦ
ֻЩ˶ǹİɡȴһֵ


Щ˽֮λ־һˣǷӵĳ棬ֻҪǷϼʾ֪ͨҡЦһĿֵ֪֮λȥ©һţҲ벻Ƿ϶ʵˣǸߣ֣㿴¿ɻȤ

䣬ǡ֡սͻ쳤ЦŤͷĿȻһ䣬Ц֮ҲΪЦ
Ϸһֻ֪𼦡һһž˵ȴ֪ͷϵȴ
һ΢΢Ц
ңңٺ٣ֻ»Զɣ
֪֡սɵתͷȥһЦ
·λ˵˸£Ȥ˵𣿡
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Ȼϴ˵Żȴڰ˼⣺
˿ⲻҪ콭ϺڵˣµȷȤúܡĿһ壬ֻ컨壬Ȼһӣڳ˼

սɹһЦˢأе
ǰ˵ڸȴǰҲѧСˣҪ˵ĻҪˣڣĨǵ˵
𼦡һЦһӿڵ
ȴǰ˵ؾڣĨǵˡ
֡սɱǿغһͷҲ࣬˵


Ȼں˷ԽΪ裬Ҳ֪սУҲ˷һȫˡھ֡£ΰ̴ڽ߶鲼߱ʮʡĶʮ
ھ֡ķ־֣ȴмƾӿְӲ
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֪˻иθоȴڵݶ˼ȴ֪Լˣڲ֮󣬾ͿʼҪиشĸıˡ
֡սһų룬һЦӵ
ս˵񻰣ЩʦǣְӲ˵Щ˻һս¡΢٣бǡ𼦡һһֵۣ
һϣսҲẬǣֻ˶ڣԡھ֡ڽγһǿ


ʮǰ˱ʱкڰµɽկѣٹãڣ·ӣǳǧǰͣȴһһ嶼ܶھҲܱ̰٣ܱڣҲܱ֮ƣʮɴδ˷
ֻ⡮ھ֡ȴȫһףôһŪôϱƺֵڿ෹Բɡ
һЦ
ѵ㲻Ĳ𣿡룬ȴδ˵ȴǡ֡սֵ
һǣսɼΪһδӣԲŽǰĪ˫ԼҲ޷뽫зɢѾõһҲǡھ֡۸
Ŀֱ⡰ͯӡ͸һЦ
սǰ۲Ŵԣȷǳܼ
ǡ𼦡һһЦȻ
뵱֣κǿǲֺܲγ۲Ŵԣ˲ǺǡЦֵ
֣⻰ȷ˵ˡ
սһǲһۣһ۳룬ӵ
֪Ϸһ⣬ȴ˿⣬Ϸ£˵Īȱ޳ˣǰҲԣԱϷΪԼȫȻǴͬ⣬ֲϷǿҪвġ


֣߶һŵǧ𣬴ɷһԼȳ׷Ī˵ǲţڲԶѣǸϹӡ׳գԼҲܸĵģοȻƣȴòãϷ򴳵ʮ꣬۲ϹˣһȥλֱضӢڳˣˣҲ۽½ˡ
⡰֡ս϶ԣӣ˫Ŀƣˣ˿һȣЦһ
⡮֡սɾĻˣ˿̶Ҫưӣ⡪
һתȻ
ˣмЩת־ࡢ裬˿ֻᣬҺβƾͼƣִüһҲҽһ


⡰ͯӡ䴳ƾ˵ĻһݡϿǷѣЦӭˣʵȴ䣬ǵûѣʦȴҲδ֪
֪أһ壬ͶԵԵ֮ˣѣһѱȫȫ⣬١
˿תתȥ㶼Ϊ룬Ŀһֻ̧ǡ֡ս롰𼦡һ以ӣ˴˶޲ýԷһƴŶ˼һЦ˵


սǰ֪׿С۲ѣ˵ĻҲ޵СʶǳǾˣ޲֮أλȻСɣС֮СȻ׾ޣȴҲò˵仰ˡ
֡սɰһķָ
ͯ˿һȻǿڲűݣ壬ֵǣ֪Ʋм
ȴ𼦡һ
ʲôֻ˵ǡԡͯӡ˿ѴøУһΪԼ˵仰ġ
֪΢΢һЦȴ
Դ¶ԣСվսǰߵġ
˻һǡ𼦡һ䲻䣬֡սȴϲɫ
־˵ȥսȰˡ

һЦֵ
¼ȳɶ֣־ƣ鰴򷴻ڲãοʳˣػȣһΪмҲ˰㣬ˡơѨѣƲ֢֮
֡սһ۳룬
Ǹ֣ԵѨһʮ־ͨˣزѽѨ⿪أ
սǰ֪ѨģʵǷǳ֮ˣõҲǶַСģȴΪ
֡սЦ
᪻һϷְգ֮ϷպҪ跨һΣֻǡһЦֵ
ַż˵ôԼǶҪеˣ˵˵Ϸ峿Ҫｭش˾١
δˣǡ𼦡һͻؽһ٣ֽе
дǡĪֵܣ˲ʡ
ĪֵܶһۣĿһȴδ𻰣ǡ׷ꡱϺ磬˼ʲôҲûзԡ

˿δԶм䣬֡սͻһܶһԺ˳ȥ
ǿ磬˾ͻȻȵĪϼʣսȥߴӰȴʧںڰˡ
Ⱥиһ֪⡰֡սɴ˾پʲô⣿



   Ǵ ʮء 

𼦡һһ˫۾˲Ҳ˲⣬ɲ֮䣬ֻԶ֮һһڶؽδƬ̣ЩļָȻ
Ҵʱ֣ʼδκαʾġɷ֮Īϣ˿˫ü΢壬ֽĽ
λ֡սɣĪġ


֪δˣǡ֡սɵЦȴ̧ͷһֻҡȣȴһϾŰʮֻȥһ·һֻһֻȴ㶼Ϣضˡ
⡰֡սһſ˴ĿȻɨЦ
ҳ̸ЩȴеᣬϷһ֮£ͽɱˡЦͻһֵ
˭ҴϷ̸ߡһ̧ŵһ˽ЦֵЩǰ
аЦ֪⡰֡սɴ˿ָɣڿǼʵȴǡ𼦡


һǴӣ˿̸ѩŭ֮£䣬ĿתȴǰʮֻҲڵϣϰ˺۶ûУͷȴȫˣԼǱ֡սɵַˣ̾һ˴ǻĽ²˼ңսɾƬ֮ڣЩԼڽҾһļֻֻɱ֮ˣȷԼܼ뵽ǰԼ͡׷ꡱԼĪ˫ɷֶԸɷĪʩչɷԳΪԵİ롱ȴҲδռϷ磬ԼһҪǰ֮


⡰𼦡һȻ鱩ǿ߽ﲻɳӵĹǰ򲻿ϳԵģһˣڰȴеĻ˻ȥһ̧ͷݶҲѧӣǱüˡ
֡սЦһĹˣֵ
Ȼ˷ԣɶ֣սɴ˿̾Ȳμδֵưӡ塯ˡ
⡰֡սһ䣬һУеȣ֮󣬳΢嵱ͷһҾ

֪˿˼ӿ뵽Լһ֮е顢𡢶Թ뵽ǽݵᣬȴ̴ֵ壬뵽ĸסΰơ̴
ҵȫ¿̴꣬彫ˣұúúñǣ֪أȴΪʲôЩԵĶУΣ͵ܳи
뵽ɰԬ䣺ϱǼįúܣֻôలοˣȴҲûиһ֪Ҫôˣ
ǣʼƽ
Ҳôã£ҲûΪǸзϵ֮˶ңϵҲҺܺãȴûбǣΪڱϡ
ܾ裬꣬˿ȴһһػ˼ҶĺôһһԼΪԼ˼ҡ



һʱ֮䣬ֻصھֵĺԺ̴ůС˿̷·У·ֿŮʱͷԼԹһƳַ·صģʯӵ·ϣɪɪҶ죬ǣԬС֣һЦţһȴ˵Щ˵¡
ǡ֡սɵһҾûпս̧ͷһԿ飬һ漴Цعͷȥǡ׷ꡱĪֵܵزμ
ȴǡ׷ꡱɿһ
¹Ȼѳɶ֣սȴһ¡
֡սɡɫһʲô
׷ꡱǷɺһЦ
սսȻ޳ɣĪֵ޳ɣ˿޷֮⣬СôȻ޻˵ֻǡ
һٻĿ΢ɨֻ֡սϣȻ¶㵵ɫڼڵȴԼģ΢΢һЦָָվԱߵ壬Ц
ֻսȴ˼ԼǷҲ޳ɴأ

˻һ֡սΪ֮һҲһ
һ֮ȴѿǸж´Ӧ£򲻻ϵġ


һɣһûûŵ꣬ȻΪֵưӣƽƣתĿһֻ̧ǡ𼦡һ¶ɫĪֵȻĿĮ޶ԣֻսȴѽʵ
ֻ֣һʵ࣬ʶְɣɷԱʴڣһʣ
ѶЦ


ˣֻҪСһʱ֪һļͷ嶸Ȼһǻű˺ֻܵԼǰΧЩ֪ˣԼ̱֪ѣָֻŵԼơ
˽ЩƵ˼ָֻ̯ƣֻȭҾơвΪ֣һתĿһֻÿ˶ĿԼ


һãȻɫвЦʵЩƵ˼ԼҲֻ֪ƫ֮ˣ֪裬ϣüһԸǽֵưӣԴ˿ЩƣֻҪһͷ±ɳɹ
ԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽȻһָһָϵĲа⣺ǷҪҪЩԣתĿһҡҡͷ
𼦡һһϲ֡սȴ䣬ȻҡͷҲһȴҲɫת˼תԿڽ͵
ڡ


֪ȴͻصͷԭ˼ӿʲô¶ˣ˿һֱ˿֪ġ֪һָǿڲ𷽲ǹͭɵ;Щˣѱ㲻סͷ̲סЦ뵽űӵĹߴȥнӣЦø
˿Ц
λǹִúܣСͰ죬ŴӦˡ
𼦡һغһһ٣ߵſڣȻǰһ֡սѵǰ
ûвμưӵˣ˭Ҳ뿪
𼦡һ˫Ŀһţֻһŭֱأȴ֪⡰֡ս֮УĿԣţΣһǿŭתһתͷ
ҽСˣ㻹˭ưȥЦһߵǰ˫ȭһһҾ


һŤӣȥ֪ǡ𼦡һһҾ֮ͻ˫ȭشϣһ㣬εܣһеս徢ճš֡սɲһ֮ʱӳ⡣һţҲƵش˳ȥ


𼦡һ֣£ȫһֹٽҺ÷һŤһûлϣȫһһɲǼ·Ϊ֮Ҳֱ˳ȥ
ǶѽȼԶԶ䵽Ľһ
⡰𼦡һ䣬ȡšɡ𣬼ͬһɲз֡սɴһһ֮׷˳ȥ
ǡ𼦡һΣʮɿ⣬һֺʿ֮죬˵ľˡ


֡սȫ׷ٿȻʮ䣬ӳ˰ɣȴȻһξ룬ս֪Լ׷£һת뵽Ȼ֪Σǡ׷ꡱڴ˿кξٶôԼǰ
һˣ˻ȥһ˴ֻڹ߻Ӱûˣֻһ󲼴һȻڵϡ
֮£漴һЦͻ̧ͷȵ£
ס֮ϣԾһӰۡһڵϣϺͷϵĳûģ͹վڡ֡սǰҲеūżӵһ
֡սɱ֪Щ˵ȥˡ

¿ګګش𲻳ԭڳ϶һһҹž˯ˣֱսɴһȣŽѹ
֡սŨüһ壬Ŀ֮Уɱ˲Ҳ˲صϣֻ䣬亹ֱͨȥСˡû
֡սһ
ЩϣáƣͷȥֻƣȫסزȴҲҶ㡣
֪֡սƵ;ͻطȥ˻ֺ
һ죬ȥЪЪɡֵ岻ãЩûȥԣԺͲ᳣˯ˡ
¼ԼĶ䣬һڵߵ˼ͷʰǶмȥˡ


֪֡Ǹ֮ţŭ𣬵ת֮䣬뵽ˣɱкãȥˣԺصЧԼһɰҵ۾ˣֻսһ˶ѡ
˼ΣЦ
ӹϷģߡߵǷǰǷϸؾĿһתٿ֮ǰȻվһˣǡ׷ꡱǷɺ硣
һ֡ս֮⣬һ߳أ
׷ꡱϺޱ飬һۣ߳һ
֡սŭȴֻðסֻͷأȴߵ÷ɿ죬żⶼմһ㡣
˸һԲ˰Σǡ׷ꡱͻ
ĪֵǾתģĶȻмպĪҪ˵ʲôҲ˼
⡰׷ꡱͷҲأȻ˵⼸仰֡սɲд󶯣ȴȻװ޶Եӵأأ
׷ꡱһ
ĪֵܵĻȻ޹أǡߣҪ֪ɷֵˣʵȴҲڸ֮
֡սвΪ֮һ˰Σ̲ס
ָ֮أ֮Уζһɨա
׷ꡱ²ͣȴ
֮㣬һһ۵İ֣ͬģܶϽ𣬡֡սɴһѵͿһʱ𣿡
֡սһǰ


ǣǣֵʵСнύ֮⣬ֻڶѣ˿ּ˵ǿ۽½ˡʵ⡰׷ꡱ˵һ仰ʱѿ⣬ֻǸֱ˿̲Ȼϲޱȵ
׷ꡱͻͣ½ŲһԲսĿһתֻ֣žžžѶԻƣǷɺĿһ˿ϲɫ漴˵


ƲأֻƾĪֵˣȴβ֮սҲ̫콫ҲҪ˵Ƶһʱ˵ıʾǵ˵ӣսٽҲ٣򡪡ߡ
Цһƣ絶˸¡Сƣһֵ
취ˡ
֡սͷһݣ
Ƿɺֶ֮ݣĳ֮֮ϣպȥĪҪҲĵȴЦ
֮ƣ徣ֻҲˣСһպҪʱͽ̲ǡ
׷ꡱ΢΢һЦȻתǰߣȴ
սıϿǸֱӣ˵Ҳúܣʵʲô˭Ҳ֪˳Ǹ̫պúöԸ˵ͻֽҳȥ

Ȼиתͷȴ죬˰ΣսֻǰһƬ֮У䷿ӣ˿̴ڵƻӫӫյôֽһƬƣ֪Īֵܴ֮ˡ
׷ꡱȻ׵


ˡμӿ죬ٿȻ䣬ӵǶǰһƣ˽ȥڣֻӭһϣ˯أԻŵ壬֮ݣڴ࣬Īֵȴһ͵ƣһ׿ƣһҩ˴㵹
֡սɺ͡׷ꡱ߽ûһ˻ͷһۡ
֡սɱǿغһһܵǰͻȻһѶĪŵĽҩҲһһЦ
ҩε˲һֻϵǣѱ˺¶Ѿϸߵָһü
֪ͷûУҲĪһۡ
Īһ󣬰һٿ˺üɫһԲغͷһǡ׷ꡱǷɺݵϣԷһֵЦݡ
Цһаһ죬ߡ
֪ͷδת꣬ͻشһɭЦһĿʮֱһһ˵
˭ǡɷеϴ壬ͳͳҹ
֮£ȻˣֻһȣĿ绨Ůӣһַſվſڣһ˫Ŀ֮У¶ļµĺÿɨ
֮ˣ˵֮⣬˵ǵеһȸ֣ȴûһ֪ŮǺʱӺζģ



   Ǵ ʮءҷ 



ŮȻȣò绨˵ǽ࣬κ˼ŮӣӦη֮ģ˵ȴޱȣÿÿ֮Уһ֦ɷĪֵ֣仰֪أͷͻһݣҲһе͵ƣҲѳֲסֱϡ
սĿ΢תطһյۿѽڵϵ͵ƳҡҡϨδϨսһУƽƽȵؽƻָӫȻ
а̾һսɵĳֹȻþˣ̧ĿȥֻǵŶľŮӣԴһ˿Ц⣬һ˫ˮĿ⣬עսϣֵ
˭ɾǱɷ
սɹһЦתĿȻŮһɨ
˭ǡɷȻزʶѰˣкιɣĿ⶯ббĪֵһۣԹְۣи̾һ


սɲ书ˣȷǳܼôһδ˵ȴ켺˭ǱɷеϴŮӡ֪սһŮ֮棬֪˱ضͷʹ²Ը֮⣬ȵŮһʣʵԼͷϣݣȻ˵ʾĻҲƲ˵˭ǱɷôǺεĽɫ΢תһЦ赭д˵⼸仰ѸŮԼ֮ˣҲ˭Ҫ֮ˣɫȴǲǱ׼׼Ͻǡ
ֻͷǴһ۱Կƣ׷Īֵ඼ĪϡĪаһŭȴֲΪ֣Լͬ
ŮҵزʶԩѰңΪʲô
Ŀ̧ȴŮӱĿ⣬ȻƵԼϣĪ˫ü΢壬һͦ󲽿ǰһ


ֵܱĪϣ֪ѰңΪź£ɷĪ̧һֻսЦЦԼڰڨЦԼʧֵ͵֮£ﲻԼٹŮӵη֮ģøɸɾһͦ
ŮӣֵزʶҹҸʲôҪ֪
ŮһЦͻһӣĪֻǰһŮӱվԼǰ죬书Ǿ˼չζδһ٣ĻҲ˵ȥ
սתǹһЦ
λĪ˫кιڣ˵Ϸսɡ֪δˣŮͻ߳
ʲôҲҵ¡һͷĿǷɺսһɨ΢̧һֵָ
ͳͳҳȥ
Ƿɺ硢ɫһ䣬ȴսԹЦ


һߣպԳȥв֪֮ˣµ˹ȴЩ㣬οС䣬λֵܣȴд²ǹܹ֮֮ȥ
ǷɺаһսɹȻֻϺꡣ
Ŀһת𻰣֪ȴѳ𣬹Ц
ֻҪսԸȥСɸνˡ֣˵ǣ
Ƿɺɫ֮䣬ޱ飬ȴ
ȻֻҪսִͷұ̳ȥսܹˣ׷Ƿɺ޹ϵˡ
һЦǣǡ


̧ͷһֻŮӵһ˫ˮ˫֮ͫУ¶֮ɫһЦŮǱ֮ĹϵŪͿˡֻҲ벻ͬһ䶷еˣϵ˸ӡͯɣ£һ£ǲµһҲ


֪սɣȻǷɺ磬ǽмʢŮҲǵ֣ԭΪЩ˼ȻĪֵͬһңһضĪֵһֶԸԼеλĪ˵֪Լ˭֪Լ˭Ҳؾʹһߵģǲ֪Щ֮ĸϵ˿̼²棬һʱ֮䣬סˡ



˿䶷֮У˶вͬ˼Ƿɺ
Ů죬ضͷսϼ޻ԸǴˣֺο˻ˮοɷ޽飬ǵҰֹϵûС
ȴа⣺
ս⣬ȴƫƫݣ˿ϵı飬ǺÿúܣλҵҪŪˣͷ߳ȥת
ֻˣҲ뿪ǳȴΪͶһһŮӺĪֵ֮ܶʣ
Īֵи


Ů죬书ǼߣѹЩһﶼԸֵǣǺҽȴ涼ûмˣֵܶҪ취Ըһϣպ˵ȥɷɨأ
սȴЦһ


Ƿɺ緽һΪˣ˿̾ͺСһＷңΪ򲻻ᵱͷ߳ӣߺߣȴƫƫҪ߳ȥǿպȻ˵ȥҲսɻһͷشµŮӡ
ЩͷڸоһսһЦ͵ƣŵϣͷЦּ˵ô
ɷĪ˫üһͻȻӿڵ
ս֡־㶼سȥֵܳȥĺã˵صط̫СҲʩչһ䣬ȥ
ǾŮ΢һЦ
ϲȥҲδɡ
ĪԴǰУ˿ͻפʵ
ҵȾкγޣ˵Ҳ
ŮЦӿڵ
ɷ̰ɫ׼ȥˡߣʲôޡ
ɷĪһ˫ü߳
ʲôδˣͻ˫һȴҲƵشܳȥսɵͺһֻʮǣǰӹǾŮϡ


ͬһɲĪǶӳ⣬һӣǵ䣬⡰ɷµġ롱˵ķͬСɣֶ˷ʱȺ󣬵ǰֻƣȴֲȺ
ǾŮüһۣỬߣ԰̾һÿĿ⶯ȴʮδЪ˿̾ػڴϣأδѵϡ
֮£ѿڶǡ롱ԻͲǺεȾ˵ٶȣĪ˵˿ԶԶվԱߣվԶϴ˿̽ЩҲ޷ʮһס
ۼͲʮһڡ롱ҪһϣȻҲ޷ܵ𣬺ο书ƽ˿̸δѣʮһǻϣ²䳲һ㡣
ս´󾪣һˡѴ˹ȥ


֪ŮĿ⶯ɫһ䣬ѿڽеԭ㡣һ֮УٿȻһۣŵΣͻǰһӣ΢̧ƣ˫һȦʮڵǰ뾹Ҳͻת˸ͶǾŮӡһ˫֮Уţ˺۱ټ


ȫˣ֮ԼҲƲס顱˵ϣֻԼܱʮԿһ֪ȻԷѣɻ䣬ȴ֮ˣ˿̵ȵȴѽ֮⡣
֪о֮УЩ벻ûлϣȴҲδԼϣзһ㶣ߵս׷ڣ


вһ㵣΢һŤȥֻս׷겢ĿڴǾŮӣ֮ɫǾŮȴڴͷĿ˲Ҳ˲ϣϾҲ֮ɫ
һб仯ڵʱȷͬһɲǼ䷢֪ЩֵָĶӦǿ磬ǳܹġ


˿һжͻȫסˣսɡǷɺ磬һҲڵأǾŮӣǾŮȴҲһڵأȴڴڴϵ壬˴УȽֻǱ˴оԭͬѡ
սɡǷɺţΣԼͬһ
¿ӣ
֪ŮȴҲһ
㣬ôսɡǷɺ粻һ㶣ȴŮӻתͷ˵
ܵʲôˣôܵˣǵʲôˣΪʲôҪƴ˵ͷ仰ʱĿսɡǷɺˣ䣬仰ȴ˵ºޱȣĿҲתϡ
ȥֻ֮ڹķڡľŮĿ֮У˿֮̾⣬в棡
Ȼǻۣ쳣ˣȴǸ꣬书ּƽȴµŹϵ֪
Աʴڣ֮ʱδԼӰһ˵˵أ
˿̣ǴΪ֣㶵Ǵ

սĿһת˹ŮӵͷһҾЦ
ǲ֪¾ǰӣȴҲ֪ӾֵܵѣǴˮǸǸ
ǾŮͻһ㵣
硭Ŀ⾪ֵһɨתͷȥ壬԰˵
Ůǲç֮УΩһܵõǡڡķڣʮ˳۲µӰࡣ


ӣʮĿڡ롱ԭأɷеɷĪ֮󣬻صĴϣΪ˯ŵ壬кް֮ģ֪һǲ壬֮Уʱ޿̲ӱŵˣֻھ֮У˵Ѩӳȥ


ʱɫа˱ڻУ֮ûУмսȴҲ޿κΡȵ˽⿪ѨʱѾȫˣ书ˣǸ˼ƣ˰һ裬ȴֱ϶ߡʹӱܣֿ޷ֿ֮ˣָǺεȽɫָðһ渴ӵĹ£ֻԼ˵Ҳ޷֪ѡ


ӰȻ书Դȴǲ񣬶η壬֮ҹԼ䵽ϣʳ֪ζ޲ϯʱʱԹذԼʲôʱܲľأֻȴԼҲ޷𸴣ֻð죬˿Щȥ


֮⣬ҵ壬ȴȫΪ˴Ѳѵ书ţԵĺӣ֪أȻЩֻ˺ããҵһƬƼ˺Ʈأ

ҹ֮Уǰһ䷿ӣҹʱ򣬻еƹ⣬Щ֣˹ȥתԼѽ࣬˿䵽³Ļ˼ҵ¡


һˣٿȻסΣתȥ֪Ŀ⶯ȴͻéľŰ֮ϣһ׷ͼǣ֮⣬ббŰϣͼǾһ߽֮ǣвһԭɷתɷĪ䵽Ǹϡҧ룬ֻȴҲ벻޴ѰҲé棬벻徹ɡ磬
˿֮Уɽ㵵վڴǰĪֵܶˣȥ˴ϸ˼ۣһ̾
˵ôأֻͷˡ
սɹһЦȡ²ڱȣˢչ˿ҡҡһЦ䲻ᣬֻ˶ѣ䲻ţ߹֮ˣְգֻܷĺˡ


΢΢һЦӻͳһĨĨϵĺ飬һҡ΢వ±仯治ǿԤϵõģҳμʱֻǸ꣬벻µӣЩ硣

΢٣תЦ
ɲԸң̶̼ʲôǽֵúܣᣬͷŵıɱȻ졣
΢һ񣬳Σ𻰣֪ĿתͻӰһδڣ߳һ
ǻûѽۣƮƮֻǰһʧȥټ
սһҡȣߵſڣҹɫ΢һƬ֮ɫУӰȥ
һЦعͷ
Īֵ˵ǻЩͷˣѿߣȴܻ˷λŮħͷУֻ¡ߺߣĿһתüֵ
ҹ֮Уǰһ䷿ӣҹʱ򣬻еƹ⣬Щ֣˹ȥתԼѽ࣬˿䵽³Ļ˼ҵ¡


һˣٿȻסΣתȥ֪Ŀ⶯ȴͻéľŰ֮ϣһ׷ͼǣ֮⣬ббŰϣͼǾһ߽֮ǣвһԭɷתɷĪ䵽Ǹϡҧ룬ֻȴҲ벻޴ѰҲé棬벻徹ɡ磬
˿֮Уɽ㵵վڴǰĪֵܶˣȥ˴ϸ˼ۣһ̾
˵ôأֻͷˡ

սɹһЦȡ²ڱȣˢչ˿ҡҡһЦ䲻ᣬֻ˶ѣ䲻ţ߹֮ˣְգֻܷĺˡ


΢΢һЦӻͳһĨĨϵĺ飬һҡ΢వ±仯治ǿԤϵõģҳμʱֻǸ꣬벻µӣЩ硣
΢٣תЦ
ɲԸң̶̼ʲôǽֵúܣᣬͷŵıɱȻ졣
΢һ񣬳Σ𻰣֪ĿתͻӰһδڣ߳һ
ǻûѽۣƮƮֻǰһʧȥټ
սһҡȣߵſڣҹɫ΢һƬ֮ɫУӰȥ
һЦعͷ
Īֵ˵ǻЩͷˣѿߣȴܻ˷λŮħͷУֻ¡ߺߣĿһתüֵ
֣֪֪ǺĺλŮħͷʶ
׷ȻӿڵֻҲ֪ɡ

䣬ͻӰһһתĿȥֻӰྐྵ˽ϾȻ֮ɫһתعϷţͻַһӣһݣϵ͵ƱӦֶ


ǰһһ㶣ֻһɭĿЦ⣬һһֵ˵벻ɣ㣬ʵֺο˿ӱܣӵĺǣѵһҲ㡣𴦣·ںԶ˵һʱֻ÷š顱һ죬һӰҶǵȵ仰˵ʱȴȥúԶо֮ţӺǴҶӰȴߵò֪ȥˡ

ѷ࣬ȴ԰úܣ˴˰ΣУ˼ңɽ֪ô¡
սɸɿһ֣ɴŻӣҵȷˣĿѷտɱȣ֣ᣬɿ˵𣿡
ֻһ̾ûлشսɵĻ׷ȴߵԣϵ͵ƵˣֻǴ˿̳֣͵ȻȴԶҹ֮ʱˡ



   Ǵ ʮĻءø 



һ紵ֻ΢к⣬תȥֻŶŰ壬һһҵصڵϣŻ֮ϣӡһӡˮϸһ֪˾ľŰ壬öԴ˿Ű֮ϵģǸƶ
˵Լ¾δͣŻǽŰǼΪأ˽δֻͣӳһƣȴѽصŰֹףָּˣ¶Ϊ֮Ȼ
Ŀתս֮ɫĿһת׷ǷɺһûӣеĻȴ΢΢ţ˿Ȼδ˵ȴԼͬ˵
˭˾˵书иԾ²ѡ
ֻലһ죬һ壬תȥߵǰȴ˽ʱ壬˿̾ſ
һϲѿڵ


ˡһЦ֪Ƿѵ壬Էһ˿ЦݣǶδ˵ǵЦݣȴΪʣ֣һѾЦתȴҲ²ЦΪʲô


ȻأţˡˡǼ򵥵ĸ֣ȴһ֣֮ΪϵˣôĸֶԣǶôأ
ˡϲذţ۾һɲǣĸֱһ㣬ңԶĿռʣƮ
˿ԺʲôҲ룬ʲôҲԸ룬ֻڷĬţ
ˡˡ·˫ֱȥҲԺתţԽתԽ죬ֱһƬ硣
ҡһ̾
˹ȥֵǡ
սһҡȣӿڵ
һѣľЦ


˾Ǵˣδ˵꣬սɱ֪Ҫ˵ʲôǸǾȴ˭Ҳû뵽š𼦡һȫһ佫ˣȴҲǽ¹ʿĶѨý⿪룬ַ˼֮£ȷǻԵɣɵԲսܹԤϵˡ
׷Ƿɺȴʼڴ£˿ͻ˵
˿콫ҵȺȥδӣսдɣ
Ŀһתӿڵ
ۺȥδӣҲȽֵҽòǣ΢٣һЦֵ
˿ǽֵưӣ˲κãսǶֵ棬з
սüһЦоֹõȣֿʼҡһЦ
ǣǣҵȺȥδӣƣǸκõģֻǡһˢȣһָӵ
Ʒᣬ˼֮أִɷģƣֻܰСϣսĳȻţȴҲҵڼֵܵþø˵ġ
üһЦ
սɣ̨Ȼ˵СҲĵúܣ˼ȷǾ֮أҵȺȥδӣȫƾսַԸˡ

սɫ΢΢һ䣬˲չһЦ׷
֮ôȵý͵һڣƣһͬôҲμμе֮⣬ɷˣ
׷Ȼľޱ飬


սָ߼Сһǰݷģᡭ֮أȻսֵġçɽׯѣս־ͽΣҲҪЩǱͬһôҲٲãС֮Ͷ¶ɣʱȥȴδҲø·Ӣ۱֮¡
սɹЦ
ǣǣ¶¶ѣĿһתͻͷһҾ
һҵȰֽ࣬սĳмϵϵڼֵ֪ܵҲָġ
΢΢һЦ
սˡȴڰ˼⣺
սĴ˿̱ضҪˣպ֣ҲЩٺ٣̴ֻȴδ
ֻսɹȻЦֵ
ĺҰףңڵúܣСܽһˣ֣ʵںյĺܣպԵҲֺܲ󳾣һοͣЦɽˮ񲻿գ񲻿ա
չȣ͵ȣ쳤Цӿֵ
ڽôСҲЩִݣɽģˮպټСܶҪֶ̻Щʱ
һЦȴһɫ˵


սС޵ݵúܣʵСܲǸˣǸˣƽϲ֮£ǿ֣ս˵С֮ԵܣΪЦɽˮʵȴΪҪЩֿ˿νֵưӣǽֺܹһãͬǺεȷ֮£Ī˵С£С£Ҳ򲻿ϴģսСܸܵβֵġçɽׯȥ۹۹⡭һ٣һЦֵ
սСȴҲٲҪƤںġ


ӣϲ˵Ż۾ȴʼ˲Ҳ˲սϣֻһ󣬰һеȣȸͣµһŨ룬˿˿Ʈ˰ΣǿЦһ
˵ﻰԭͯӣǹٱׯСӭ֮˵Ǽˡȴڰ޲ýͯһƻǰ
Ц
Сܾ͹ˡ˫һվڴǰҲһԣȴֲ⣺
սɵǸȻѽҺйǣȴһ˿ɫҲ¶ȷѵõĺܡ
Ŀһתֻǡ׷ꡱһޱ飬Уȫϲŭֵһ㡣
սһҡǿЦһ̧һ⣬
һϯ̸֪֮Ȱף˿쾹ѽճ֮ʱˣ֣ǷҲˣ


׷ǷɺȻ΢һףߵǰ˻ȡһ˳һɡϣ֪һ棬㡰һһ𻨣ͻֱֳʮɣڿǡһƻ𻨣Ȼɢƺ̣𣬾þ÷ɢһƬ̡
̾һ
ѹԽϡ׷ꡯ֮ɡɾ£δ͵ֻź̻һ֮;ǳܼˡ


̷ɢͻһ֮⣬㽥ͣס֮䣬һоװеľ¸һң߰䲻һ֮䣬ȴ㶼ýޱȣһڣ׷ꡱ񣬴ֲɫ֮䣬Ȼ쳣Ŀһֻ⡰׷ꡱǷɺһޱ飬Ŀ֮УȴԼԼд˲Ϊ١
սɹһЦ
ҵǰػȴԭĵ֣źһָ׷ľ㽭ϣ֮ʯΪȴȷ
׷ꡱɫһ
ֻǡ㡯һսֵĵǣҲ
δˣȻһ֮⣬ȻֹԼϵʿΪ
һЦ


֣ǸȦףҲ֪жӢۺȦ֮Уս׷ˣ֣⽭ǮףǡزῴأȴⲻΪۣ֮Ƭ֮䣬˻ͬĶԸң˿ȴѻ༥˲ž߾㶼ͬЭضСֻȾͻ¼ɣٺ٣Ǿͳɲˡ


ͷδת꣬һоװеıδЩӲһɫ£ĸ߰ȫһͬһģһ㣬һڣͻߺһˡع򵽵ϣһ壬ʮӹµʱ̣ûһаֲβġ
սһЦ΢һ̧֣ʮ󺺱ͬһɲվԼս֮ϣԶ׷֮ϡ
ǷɺһЦ
ѹս£˵ģƾµЩ֣԰ˡ˵ȴ⽫ĿԶԶ⡣

սͻһ䣬ԹһǷɺ磬˲Ц
ǼǼС֮ڽڷԣȫЩֵܣçç֮Уʵµģ֮⣬¡һЦ΢٣Խ˵ˡ
̧ȥֻ⡰׷ꡱǷɺ˿Ŀ֮ϣתףɰת죬ĿиҪݺݵսϵۣһԲص׶ȥ
ͯΪ֮һЦ


սɲ书Զʤ׷꣬ۿڽ֮Ϭ˸Ƿɺ֮ϣǷɺעˡԭ⡰׷ꡱ䲻ʵ书ȴԶʢ֮£֮ڽгȫʸе߼ԵԻ갵ѣս㰵мȵҪѿ׷ĵ
ս״ЦĿȴȫЦ⣬Ƿɺ米ӰһЦٿȻ٣תߵ崲ǰ׳˼Σͻس
׼ϵЩ׳ȻӦһ˳⣬ӱŸֶǷɺ˹ȥͣǷɺ΢΢ƮǣƺҲʲô¡

ǣⴺյ峿㶸ȻüžЩҵľӣĬؽĿ⣬Ѳ˳⡪
ֱһĳƺ޾ڵؼžʱЩµֺͣŴӳ˼


ֻ壬˿ȴڻ֮Уһĵӣʹ꣬ýκشĴοǡ𼦡һǵһȫΪʱתһ£ֻ´˿ѻˡ
£תһҡԡ磬޷׺˼֮ٴſ
ƺꥲĳôңԶȴôſۣתŵĻƣɽԶԶһ̶ĹӰеݡ
Ƿһ˿οЦݣҪ֤ʵԼǹ¶ҲδʱܷһԼѵףһѹ˵һֶİοѽ
ȻƤȻôأȴŬزԼصƤŹеݣԼ
ţƺһӼңԶĵطȻû˵ʲôˣȴΪ֮ϲܹһֶôĸоѽ
ѾһƳƳ÷·޷ӣ޷κʵĸоСȴһ㾲ţΪʲôҲʲôҲ˵
˿̣ŵȴֿʼ
Ϊܹˣ
ûκһܹ˿̵ϲҲûκһ֣ܹ˿̵Цݡ
δĲпᣬҲδԹ컯Ĳƽ˿̣ȴظмţڸмŶΪпˡ
ǣԶ䣬ҲԶԹģֻ֪мˣǵҲԶȱ˿֡
һڽϵϣ񳵣ԵǷЦݣΪ֮ϲ
ѹˣ
ȵѾӵ壬Ȼ⶯촽΢˵
֡ѹˣ˵Ļˡ
Ȼ΢ȴʹñѿϲŵӳһԼʵġ

ڣϲش


ܹ˵ˣܹ˵ˡΪѵ˶ϲΪѵĲҶбȻͬȴͬһݶôΰѽѹЩǻ۵ˣһµİ룬һ뱭İ׾ƣңߵİƣ޸п˵֮⣬ûһ޴̵õˡ
̽սɵͷĿ⣬ɨǵЦݣƺЩ˵
ܹ˵𣿡
ϲŵ˵ͷսɴһ
ô£ѵ˵еѨһһ𿪣ˣҲи̾˵ˡ
һɻƳǱʧԼĳɳ



   Ǵ ʮء𶯽 



ϵĴ죬ú磬ȥȴܳ١ˮߵǧ˿Ȼ˿˿ֱŵӣҲȻڲԱ̵ĳο·ȥػӱߵĽϸ裬ҹϢڵ㳵δ飻¥ԶŵٸţݺĪ֦䡣޿ֺʿ˿ȴڷĽϵϣһ𾪽ֵĴ¡
֪ս֣𼦣Ƿɺ磬Īֵ⼸λҳһλǵưӣ٣ǽＸʮûеѽӣֵˡ
ģƾսɣһЩɫ˭ιϸ磬֪֪λҪưӵˣôһλѽ
ֵҲʮֻ˵λᣬҲô󣬱ôֵҿҲ̫ˡ
ģ⵹ˣֵϳ¶ģûһѽ⵹˭أֵ֪ģ˵ˣӣҲûӢѽ
⵹ã㿴ߺǰүӶµӢûУдľλģʲôǹ޵СʹһԻνһǹ书ȫӲӡ


Ϲϸ磬ɾͲˣүӶ⡮ӢסǶʮǰ֣ǡǹ޵Сֵܣʮʮǰֵǵ棬üλͷһġ
Ŷԭô¡
ֵûǿӵϵˣҲܵǽưѽ
ϸ磬ˣҲǴӵϹѽ˵ôһ죬ҲܵϽϵưأ
ˣ˰ɣ
˵ģҪ֪λһλ¶һ죬սֵçɽׯȥƾˣ˵ʢᣬѽϺֵֶˣΪľǶԸ
ιϸ磬㻹̰ɣˣǿɾͳԲˣö

ǽϵϣ۳ңӰ˿Ƶ֣㶼ǵçɽׯȥμⳡʢᣬݼλصưӵġ
ң˿ȣһ£һʵĹϹ̣ϮˣⷽСС񣬾ͳ˵ˡ
ƥĳ̽ڽԶĲݵϣżȻͷһڽϵݣҡ´ñľװ󺺣µĹϹԣ;еƬ
ʱ֣·ϵˣأƮɢŵɢݵգ⼸װ󺺣ţ۾߷ŵģǴŽɫϣһڡ

ء
·ľͷһ󱼳۵֮£ֻƥڣȻԡ
µľװһɵɫǱ˴ţ˭
ǵ⣬ۼ˴𰸣⼸ƥ۵нʿ¬һ˻һȻֹ
µĴ󺺲аһ
̧֣Ŀȥֻƥϣһһ΢΢Щڵ꺺ӣɷһ־ӡ
ͬһ˸ȧĿӥ澫֮ɫִ־ȥ΢½Ʒ粻֮ױȡ


µĴԻһۣתĿƥϣģһŮһɫĽ¿㣬ͷ˿Ҳһ˿һţһˮﲨ΢ɨȺɽʧɫһȥŮ޲ɷ̬֮Уȴִ߷Ȼַĸ߻̬֮
Ƕƺ΢ŤˢԾߵŮǰЦݣʵҪЪЪ
ŮﲨһתȴĶһۣ΢΢ҡ׵
ˣǻƽ򼸸·ϳԾˡ
὿࣬糤еķݺȴһڴ⾩Ƭӡ
ƺӺЦӦһ΢һšܵϹԣͳһصӣɡһڵϣ
ϵģϺõĹϹȫ¨Ӹүװϡ
Ůü򭣬ֻһۣ˵
廹Ƣ



˾λòȫһҲȫͬĿݺӣľȻûκα飬Ŀ磬ȴתŮĻɫȻ˿κǹƵġ
µľװ󺺣ݺӣɫȴΪ֮Ȼһ䣬һۣԴͷȥȡߵδϣͷĿҲһۡ
Ƭ֮䣬Ƕƺ˹Ϲƥ־ȥ
µĴ󺺣ʱŸ̧ͷȴԼͬسһ³ڿŨı׳ӣĿǵĺӰ
ȻׯϣھѾ֣ߣ㿴ǿ񵶹Ƿݿ񾢣ǡ󻹸λҵʱѵѵ
һ󺺰е´ñͷһһ
񵶹ͰС˵νλȷֵúܣǸС椶ȴ֪˭
һ˫üһһǱߵļƥһ
ҿСǰ˳ɾŮӼȻֵ߽ҲԴˣ治֪ׯʲô⣬ŪôСӳưӣ죬ŪЦŹ֣
Ũ󺺡ߡһ


ׯ⣬ҲܰҿСǵëˡ΢ץסһƥԾȥֵھֵ˼Ȼ٣Ҳòȥˣǿׯȥɣ˫һУ޶ȥ
ֻʣǷϹСأվ£ЩԶȥӰسһͻسϵĵӣһȥֻЩװûп˿̵ѡ

絽ƻ裬·ֺʿһһһ澫֮ɫԼöǲгĺʿ
壬֪֪Լôɧأ
ˣһ˫̨ͭϵ֧򣬽һ䲼õü侫µ鷿ӳʮ
֧ббǰϣĿע˫̨ĬĬ¡
һۣͻس˵


֣ܾЩף˿̾ԽԽҵҲԽˣһõˣܵôصĵӣ̾һ΢΢䶯һԼŵƣ˫üΪ֮һ壬ֵ


οܵˣֱ˿δȬ֣ʾȴǸˣһڽˣ֪ž书ʿʵ̫ˣҪôˣ书ѧһֵ䣬ҪӢ۳Ц
΢΢һЦһԲվڷлŲӡ
ֻüֵ


οֺγ֪սɵģ֮Ҫưӣ֪ǸõˣԱȥĿܣպҪʲôΥ֮£ֵΣ֣ʱ֪Щ鷳
̾һٿȻֹԼĻ΢΢һЦ
֪أԴѨǡ֮Ҿϲ˵ܹ˵Ļ˵ȷǼʹ£ȥһ
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ཻ֣ʱǳһ֮Уȴֻôһѡ
΢һӿڵ̨֮⣬Ͱ£ҲһΪˡ
΢Цһ£˲ɫ
Ҽཻѹ֪ģһ仰˵ȴں˵ɡ
Ŀһֻ̧˵ǡ



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һȴֵ
սɴ˾٣ȻǱоģֺγܽƾͼƣᣬ£츣ֵ
΢٣ֻ建Ŀ⣬ֽ˵
֣֮ʣԶ֮϶ֻ࣬Լ֪ѣ˷ʣڹֵǫǾ̫ϧˡ
ĬĬתĿ⣬ս»ֽ˻ȥ֪ҹѸˡ
Ҿôأ
Լ¡λ£˿ĻᣬȴֲЩӡ
Ϊ̫ĥʹʧȥԭеţһ˶İţδԼĻᣬκ£ֻĬĬ˳ӣδйء
ǣ˿̣ԼΪԼһʱδΪ֮岻ˡ
ĿעϣãȻͷƶûиıһ£г̾һ
ʲôܹأɱһֻǿʨӣ˿ȴһֻѡ

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̾Ϣ˳ȥһ氵иԼ
ȵ̫ʱ취ɣⴺϣʨӶʹʨأ
ԭʮľ鷿˿̾ͱøΪľˣľ岻оһޱѿļį
ͥԺ΢¹˵кɵСС
ôزҲŮ
վ߳ţߵͥԺ
ҹ¹ϣϲΣȰģȻ˿һݵ
ǾסĵطçɽׯľĺԺһľĲսƺ⽫һ˸ǰõǰԺһͷ
Ժһʯ̳ɵС·У¹Сϣʯ˸ʯ
ʰһ飬ַ˳ȥԸ̾Լһ֮࣬ȴֲԸ̾Լһ֮档
Ϥף㿪ʼԺз
ֻԺӵĽһССľţ˹ȥĿ⶯вΪ֮һ£ѿھȫ˹ȥǰװ󺺵塣
죬¹ֱֻŤ쵹ڵϣֽĵѳһ룬ص⣬磬ߵǰһĿ֮ϣǾ֮ɫһ̽ȴȥ

ķ磬ůĸ۲ϣȴһ㤵ĺ⣬ʬ˰Σͻһתܻط
֪
һתĿ⶯ȴһӰվԼ


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Ŀ⶯ǰҲվһӰ
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ٴ󣬴˿Ҳ˸սĿɿһԼǰ󣬾վһӰòȫһϵ飬ȻҲȫͬľȻûκα飡

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ֻٽޱȵľ޴ֻɿݵצһһ֮£ľӦֶѡ
ǿݺϵļҲ΢΢ǣһ£о룡
ĿݺӴ˿Ѵ򿪽ţ΢һ죬룡
롱֣֮䣬ǷԾģаֻ˵ζֻһɺ⣬ɽŵסּ˸սվȵĺм䣬֪Ǻá
ݺӵĵĿ⣬ĵ磬˲Ҳ˲ϣʹһڤظĸоԼѪҺһתѰ˼
˾˭˾Ǻ⣿زʶ޳ԣΪʲôҳΪʲô
Ȼ޷õЩĽ𣬵ˣȴ֪Լ˸ǳȥ֮⣬Ҳûбİ취
һҧݣ߳⣬һСϪȥˮϪһƬ֣Ϊ
ݺӣһǰһ࣬ţԼ֮޷ˡ



   Ǵ ʮء 

ߵֽǰǰеĿݺӣͻػعͷ
¾ǽνưӵɣʮ˵ߵͣȻޱ仯ʱڤ
һԺһͷ


Ҳ֪ҵ֣ѵսɵĶͷǰӺңĿֻ̧ݺǵĿ֮УȻ֮⣬вΪ֮һϴ£һת




ѽ壬ѵѾʧȥյѵѱһֻ̾ų򣬽Ҫɱ˵ȶӡ̬֮һˣ֮УָѪڣһͦţ˵
壬֪λ٣кμ̣˿ѽ֮£ȫȻ֮⣬Աη֮ģη̬֮˿̱Ҳһɨա
ǰеĿݺӳĿ΢΢Ťһ£ǾȻһ˿ɭЦ⣬˵
ᣬȴѽҪΪֺʿĿףǿϲɺصúܡ˵šϲɺء֮Уȴɭĺ⣬а˺ϲ˼
΢٣廹δü𻰣ȴ΢һУ˵
ϴ㻹μμδֵưӡ
δˣֻǰһԶԶԼһݺӣͻȻԼǰף˵
ᣬȴѽҪΪֺʿףǿϲɺصúܡĿһתһݺӣֵ
ʵӦòμμλδֵưӡ
ǰǿݺ˵Ļһֲ©˵һ飬岻Ϊ֮һ㶣֪ľȻûκαĹŪʲô顣
Ծɽȴ⡰ϴĿԻתԼϣֵ
˵ֵˣԶΪľҪλѹֺʿưӣǺε
һݺȻӵ
һ¹ȻӢ˻˵ۻеĺϲֻǹάȴȫȻûһ˿仯˵ʲô˼᲻طһԵĺ⡣
ȻǴ֮ˣ˿̶˵⣬ȴҲΪ֮ãȻҲ֪λش˼ҵĻ
ǡϴǹŵɭЦ⣬ͻһɫԽ˵


ľ⽫΢΢٣Ŀһ壬ȴϣδ⡰ľֶ֮⣬вΪ֣ѵδҵ֣Ա㲻ηңбֽ˵


ľȴһҪ̣´˷ֿ߽ף֪Ƿ񱻽ͬѡģ˿ѱȻη˵֮Ҳǰͻö࣬ȴ֪˽ֺľ֣Զ⽭Ŷɫ֣Ҳ˿ûη̬֮
Ϊ֮һȴһݺһЦݣ˵
亮һҪ̣´˷ֿ߽ףǱѡôǸµһҵʹеӢۺʿķڷҲӹǵͬ⣿
尵г̾һ
ʵֺγͬ¡ګګأ˵
ֻľ亮ˣЦһ˫һ΢һ̧ͷĿ㶼ϣȴȻ˵
ֵ֮¿Щ𸴣Ҳҵôٺ٣Щΰݸ¡



һ紵ֻԼ֮ϣȺأǷȴһƬ˰Σ޲˿վԼߣԼش˵ĻְԼ౿׾һʱ֮䣬г߲֮⣬
ѽ壬㼼ˣƾʲôҪֵĿףֵ˼һ㡣


ԼΪֱ֮ˣ˿ֻ뵽Լʵڲưӣȴδ뵽ƾʲôԼֻȴŭ֮⣬г̾һŴ˵֪ľĿͻһȻֵ
¼ȻԸشֵܶ˵ĻΪҵ䲻Ϻδֵư˵ˡ
亮ԻĿ⣬
ʵҲ̫ߣֵܶˣȻȷֿףǿͷӣȴȸδɣ֪ߵضȴҪƤţԷΪưӵ֪Ӷʤһ
彣üһŭ
ʲôưӵλӣǿʮϣȴδȴΪңѵʲôطǲɣ
亮ûĻƵģͻתͷȥ
ϴⲻ֪ߣضĿͽ˵ľʲôľͷȥ˼״سΣ
㣬Ϊζ˵ǰĻ
亮ĿһתȻ壬
Ƿ·˵ĻΪôҪͽͽˡ
ԼͲӦưӣһ֮Уܱ˵˿̲ŭǣüŭ
زʶҹ֮У˵أϷŪңΪʲôߺߣȻģȴź֮˵һת˻ȥ
֪Ųƶ벽ǰһʵľ亮񣬾ֲ絲סȥ·֮죬Ʈ磬֪ǵζġ
Ųٴŭ
һѣȴͯһ㣬Ȳ˵⣬˿ȴסҵȥ·ǾҪô롪
亮ЦһضĻ
ֵܷĻЩ𸴣ߺߣֻ¸Ҫһˡ
ľ񲻽һüͷʵ
˼Ҵ˿ǽֵưӣһȴʲô
亮һЦ
һҪĵظȥˡ



ľˣһĸͨ˿˵һһڳ˫һ㣬ʱ˵ޱȣʱȴϷʵ׽Ǿ߽ģֵ֪֮ܶѲ⣬ڽѴ˫ľ˭дüͷֻ˽ִδ˶˵Щƹʣ˿ֻ˿Ѽȴ֪ԼħͷΣѡ
üŭȵ
Ҹ㣬ҵ书Ȳʹֺʿķ˼ҲûѡưӣԼҲԸȴƫƫ˷ҪɣҪǿۺ죬С
亮һЦٶȽضĻ˵
¼Ȼ˵Ǻüˣǡһٻת׵ϴҲǽˣ޲޳λǵưأ
ľһȻҡҡͷ
е㲻Ը⡣
亮ôָôأ
ľҡҡͷôôأҲ֪
亮һ˿Ц
㲻Ը⣬ҲԸ⣬ȴ˷ҪɣȷʵЩѰ죬ҿϴֻаŪˡ
ƽҲȻȫ޸ߵͶٴ죬˵йһ˵֮£ȴ˵żҳһ˵Уûκμֵ
һݣ֪ľͻزסҡ˵
ҲЩס
亮ģ
ľ˼ᣬͽ˼Ū̫ϧЩ𣿡
亮ôֵأ

ľ˼Σͻ˵
ֵŪ㣬㿴ôأҿ㣬ǳˣҪưӣֵҲͲҪŪˡ
ȻԸⱻսãưӣ˿ľĻȴһͦţȵ
㲻˵˻ұһҪưӣ˵⻰ҽȴǷǵˡ˫һֿ֣ˣм䴩ȥ֪֮ӲȻ羫֡
аһ˲ȴľһЦ
ֵܽܶ˵ƿ벽ôҵֶ˲ø»ȥϢҵ˸ʽνưӵʱҵֶ˱ضǰأ򡪡ߣ


һֹԼĻ⡰˫ľеĿľϴ󣬵ȷΪʢַԴļ֪书ƽ书ֵ֣ưȴ޷ֶ书Īĸо˿̷˵ֻΪ֪ƶԼεĿܡ
巽һ֮£ֺγ֪Լƿˣֱȥʯ䣬ȴ£½üдһ˫ƣֵȥ


ƴ²Ϊ֮һԭ˷Ȼֵܶ˵ټ羫֣޻һ㣬ȴ˿û֮Լѽȫע˫ϣõ˼ϣȴʯ󺣣һ˿ӦûУ̧ĿһֵֻܶˣȻľޱ飬ҲûаԳӡ
һ֮£ƣƴ˼һɲǣ˫ľϣͻشһһ˫ס
֮£ȺֱͦǰƵΪ֮
֪ǹ֮䣬ּǿ嵫Լһ˫ֱۣȻں¯ԼȫҲ𽥼ǿһһֵȥ
ԽǿԽ˫ȶƮƮأվ޷վȣұ֮ϣʹǣԻȡļ룬Լϡ
֪ұ۵ƣδȬ򾪿ֺͷߺޣȥ˱ϵʹ˿һиоʹĹǡ
ľɭĿ⣬޶Եϡת˵
ؼνֿ׵ֵܶվŵζ޷ƶߺߣҿưӲҲա
΢٣ĿһתĿ֮ϣʹ֮ɫ֪Լġʹܵޱȵʹ࣬Ц


ҼҶȻƢΪЩľȴʴ֮ˣۼʹ࣬ʵĲ̣ʵֻҪٲ浱ư֮ģұ̷Ÿ»ȥֻëǵζ治ѽ
һ̾һ˵ڶȴһ㡣
ȴȻҧǿ˵ĵĻɱҪʮ
亮Цһ£
ϴȵܣ϶ֺοˣɡδˣԼ˫ִٿȻΪԼȫҲѡ
Ȼ֮䣬һһȣ֮䣬ȥ򱶣弤˸սȫǽڽ֮·˲һ֧룬ֱκο̣Ҫʹǧ򱶣ȴȻҧţȻ֪ԼҲܶˡ
亹һһεĶţȫʼסزҲΪ֮սĿ⣬ȴȻηصֵܵϣǸǣ
Ȼʹ࣬ȴ޷ʹࡣȻܹɱҪ˵ĵĻȴҲ룡
˫ľ಻аһӲĺӡȴ³ȥ֮ģҲˡ
߹Ƭ̣з԰һˡǰ·ͷѹʱвӹһԵıΪ֮Ȼ۾а


䣬ǲ֪Ҳˡ̾Ϣţǿ꣬ηǾԼһ˶̴ٶƽûһֵܹԼ£ȴֻ֪һǣ㹻԰ˡ
ĿǣǷ˵Ķ飬Զ޷ǰƺַӵӰһöʩ룬ʹЩȺˣȴȫȻûм

֮ǰĸоʮܵİɣ䵱ϧĶ̴٣͵˵صʱ
ȻȰȴҲΪĬĬ
֪
һЦһޱȵʵ˵


壬壬ڸ˭ѽǷԾҿˣһ治֪ܵˡ̾Ϣһֵ羰ãСϪ֣Ǳ߻һСţʱҿ˼дһ䡰Сˮ˼ҡҾ֣СţˮУʲôֵģ֪ϵСˮֲݵѽ壬Ȼܵˡ
⽿˵Цֵ̣ɵ˵һף彫ҪԵǣȴΪ֮һ壬ŬŤͷȥ
Ŀ⶯ֻȻվһŮͷɽΪüˮΪĿҹ磬֫һ˫ĵ۾Ťͷ壬ȴͻسһѿڵ㣡
⽿Σһӳ統رһԺһѣܵʹ඼ˡ
һɲǼ䣬ĿԵУض·ɫСϪеˮٶ˸ŵȺ˸һ濾£ҲʧȥԭеĹˡ
ΪУ֮⣬ʲôҲУ֮⣬Ҳġ
µƳƳı룬ʹ࣬ʹ˼ĿԵһɲǣҲ˲ǶôĶѽ
ľ亮һۣһ˿˵
ϵ
ŮȴûǵĻһ˫ﲨ˲Ҳ˲ϡ
嵫ѹһɣشȫĹǽڣҲȫɢҲֲ֧סԼҪڵϣǣȴ漣֧סˡ
ΪŮһ˫ﲨ֮У·һܹޱΪһ۾Ըһʹ࣬ҲԾһʹ࣬һĵ롢䡢衢ʧˣΪΪ
ʱʱ̻̿Ҳʱʱ̻̿Լ̴

¹⣬еĻƽӳϣƶŽŲһһ壬˵
㣬㣬㡣Ҳ¹һᣬξӨᣬĿ绨̣
ᣬʱҲǱʾ̫ϲ



   Ǵ ʮ߻ءɻ 

¹⣬̴ӰӣڵϣǣӰӣƶĽŲǵĽϣϡ


ȣȴǲŵģȻΪǡ˫ľеĿľʩʹ˼ʴ޷վԼΣȴҲΪһͻȻԼŵϲúҸʹһűǻģΪ֮
о̴ӰӣǵĵطԽԽ
Ҳ̴ܿ绨̣ԼԽԽ⽿̣ģ˫Уҩĵΰ΢磬ȽȽԼĻ
ǣȴ˫ȥӭΪһΣֻҪԼ΢ƶһΣὫⳡҸĻξ顣
ˮ˿ôϸᣬԶԶƮΪҹɫһ˿⡣
磬Ҳһشţǡ˫ľеĿľϴĿϣһԵ졣
𣬽Ʒ裬ȻǵȴȻǱֱӲģֻֻȻŹʵ۾ڻƶţ̴̣۾̴ִ̣۾
һ˫ľȻûκα飬Ҳûκеħͷ˿Ŀ֮УȴȻطЩеĲ
ֵذ
ϵ⸱ӣѵĿתȴ̴̡һϡ

ħͷԼͬؿе߳ݶδκƣֻ֮ҲƵ˹ȥ
̴ƶŽŲԽеĲΣҲͼԽ
ģᣬԣԵۣĿУѰԼ⣬ֺγǡ
̡һ뽫Լ΢΢ŵʴǵһ̣Ѿãã˫ۣȻ
֪

һ߳һ΢硣


ֻǰӰһľ亮񣬱ѵԼǰһŤһɲг֮ܰŮʹ۵Ṧһƣߡ
һմ棬ȴӻ⡰ľ񡱵ǰһ˫ĵﲨУֵɣ˵
壬壬Ǹ𣿡
ľĿһת亮һۣͻһתֻƣƽƽϡ
ʹ循ֵģĹͻȻ赲ԼǰֻԼͻʩɷ֣ۿǵֻƣԼ˫硢ۣȴ֮ûУ˵
ֻ֪ƣ˿̻ԼϣԼȻҲᱻ飬ϵһߵʱδȴģȴԼ֮£̴
ǣһ۶ܹΪ֮䣬űɽˣҲֻó̾ű۾


˻һƣٶҲ֮䣬⡰ľ֣ǻƣԸˣģԻ˼룬ǻƵһɲǣУӹ⼸ͷǵƽƽƽϣǡϵʱ
̴Խһֳһ˵
壬壬ôѽǡ
亮񡰺ߡһعһۣ
߿Щ
ľȴ΢΢һ˿Цݣع˵
Ѿͷ㼱ʲôҪСʮҲˡ


̴һתĿȥֻ˫Ŀź飬Ȳ֪⡰˫ľĹϵ֪ΪʲôɰΣһŤƹֵܵӵࡣ
ȴ亮˵
վԶЩûУ
ľӿڵ
ķȻǿ֧ţʵܵǲᣬֻҪЩ𶯣˵Ҫһغˡ
̴Ȼһ䣬̺ձʱò԰ףûѪɫŵ
壬ΪʲôҪôأ𣿡
ľһЦ
㼸ʱѣ

̴һ˫üᣬס˵
ôأƣȥĨϵĺ飬֪ľͻ߳һ
Ѿͷ㿴ûУڸʲô
̴ﲨһת˰Σ̾һ˺˿ѿֵΪˣȴֲʮȷֻýԱߣϣܹԼ˵һ仰
ʱ䣬ڽŵ÷⻺
¹֮£ֻľľȻĿ˿̾ʮأֻǰصƣͻһָ΢Եһת彩ŵΣΪ֮һתֻݵƣı
˿ֻĹ֮У·ֲԴԼϣʱ΢ʱŨԼĺԼš
ȫȻ书֮ȴǴ֮ˣһת


˴˿ΪѵΪȴֺʲôϵأ֪׺̴һɳ̴ϵõˣҲһϵã˿̼ʮϤԼһ֮Уȴδ֮棬Ȼ֡
ȴ֪һ֮УȻ֮£̴֮棬ȴҲδ֮

ԼĪֹյʱ̣ǿľͻȻһǰң紩
ֻݵƣתŵΣϵϻ
ɲ֮䣬ֻԼҲֻƵĻݰתֵǣԼϱ֮ǵʹһһ֮С
վԱע̴˿ֵ̼ĶȴΪ֮ϲõصͺһһŽЦ̣͵͵ա


ңֱĸ۰ŵŮ书֪ʶȻԶ֮ϣ˿ѾֵʩĶǲϧԼҵԪ֮Ϊ򿪻һ˴СѨ


ô巽ȻЩˣֵλһıƳѪʮ죬˱Ȭʮ֮˾ţ˿ٴǲϧѨ棬ʱ׽ǣԪ̡
ϣ˵Ѽܿɹ󣬺ο˷ãġ˫ľ

Ȼ֪Լˣ̴ȴѲΪ֮ȸԾˡ


һ˫ˮ۾ϲõŵӰתģȴҲϲöת¹⣬ɫϣ磬ɫǣʹⱾ˵Ůһֳ
ء
߳


ŵӰȻ٣̴һ΢㣬סҡҡ׹壬СĵؽϣĿ⶯ֻǣһ˿̩Цݣǰ۾˿ȴǽŵģһκ飬¡
ͳһȥϵĺ飬֪öãͻվģǿվ
΢̾һתͷľվ󣬿߲ʵı塣
˿ȴҲ֪Ҳ̺飬ֻҪ飬Ƕôѵѽ

һɲԼһԼΪĳ߶ˣԼҲ뿪˴ȸߵˣϣܹҵΪԼߵ塣
˺ããҪãã˺УĿȥѰһˣǶôѽȻʧˣ뿪ĳɽҰ
죬ûߵϵʱġ˫ľ

˼ţٴ̧ͷľ亮ȻҲվǰм΢Цһ£˵
塢壬治֪ллǣΪҡ
ʹֵľȻ޶ԵĿҲʼһ˿е
亮һ˫ü
֣ôϵ֪֪ҪϺڵưˣ
̴Ϊ֮һ㶣۾ôģԼĶ䣬ȴ亮ֵ


ưӣЩƾٳԵģҺȻûн飬Ϊ㣬Բصذҹ̹֪ܽܽλҪưӵ֣书ҲᡪһٿȻֹԼĻ
̴ȴѱ㵵˵


ԭ塢ľʶΪԭ˵ǡǶô֣ôҪưأһԾڵϣɫ֮䣬ѱȷŰ࣬ţźйɵš
ĵ̾˿ȴ亮ֵ
ʮ㼣δһ벻ΪѾͷȴ˶¡Ĺ˾Ȼ̾һֵ
Σְκˣʲôܺ˵ɣ̴΢΢һ죬ͷһŮ±˼Ҳ͸ʱɬģȴҲġ
̧ͷʱǰȴֻʣ¡һƬյԶľ΢ȶ裬ˮ¹˸վǰֵܣ˿ȴѲ֪ȥˡ

ر˼һֻĹԼϴԽԽ죬ȴø̩
һκﶼ޷ݣκֶ޷ĸо޷ָ֪о
һֻͣԼӣƮأƺƶˣҲģȴƲûֻ֧֣ǲԸʹѡ
ȥ̴֪ţ֪֣ΪԼöϵĺ飬ȴ۾һ¡


Ϊ˿̣ڵĺѪҺһַĸоָоǰЩʹĸоЩƣϸζȴȫͬȻ֪һôʹһȫûϰڼɵ꣬һ൱ˡ붼¡ȴϸذָоԼѪͨתš
ڡ
һֹƽ
ſ̴װ࣬һббشڵϣаָỮŵϵɳʯһֻȴһͷϣָ΢һСС


ĿעԶӲȥʯɵıӣԵֱͦݣ¹ӳұߵıݣγһӰӰбб䣬΢΢̵ӣҲصӰ

Ĵҹҹɣɵ˼˼ŵˡ
һУγһֲ󼰵ʹ弸ȥȥݰֻǴš
ǣȴȻعͷ峺΢㯵Ŀ⣬һעӵϣŤһԼŵƱ˱䣬øЩȻ˵
ʲôʮȷ֪Լԭ˵ʲôһ˵Ļߣȴһ䶼˵֮Ŀĵ˵仰
̴΢棬Ӱͷ¶㷢͵˵


룬ˣֵĶЩ飬ȴúܣʲô¶ܴƩҵɣ֮£˭֪˼Ҽ壬ȴ֪˼ҡĳ̾һתͷֵ


һЩأ˶˵ᡢĺݵħͷʵȴҲģ֪֪ղˣͷʹħͷǶңȴôã£˵Ǿ֪ˡ
˵ôᣬ红е߽⾲ĴҹƮš
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Ϊ֮һ죬
̫ˣһ͵͵ߣҲ˼һ˼ҡͷĻҲ˵
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ľһֵܵ䣬
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亮ϲõЦˣӿڵ
磬֪֪ʱҲڿ㣬Ҳ˵֥ӿһԡ

ֵӰУ򽭺ħͷֵܶ˶õЦˣֻЦУȴִЩ꣬ΪȥӣԶȥ˶ҲԶḴˡ
ľ΢Цţ˵
벻ô磬ͷӡ
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磬ʲô̾ģйôһҸӣЩ쵽ֻ֪Ĵǿö࣬ʱҿǣʱȴֲʹǣ޲ýһҵ¡
ľȴڴ⣬һƬ¹£̴ֻԽԽ¹½ϳһӰӡ
˼Цˣݵָһָ
㿴һԣǵӰӣԸ˽Գɾ
ľĴҹľҰУˣ̲õУر׳


ֻǴ˿Ұˣ˵Ļ˭ҲûϵЦݣ˭Ҳûп˿еΣöþͻƽʱǻһӣٲ֪ǻôһ۵£֪ǻ顣
Ǹпϵ֮СϪԻŵ̴亮ͻ΢Цһµ磬²¿˵ʲô
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Ǻǰ˵һ֪ˣ廳̴ͻһԾ𣬷ҲƵ˹ľ亮񣬲Ϊ֮һ㶣תĿȥȴ㶵վǸ֪ôµӡ



   Ǵ ʮ˻ء濾Ӱ 

֮䣬̴Ӱ֣Ų΢٣ƺһ£һŤˢطҡ
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壬壬ǻûߣ
ľ΢һü
ô£ô̸úúõģͻȻȴˡݵ΢֦סţ̴ﲨһתպŵ


ˣ͵˼ҡṦһԣ֦͵һ䣬òл˿Ửһ۾ȴ˻һۣȴȻվûжһ¡
кһӣһƲ˵˭ϡ㡣亮Ŀ⶯΢΢ü
ңǲС۸㣬ߣ۸㡭һֹԼĻ֮Уɭ֮⣬̴ֽ֪Цӿڵ
壬ʲôƢ˼û۸ҡ֮⣬Ƣˡ
亮񲻽һ㶣а
ҷƢΪ㣬ȴˡḻŮ£վŪһ淢㶣ȴ
û۸㣬ôѾͷˡ
̴͡һЦ
ǹ˭Ǹӣ죬ˣ壬߰ɣ𣿡
˵֮΢תȥߣ亮ıӰг̾һľ
벻ڵŮӣʮǰҪŹ֡һľ䣬Ըȥ΢֮䣬ٱȫãֻʣ´壬ֻ߳

ȥˣҿˣ¹Ӷ䵽ˡ
ĬĬشͷԼ
ΪʲôͻȻˣŵĵط֪˼һأȴôҴҷȥ㵽ôѽ̾Ϣţվ¹£ŲԸ̧
˿ߵš


֮ҿ˺üϣֻܿؾͻ֪һ졢졢һ¡£ȴһϢûУ̲סҲ͵͵˳֪Ϊ˶ٿ࣬ϣûϣҶźڰ죬͵͵֣ˣ
ģ£һصĴˮ
Ȼ֣˫ַŻֻ֣˵
һûѽҸس̾һסͷ˵ι˵Ҫưˣôѽ
Цˣ˵ԼһȴͻȻǿɰԬ䣬̲ס
أɺãûпޣ֪⻰ͻȻˡ
ŮӵģѲ⣬ЩֻԶǰˣ֪ǰӣȿɰȴֽݵ㲻öѽ֪ҵġ

ͷԼ½½£ڡ
Ƭ֮ǰĻȻ˿أȴֻʣԼӰӣڵϡ
ס
ϪԵĵƽ̹ģţ¹ƽ̹أȴӰӡ
ģΪ֮͵һ£ɲ֮䣬е˼ѱΪ壬ģȻŤת
֪
ηתǰͻӰһӰӹֻԼ˫ۣᰴһ£վȵʱǰȴǿյأӰˡ
֮£Ų΢Ȼһת߳
˭
һЦǰӰһӰӹɣɡ죬˫ֱһ¡
ǡ
أȻƽ̹ģϵӰȻֻһǰһǰӰԼģӰ˭أѵ֮һûӰӵģһģ߳亹ˣ紵ϣҲʼд̹ǵĺ⡣
һʱ֮䣬мȾҾ壬ʱĹ£˶ӰӣֻйûӰӵġΪ֮Ȼ
վţҲӰӾ˭Ҳ룬Ŀ⶯ֻϵӰӣҲû˿һĭ֪ͻִһЦ
ӰӣҲʼǰƶԼӰӣԽԽش˸䣬ʶǰ߶һЦ̹֮ˡ

̧סȻȺǲãƺһκܳʱ䣬ɿһ
ѽ壬ѵǸõų˵СȻǸȣֻҪкξˡ
һˣӲһ׳ҲӰӣׯԺȥ
֪Ц֮ͻһ٣һϸ˵
壬վס
嵨ٴ󣬴˿ҲĻ䣺֪ҵ֣˶񣬴
壬кμ̣Ȼ򾲣֮УȴҲ΢ˡ
ɭȻһЦ
üˣ壬Ҫ㡣׳ӣﻹǷϸ
Ϊ֮ˣ˵
кιɣȴƴ𣬸ȥֻԼӰӣڵӳɱֱһ·ֽŶûС
һѵûֻֽӳڵϵӰӷֲˡһˣеľ壬ȴֻ˷ϸ۶˵
ȱʲô㣬Ҿǹٺ١Цӵش𲻳ҾͰˣ
֪ȴһͦţ
㵱Ȼˡ
Ӱƺһ
ô֪ˣ㣬Ҳˣֳ壬ȴֻһӰӣٺ١´ˣҪĹͷԵ
Ȼ˵øΪˣУ˿ȴȫ޾⣬ԹһЦ


ҷǵ֪ˣһһŮһһСվһ𣬵ϵȻֻһӰӣҷŶЩǵĵˡ֪Ǵ֮ˣŶ֮䣬뵽һܣϸһԽԼ²˿˵˳뵽Լŵη֮⣬ֻΪЦ
ЦԽԽ󣬵Цȥһ
ҷ汿ô벻ֻиǹûӰӵġ
ЦδЪӰҲЦЦ⣬ֻЦǰ̧Ŀȥ֪Ŀ⶯ȴֲôˡ
˿վǰģһߴޱȵŮӣֽŴ׳üĿͷ޸죬һްеҲֻκҲὫŮˡ
һȥҲ벻仹ִ׳Ůӣһ֮£תĿȥΪ֮ЦҲΪ֮ٿȻסˡ


ԭŮӵǰأ֯ƽɫĴӡӺ棬סһƽɫܣ֮УһӣСͯȴ¹ڶȻһ³ЦţЦֺ飬ͭӣһ˫۾ϡ
һ֮Уʽˣ֪ж٣еĺ֣еĺݣеĺܸߣеĺܰҲûмŮӣûмˡ
ŮЦߴŮͻЦ˵
壬˼˵Ȼúܣҷ֪Źˣ벻ȴŲ㡣׳ȴᣬ֮£졣
Ѿޱȵ壬˿̲Ϊ֮һ㵣Ŀߴ׳Ůϣתǰŵ٪ϡ
ѵ˾Ƿ򸾣Լ۾Ͷ䣬ôеվԼǰôе˵
ҷˡ
ȴЦͻһ٣ĿɭȻ壬˵
ЦˣҷЩ˳ǲǣ
һ


ѽ壬ֱȻɾЦ֮䣬ضһޱȶ˵Ĺ£ŸԳ˽ϵĿ壬ԼҲзϹҲ˽з֮˵ʹ࣬˿ػԱ˵ʹͲأ
һˣвǸȻæһϵı飬Ҿ
С֪ˡ


ԼŵΪͺΣֻ̹׵سϣ̸ĹӵĿעΣֻȻЦĿ֮УȴȻַɣĿ֮䣬Ӣͦݣ˿ûǱӡ
ǰŮӸüĿϸһ̬֮Ů̫׳ߴеȴ٪壬һһŮǶԼ÷򸾡
٪ĿΣͻһЦ
۲թ٣ȴִأѵõĺܡӤֱۣһǰŮӵļͷֵ
ɺɺ˵ῴ˵ģ㿴˵Ļдһ룬·Ϊ⡣
ǰŮӽһЦ˵ͷȻȴ̾һ
ǰֻǴֺǷһδ󺺣һŮӣ֪ȴǡǡ෴
һת
˴δı棬Դ֮УȴΪϤһصѰҵģȴΪʲôأ
˼⣬ԳҾ
λǰѰСɣЩԸ֪ɷСɣвǲ
٪һЦ
ޣЩʱԸʵԼ֮ж࣬ȴʱʱ̿ȥˣ͡ͻ΢̾һӵãã£֮ˣǶҲ¾̫ƽöˡ
Ůӡ͡һЦӵ
Щôɱˣأ
٪ƣһüŭ
Ͽɱ̫֮֮࣬ȴ̫٣ſɱ֮ˣȻҪɱѵִ˲ɣ
˿ѶŮˣøУ˿̲סӿڵ
ǰſɱ֮ˣǲɱȥɱ֮Ǹá
ȴ٪˫ü䣬΢΢һתƺŭΣͻ̾
ᣬԻ֪Ͽɱ֮˵ĿɺޣʹЩֻҲһˡ
尵̾Ϣһ˵ȴǰŮӽЦŵ
ӹȻɽ̣Ҳҷ򸾶ǧɽˮ㣬ҪǸɲĵģֻλҪһɱˡ
΢΢һ٣ֵ
֪㣬Ϊʲô𣿡
΢һҡףȻ֪ҷֻ룬ȴδ˵ѡ



   Ǵ ʮŻءͯŮ 



˰ΣֻԼҹ֮У֮ˣһǴԼ֮ģǡ˫ľĮȻУ˵̬Լζû뵽ῴģȥҲ²͸Ȼȴ³бضְһ䶯˵Ĺ¡
ֻŮԡ͡һЦﲨתЦ˵
˵˰컰֪˭Ϊʲô
΢һ񣬿
СʣΩλǰ֣Գٳδʳ
Ů΢΢һЦ˵٪ȴѽӿڵ
ʲôã˵£Ӳ̹ʣʵʲô˼һпĵô
Ůӻƹȥס٪ӷߵƣЦ


֮УΪеĽɫ˭֪ǰʮ֮ˣô˭ǰ㻨ģ֮У⣬Ҳ˵⽾ΪԼһɷΪƵġ


ǽŵһһСֻƣǾþûδֿĵ۲ֻŮˣǵûаֿЦһΪɾۣŮ̬Ȼƣ֮ȴôֿӣбҲʱ޿̲ŵġ

ããǰŮӷԻعͷһЦ
㿴ϷޣȣǲǾеЦѽ
æҡҡͷδ˵˵Ļ٪Ӿ˵
ﵹûкЦ˼ȴһ֣ɷ򸾵ġһЦȴһ
˹ȻʲôȻָƣǰ֪ˣ֪Ͼ˱ʮ
з԰̾ȴǰŮѽӿЦ
֪ڽлûдãȻ֪ҺĹ£ǣʹЩȻ֪ġ


΢΢һ٣ĿעΣҪΪ˿ø͸Щһʱ֮䣬徹Ů˵ĵĿ⿴ôͷȥֻĵĿ֮У·һ־˵ĹʣԶϤκ˵һ¡
˾ΪʲôѰңΪʲô˿أã޷²⣬ȴǰŮЦ
ڣҿԸ㣬Ϊʲôˡдϲæ֪Ůɫͻһ䣬
ˡ˻ͳʲôͻֹסӿڵ㻹ǴǺٸ㡣
٪һʲôһƫƫڴ˿
ŮӻЦ㿴㣬Ƣַˡ΢΢һֻһİӰһƵٿȻȥ֮䣬š
԰о̾һŮ˴˶Ṧȴ˸ԼţҹɫаӰֲɻ󣬰⣺ѵˣ
ɵػתһ΢ĽŲԼˮ紫ţǰҹɫ֮УֳһӰжǰŮӵĶĿֲ֮𾴷֮ġ
ȴǰӰԽԽͻỽһ
ǰĿ֣
һ֮ӹٿ˵Σ֪ˣӦң˹ȥ
ż㣬ٿȻһ䣬ӵǰ˵
֣ôˣĻСܵġ֮У΢ԹԹ֮Уȴֳ֮顣


ǸȻһЦ˵֮У֮ůɹһץı۰ϸ϶ΣֻȻƣ룬ȴڲסеļ֮⣬ѾһЩΪ˷ܵƵģΣ˵
ҹѵʲô𣿡ʮ־֮ˣ壬ȴԳϴ֮˿ҲûκμĻֻǽɣ̹ʵʳ
΢΢һţû˵̾һ


ҹת࣬Գߣ̸̸֪ܵ㷿һѲڣԺﾹֵʬ֣Ҵ˿̵Ĵ˼ҵ֮Уҹ֮£ҿѰΪ֪ͽ˵һӦ֮ߣսεԼԼԺο˱мġ
ͳ־䣬ΪϿңƽնԱ˵̬ȽȻͬǼǸмֲԼ̬֮֮⣬˼ԳϴԼԳϴˣʵڲá


һˣԳ̾һԼҹ֮֮£ϸϸ˵˵ǡ˫ľ֮ʱɫһ䣬Ҳܵ˵Լ̴ʱֲΪ֮ϲ˵̴ߣҡͷЦλҲǸݳԵĽɫֻܷĺˣ죬ֻǧټƵġüս֪롮ΰơ֮ĹϵֻҪЩ鷳ˡ˫ľһƧ˿̾һŮ˹עҲȷ
ȵ彫һ˫ķ˵ʱѿھ
ͯŮ
΢΢һ
ѵϵǣҲ벻Ƿ򸾶˵֣ǡͯŮȴ΢΢ҡͷ
ϵǣֻҴе֪֮£ˡͯŮ֮⣬һдΣд书ѡ
ͷȥ˼Σֵ


⡮ͯŮ꣬Ͼǣš˫ľҪʮ֪֪ʮ֮УȻ˱ȴδһ˵ܹɾġһ٣ֵָ
һԣ˳ơ桯⡮ͯŮˡһʵأ
һָ
һǡ򳪸桯˱ǧӣһԡȲҲķ¡
δ˵꣬Ծ̾һ̾
֣ҿ֪⡮򳪸桯һɾ˿ȴַء
΢΢һ漴Ȼ
ѹӼʱֱ飬ԭϵǵġȴ崹ͷڳ˼֮УûԼĻƵġ
帩ĬĬãͻʵ
֪⡮ͯŮˣ̬˲ƣȴΪ򸾵𣿡ȻǸп࣬ԲֹܶԴµĺ֮ģڻǽ仰˳

ҹɫԶȴѺܽˣ̧ͷ׺ԵȺ̾˿˵
½ҥʵΣȴһμΪ˵Ĺ¡
΢΢һЦ
ҹȻûв´ȴӵ


˿ɫ٣վսɼˣǲסһ壬ɽׯ߻أһӵұ̸߱ߵʱιҲ˵ˡ˼أΪȳֻܹ˳صϽưӵҲüһĺ棬ȴֻϣЩι˵ڱ£ȴûзϡ
ɿһ˵


ͯŮһˣǱãڽϵһʱ֮䱾£ȴȲڣ಻ţȴҲڵ֮еĶԹɱǸʣֻڵ賡ͽѡ
΢٣ֽӵ


ҵļҲǡͯ游׳ҲһϽ𵶣ԼҴĵڽвһСͷ֮󣬱ϢӰ԰Ӵ˲£ͯױоĴ˵Ȼ㼫˵ĳ谮
ȴһЩҳ£двͣڵ
㻹˵Щĺã
΢΢һЦ
ֻǸˮƢ֪ʱҲԼúܡбӵ


ͯ׽ݣ׷·ͯӣֻмľеһԶ׵ŮƢθֻҪһ첻ʧʲôƵģҲ¶һ˿Цݡ˿ּŮСȴᶮ£˶¡
尵̾Ϣһ뵽Լ̴ԼҲи游ǸöãԼĸ˫£ô޴ͨĹѧãϼԺյ̴
һʱ֮䣬ֻóˣϵһʯӶδһ棬ббһۣһļ򣬷Խӵ


Ȼ䣬Ů£ĸ˵Ļ֪Դ˿һǸˣԽװԽطֲֻϣԼЩ󣬿ЩΪ򸾣ʱȡЦǣҲϡ
塰͡ʧһЦ
˵㵱ʱҲƵģʲô㶼֪ˡ
΢Цһ£Цδȴֳ̾һӵ
֪˼޳ⰲʸһˣΪԼĿֶʱȴ֪һѽٵϡ
ͷһݣæʵ
ģԣֻԸ֮£˶ޱȣֻҪ˼κһ֮£б̣ԼıȴٻȥԹ԰Ա̾һ¡
̾Ϣֵ


ʱǴ죬һ˫Ůʱֻо꣬ں԰в׽һ˫ۿѽ׽֪ڿҪֵʱȴֱɵ⡮ͯ׾ǿķǽ˫׽ɣۿǷɳǽ⣬ҲԺеĽţ׷˳ȥŮȻӱȽСЩˣԼҲ͸˳ȥԽԽԶҲԽ׷ԽԶŮȰͯȥ˫Ƶģƫƫǰ֣
ԽԽ棬̲סֲʵ
һ˫ǰ֮£֪ôϸѵ
̾һӿڵ
º˵游֪游ֽ¸ң֮Ҳ֪ñȱЩ
Ȼ˵ͷȴΪ֮һѰ˼


游⡮ͯŮмԨԴôһҲˣΪʲôཻϣȴʼղԼļ˵̧Ŀһֻ̧죬¹֮£·Ǳл̬֮¡

ཻһֱƺ£˿̬Ϊ֮
ѵʲô֮£Ը˵һˣԸо֮֮¡㰵¾ģպΣҲҪе̽
ֻ׳˼ΣѽߵűߣãȻ̧ͷ˵
ΪҪ׷˫ֱ׷ƻ裬ۿԽԽԼҲԽԽۣк䡭ٿȻסڣһЦ
ԡк֣ƺλǰʵڴ󲻾λǰҲ벻ʲôõĳƺֻôȨˡ
һЦ˵޷תһ룬¸뼺޹أԼʲôʸ˵޷֣Ҳסڲԡ
ֵֻ
׷˺ڣкȻǿ̫ף಻ĹһۣŷԼԽԽԶ˿̾·ˣѰ˿ʯͷһ㶣ŮӸСԽԽÿ
΢΢̾ϢһǶǵʱĴΪͬ飬ֵ


кŮˣһ׳ǣվٰ㰲οһ˵ӣҲʶ·ȴ߶ʮһشߣֻ˴ҹֶۡ¡ֻڣۿԶĵƻϨˣԽԽأֻȫֱ䣬ֻб˴סһ˫֣ȴůúܣůŮһݰȫĸоҲкһ
ЪϢһ£峤̾һĹˣҹɫǵ㣬ۿƺֳһͼһкӣǣһŮӵ֣ҹɫ֮УУȻ£ȴ¶
һݶôѽа̾ϢţҺǻˣԱ˴˰οأתĿϵĿ⣬
ĵҲһůĸоůĸоСкĸȫȻͬȴҲ㹻ʹ߹һ;ʱһˡ

֪У߽ţǰʬףȻصһ裬Ҳ޹ءô˵ˣֻǲأ˭ҲܽҲû˭ȥѰġ
ֵ


ƾůҵǵļңʱѿˣкŮֵ֣øߺһ״δйκһ̵Ŀܺʹ˿̱⣬иԼԺԶҪ뿪ˣȻ棬ȴô䣬䲻棬ȴůġ
̲ס̾Ϣһа
ʲôطܱȵϡҡůأһʱ֮䣬ֻܶϾ޲ܵĸķǰһһȴֲΪӸˣҵˡ
ûмҵˣڡҡһֿĻ
ǲУŲ̤԰еʯ·ϣ죬ĬȻãȴþû˵һתĿȥֻĿʹŽŲƶƺҲԼһسأһر
Ըȥű˵ĳ˼ҲԸһƾݳصĳĬֹȥ
֪ͻֳ̾һ̧Ŀ⣬Ⱥӵ
ĺӵһθоҵůȥʱ򣬰ȴԶмˡ
ͷһݣѿʵ˵ʲô
һƺĨеĻҳƺĨе飬ᣬȴҲǲԸ˿ġ
ؽ˵
ܵſڣžŵģк䲻ע⣬ŮǽΪϸģȴѾ쵽ˣܽȥ֪ȴӦֻıƮš
΢٣ظ˾䣺ıƮšβϵúܳβôͳͳԼķ
弤˸ֻһֲӰԼͷٿȻ𣬸ɿһ͵ʵѵǼ˶˯𣿡Լ֪ԼʻʵǶôЦ



   Ǵ ڶʮءƺ 

̾һһۣҡҡͷֵ


ŮԽԽ󣬽ŲҲԽԽ죬Ƭ֮䣬ǰԺãұǾټҾӴˣǹǰ̨ףʮ֮࣬кŮ˴ܵʯǰȻӦﶼȥƿţһ
ֻС䲻ĻȴԽסѿʵ
תĿȥϡĿ֮ϣǼ֮ɫ˫ȭգĿֱӣŻֵ
˿峿΢ʮ֮ڣѿɱĿһ
΢٣ֳ̾һԽӵ
Ī˵˽ͯңеľֻҲҪ
˵ñͼټϲʱ̾ʱͣ٣ֻԼ֮䣬ͻضһʯͷܣķеġ֮ȴˣĿעֻЩ˵
֪˿һ֮󣬽ŲҲ֮ͣ£˰Σͻس̾
еľ󣬲˵Ҳգ֮һ׷ʣת
ϱ֮±Ѽ࣬ҺοҪȥһЩ֪оضǱҲпᣬȻ棬ȴסʡ
ֻӵ


ŮλͯӵһҴСʮˣ;һҹ֮Уȫʮʬ˿̾ȫһ߻Ұ׵⣬ˣֻЩʬϣѪʣʬδŮףϾ㶼ž֮ɫȻ֮ʣܵľ֣ҲܰȻĿ
δоϸֻȴʹ亹乣ؼΪ֮͸
ȭһĿ˵


˭ɵģѵ˾ûаԣȻг𣬺οཫеĸҲһ˲пɱأб߽޲ýɱЩˣץݺʹƣֺ޲ܵһ˫ͯ࣬ȥοǣǰƺַһͼ
һ˫ͯʹűЩʬǸĸʬԱߣʹţǵȻЩʬᣬǸ𣬳ʹ֮⣬ʲôҲˡ
ͼǰģϸϸһ˫ͯʱ飬ԽԽܣֻ޲÷ʹһ
ȴԴĬȻãͻ˵
ķ䵽ˡ̧ĿһԼеĵƹ⣬ȻţƵĹߣӳڲҰ׵Ĵֽϣƺ
鰧ʹˣʲôİʹ֮ģʵϵƹⱾƣֽ඼ɫʲô֮أ
ĬȻ˷У̾
벻λǰ˵ǡǡͯǰᡭǽͯ˻С־ʷΪٿȻסڡ
ȴԻ̾
Ȼֱҵ״Уǽ첻Ӧز飬ʬױʹһգԶ֮Իһ٣ŵ
֮أһΪƧɽĽûˣЩԻżȻˣĿһֻһºҲû֪լзҰ
һ
ҿ֮괳֮ʣǽ²ٳңŻѡ֮ء
΢΢ףֽӵ
ЩԻҲΪ֮һԱȳ˴Щ侪ңЩʬȫ
峤͸˿
޾֮·벻ЩԻ֮ˡ
԰Ϊһ˫ͯң֪ͻ䡰ߡһ


ЩԻһ޴լԺУ֮ͯⶼˣϸһʣ֪˶˶ʬ֮󣬾ȸռټҶǨⶰլҶͯ˰ٰ衣ͯ˼ұ䣬¿꣬ˣ
彣üŭƽգشһȭ˶£Ȼ㶼žŷֿˡ֮ģ˿಻ŭ
Ĺ֮ˣõնŶԡ
Ŀתֻŭݣ˵֮δ˵ģ̾һ
˿ڴˣڴζԴûзϣ˱˵Ĳƽ֮£ȴ߲ƽȻ˵ֻˣ򸴺κ
΢תֽӵһ˫ͯ£Ȼ޷ܵס͵͵˳˺ãã󣬵кε֮
Ŀٴһתȴϴ˿ŭȴı֮ɫ֪зḻֱ꣬Լ⼸仰е֮£Ϊ֮ס

Ȼδϣ뵽Լ˵ʱᵽů飬̬һ˫ͯ仹Լãã˺Ը̾ˡ
ֲ̾һĿʵ
ˣ
ΣչһЦ


༫֮и֮һ˫ͯȫȻĹۣ֮УˣǷֱ˻ȥڸһ书ʹˣʮδеĸˣѪ𣬽ǰ̰ĵԻͽһ٣֣֪һʱĵ⣬δǸʱĥȴʹպиĳɾͣһ񣬲ĥ֮ܳһҲһ𣿡
ı̬֮뵽֪˿˵ⷬȡɪ裬ģĵ
м΢Цһ£˵
ǡػᡭᡭһ˵ᡱ֣ȴûнʵĻ˵
ȴ˽֮⣬ֵ


Ȼ˷أȴһ˿֮̿ϾȻʱʱ̿Ҳʱʱ̵̿˽ٺҳȻǱ࣬˴ֻҪһ뵽ԷﶨԼҲһ˿




ңҲ֪Լ书ʦжˣԼֻҪѧ书طҲûǰôܣÿֻϣԼ书ܿЩѧɣԼܿЩɽѰóˣȴ𣬺Լᣬ֮ϰ֮ڣǵϦϣ˼ԼĵùȻҲǸ˵ġ
˵˽һʱĻ󶼾Ǳ֮£ֱ˿̲˻֣صУͻֳչһʹѾõأҲΪ֮
֪һ٣ǿƲסԼĸпƵģֳ̾һ˵


ǲ׺ɣ±ãƲԹȴԤϵõģŮսɣ书Ҳոߣʮ֮书ɣǻ˷ܣȥе˵ʱ򣬲ŷˣʮ֮䣬˿ûг󣬶ҡǸ߰ͯ
Ȼ֪µķȻĽ˿ԲΪ֮һ뵽˵ʱʱΣ಻֪Ǹпͬ飬ֻһֿЦõĸо̲סʵ
λǰΪʲôŻ˵أ
̾
ǵʱԻ֮һ꣬һ֮Уܵ࣬Ҳ˵Ҳ󡣡
Ȼסӵ
ĴˣţкֻԼǸеģӦôŮСȴСͷջȵأ˼ҰЩԻǮԷ
尵̾һ뵽ԼڿջǰΪˢ֮ʱк֮ͬģΣʵ
ѵǾһĵˣ𣿡
ӵ


Ϻ֮˲ȫûУкԾǿ󣬸˶ݣŮҪæҲֻԼãŮ׬Ǯж٣õʳ˶ԣк㽫ԼһݣҲŮˣ˵ԼѾԹʵȴӣɡ
δ˵꣬Դ̾
ӣҲġ
˾֮ˣ˿̸뵽Լһ˵ӣ꣬ĬȻãŽӵ


仹꣬δɣ˴ݲУȻҪ֮裬̿ϰ䣬ϰһĹټ˼̫࣬Ҳ֮УҲЩȱݣԶ޷ˡ
ΪϢֵ
˼֮£˴˶˵киǴ֮ģ˰ΣתߣŮһ׷ȥȴδ׷
ԺĴˣȥ׷Ѱк֮УȻȴԼֻ֣©̽Լĳ˭ֻʱѰк֮£ȥ𡣡
̾
˵ǺʯãҲ֮ܽƶλǰ֮ʵ˿ɾúܡԼ֮ˣΰУ㲻֮ģ㲻ֲ˵˳
ȴֵ


ȥʱȴ뾹ԼĳˣһˣǿһģȴԼѰҲˣȥһɱҸк˵ʲôӣǰģϣһ𡣡
Ŀգһ£ƺ̾һԽӵ


ݳ飬ֱɾضкҲΪ֮жһ˫ɣŮڳ˾ǵò䲻ƣǷ£һԷ򸾵Уȵǵļᶨأǣǿ̫СˣΪ֪ɹĶǱ˴˼洿УУԼѪɵģǱϧУ塣

Ļֱ˵꣬Ŀδ˲һ£Ŵ⣬ҹɫһЩҰ׵ɫˡ
з˼ţ
ò䲻ƣ£һԷ򸾵Уȵǵļᶨϡòƣкáת뵽ǧӣǵòǼΪ
֪⡰ͯŮĽϣضһμ䶯˵Ĺ£ȴ벻оô۱仯ֱܾúܾԺÿһԲΪ֮ͻزѡ
ӴˣҲʼ֪ĥУǴģеĻҪԼʵѪ࣬Żġ
ǣ˼Уһֲ˼⣺


ңΪʲôأؽĴѲԶŵģȴһЩڴ޹ص£᲻˵죬ֻңЩռȥеĴ󲿣ʹҲûп϶ȥˡ
ǣȴ֪ü֮ᣬ˵Ҫѽ



   Ǵ ڶʮһءϦ 

Եͳ˵۶˵Ĺ£ǵĿ⣬Ҳι¶һ㱯ı


ҹɫˣǰƬ̣ԶһҹڰʱҲԶһҹʱվ˶ϵĻҳ뽫еҲһƵģеʲôȴԶû֪
ǼԼʱ򣬲ҲǷǳʹ
Գ̾һߵſڣ̲סҪϿ뿪ⷿ䣬ΪԼùã᲻ؽܸ壬ֳ嶯Ѳǵһˡ
̧ͷӰ͵ʵ
Ҫˣ
šһͣסŲֻ峤ֵ̾
ΪʲôһʱʱԵộʱȴޱȵϣҹȥЩȻٸϿȥĺҹٿЩǲ֪ȴԭʹ¡
˵ͷͻػһЦеЦ˵
ȵʲô
峤һ̾ĿԶԶͶ޾ڰ
Ҳ֪ͯŮλǰңΪʲôϣҹЩܽ⿪⣬ͬʱ
еЦһЦֻЦȴЩ֡
жֵЦݣĿתһᵭʱȴȻЦ
ͬʱ㻹ڴ̴㣬֪ʱԣ͵ȴϣǲǣ
صգһЦݣ˵
ʲô֪
û˵ֻĬˡߵԣļЦŵ
ȴȻĽҲǼǳ£ûнĵȴôĿ֡Ȼ˳ȥ
ٴӰֻ˵ĻǶô˶ȻûϽţ಻ƽƣȻȴʫһĶ
ϸϸȴʹ࣬Ŀֱ֣ɫȾ˻ƵĴֽ˯ȥ



ĺ⣬һӶֱսĴݣͬأҲս̴Ĵ̴绨Ḷ̌û˯ֻȻתһŵƣܿĿ⡣
û˯ΪѿʼڣΪʲôҪôҴҵ뿪Լ˼ϦˣһʱĽȴõĻھΣԼΪʲôҪ
Ҳʼڴҹ١
ȵϣȥ֪᲻ԭϵĺ
ĿţҹĻٴŴصʱܵҹСϪԣȴſ׳ı۰򣬽ӵϣˣֻһ


죬ϣ۵Ļжȹǣ֪ھ֡ˡΰơʱȴаʱˣﲻصݷݷýϳͷ񵶡ԼơԣҲưֵ͵͵ۣҶ֣͡ھ֡һֻ˭Ҳûʳѡ

Ѿǳˣ¶Ҳֻж̶̵죡
ˣҲڽصȴ󹲺Ĵᡣ
󣬶ʮĸ¾װеıδ󺺣Žӡçɽׯ۵ɽɢ׽ֵʽͬڡ¶磬çɽׯȥ
ɡ֡սɡ׷ꡱǷɺ磬Լɷͬʱģ񵶡ӵݺʱȻϾдţ
ʣھ֡񵶹ͷ
һݺдţ
ȶϡ


񵶡ȻԴȴҲò˼ϢͨԼŲһգ˼ұ֪Լ٣˼ͳһﾣ͸Ĵ󺺣󺺼Ȳл಻ƴǣֻǵˢأ˽۶ȥֻ¹ֳﾣڳ
Դӡǧڼ֣֮ľѶٺЩıˣ˴ˡΰơ֮̽⽭ֵ£Щ벻ġ


Ϊ֪Ⲣһ֮£Ȼֵֵɽֱ˿ΪֹȻ֪﾿ǷΣʱԼȴ֪ˣֺֺͣԶ͡ھ֡Ϊеġ
ڳɿڣ͡ơԣһص̴Ҳ̴֪⡰˫ľߵһֻнȰ⽿ݵŮЩؼң̴ȴܾˣҪһ
ֻнѰϢ˿ַ̣ı仯аŮȴ̫ʼڣúһʹԼѼΪصļϣֶһظ
һơԻ˹ĿһɨƳеĺ˫ü΢壬˵
ǲǡçɽׯǱ͹ģ
󻺻ףԽӹŰҴһƳ˫üø׳˼Σʵ
ȥǲȥ
񵶡ɿһ
ȻҪȥġһ٣ֵսɴ˾٣ƺڱسɣ治֪Ƴưӣ˭
Ի̾
⵹ǹؼڣҪǣǾ֪ʲô˼֮ϣǣҹѣֻ¡ھ֡ʢᡪ
ֹԼĻԳ̾һ
ܲȥ


Ⱥܣšھ֡ͷ죬֪ٵɽֵֺͣʱԣЩǣھ֡ʢʢʵְӲĽɫȴ࣬ڽϵϣˣһᣬŽᣬԡھ֡˵ȷǼֵ֮¡



ֺˣϽɽصССɽǣƻԶԶƽշʢö࣬񵶡󣬡ơԣסĲɷľڳھ֡ķ־֣ȴסɽеྻȴªĿջһΪ˾ڷھеλͷԶȴΪҪܿçɽׯĶĿ
ǣʧˣﵽĳطϢʱߴû죬οǡھ֡еˡ


ƻʱСбѿۣڸƼֻǵģǽְ׵еĺܣǴȫΪ˰ݷáھ֡еͷҪȴ뿴µġھ֡⽭ֹĴᣬʲôӦ
ǻƻ˼ˣûһܿΰơ̴ĿˣΪһ˺ڣ̴ͷԼķţ˵ǣ;Ͷ٣Ҫ˯ˣǸúܡ


񵶡󣬺͡ơԣֻΪЩĽΰơʢԼĽŮ̴ݷõֺʿǸҪ֪ΰơ̴ʱȨ㽭飬ҲĿȻûڽдǽȴ֪ޣЩ֮ˣȡ˸ºš
Ů
šŮȷǸ֣Сӹȥġçɽׯдġ֡սɣһҡȣһų룬Ц˵
ǣ֪Ѿͷ书죬ҲϷҪϸһҡȣһЦ
ԵһɫҰףȴ㣬ȴһµ꣬ǡɷѶġɷĪǣ
˿΢΢һЦ
СУ˫̶𿡯ΪǧϻҵСȴй֮⡮çɽׯУֻӢۡҲɳΪּѻˡ
˵ϸ΢Ůӣ֣ҲЩŮ֮񣬲ϵˣ˭֪˱ǡɷݡ书ߣġɷĪǣ
֡սЦ
ǼǼСǡŮ̴ǼĪֻ֣¡ֻĪִ˺Ҫĸֽˡ
мüȺҲЦЦУֻһߵġͯӡɫƺһ䣬𣬵Ŀһת̾˿ֻ֡սԽӵ
ֻϧλ𼦡ǰȻϵֻټϡǲͳΪ˫Ӣۡ𣿡
һЦͯӡҲЦ
ֻЦ԰еȴû


֪çɽׯд˿Ƿƾۼ˷Ľܹͣϵģ㶼ڻ֮ǰ͵ɷУˡɷĪ֪⣬λλɷĪϣɷĪձӡĪ׷һ٣ҺúͻȻ;߰࣬Ƿѡ
˿̣Ҳ
֮⣬в֪岻ϵõĺӢҲ˵أҲ֪Щ˵ΪԼ
ǣΪʲôأ
ص̾һźҹһĵƹŵ
Ҳ˼ҵĿܶѣ
ֻϣЩֻϣʱ֣ͯŮλǰϣҹм̴
ڼ䣬Ȼֻнĵȴţе̾š
̾Ϣɽпջ̴ȻҲ޷
ֻĻЦ֪Լһ˿ϯȺۡ
ЦУ·˵ݣλߡưӡˣôһλ
˵
˵ͩĸ㣬һؽѾʦ洫ڡṦһرĹ򡣡
˵


СܵõЩ̨֪ͬʮǰšһˣʹášģλֽܡơ˲˼ȻΪ˲Фٹʡšе£ʵȴڰɫˣλ˵⡮ơĵӡ
⻰һ̾漴˷ŵ
ԣǶˡͣͣӣԽŵ
ǴŶ֪ԼĪʮǰг˸Ѳˣʮҳھ֣ȫˣŷƽ֮ͷɥ٣λ˵ĶӣγΪױġ


ǣһľ̾ھеˣǳ棬ֻжڷе̴ȴЩЦ֪Էλʱϻһֱ顣
ôֱܿ飬еѪҲƺҪˡ
ǣûжãģֱһŨ֡
ҹң᲻ỹڹϵĺ

첻ңǽôȥأֲ֪סļ䷿


һ˫紺ˮü嵽һ鳱ֿʼվ߶һ£ȻЦʣڸڵķȴûУ֪λ塱˿ʲôֻǰимλƧĹˣΪĻЦ
ҹɫ
ǵĵȴ֮Уһһؼˡ
أҲͱøӺڰ
ƣƣ
ѽ˿Ѿˣ
˽ԼĴӺԺ˳ʹԼжʱκ
˿Ѿˣ
̴ڰеվ˽Լѣ
Ҹȥˡϱ׵ѥϵһˮɫĳһ϶̵ĳͷ㷢ס
Ȼƿӣⷱ죬Ũһ紵ͻְ˼⣺
ȥˣңôҸô죿
ǰϵ裬һڣ
᲻Ұɣôã
΢ЦˣЦݣʹĵĴҹƽ˼ִ⣬Լĺôǡͻءߡһ
ʲôãߵʱ߶һҳԾǧ࣬ҵȴֻҡ䡯أ


أظصţȻ˸ͷϵ˿أ֪۵أϣϵֻЬӶһӣֻˮɫ廨СѥһһңԶԶ䵽ӵĽ飬顱졣



   Ǵ ڶʮءļ 

һҹûгȥû뿪ⷿһΪҹìʹУģѱ˺룬
ȥģԭһУ
ΪʲôȥʲôҪԭµģΪô࣬ȴڵһμʱˡ

ˡ
ҹδߵһƺѵƵģôƣôڴϣָⶼԸһ¡
ŵʱЩʵ˯⣬Ȼһ
ǲˡ
ۣݵӰվǰ̲סҪޣڣӨ飬͵͵ۿ¡


ľ˫ü΢壬䲻˽Ů飬ȴҲ֪û没ֻǡĲѣ亮һۣ˾㶼֪Ϊʲôģֻһ飬˭Ҳ֪һŵŮ˵ȰⰲοĻ
̴Ȼ뽫ۿеˮںǣˮȴֶػ˳
ֻñݵس̾һ͵˵
ûв壬壬ҡδˣͻ΢΢һ飬˯⣬̴΢΢һĵطֲȫ
˯ˡ


վǰĿľͬ̾ϢһȻϷţ˳ӭǺЦΪġơԣȴƤû̧֣Լķ䣬顱عţվЦԡ
ֻȻвޣȴҲ޿κΣŹķŰһȻ˿ȥߵţؼ｡۶ϵʿƵԾԶһʧ
ԭǡˣҲ֪ͨСһҲСܼԶӭߵſڣһҾأֵԶӭˡˡ
˵֮䣬ϵʿȫԾ£ĿӢͦ㶼ǳĻꡣ


ҹЪϢջеֺʿеǰԺ˿̼⡰ھ֡кպͷơԣ˹ɴΪһӵſڣһʶ벻ʶ˵װɣзԻȻ
ԭǻ鱤Ķ



һ㶼ǰֺѣʮĿ⣬֮䣬ʶ֮ˣЦккŵֺʿϱ̷ЦݣǾԼкʮҵ¡


񵶡ԺеɧԿ첽ӭϲ
벻벻ֵܾһˡߵһӢˬǰϲֵ
벻ǣԶǧ֣֮ҲصСһ뽭ϣ뵽ȥݷֻ֣־㲻ڼңֲȥ˼ңԡȴ벻ڴ˴ˡ
һ˵ţϾ㶼΢Ц˿ĿһɨƳĶ֣ʧ
֣ôˣ
̾һ
˵СʵգԵСٷ֡ĿһתЦִҲΪǡçɽׯе֮𣿡
ȶĻ꣬ҲǱֵһˣЦ


ǣֵˣѵûؼңǡڶֵܻؼʡ֮ʱýϵϣԡ֡սɵʢ٣ֵܱ̲סҪ۹۹⣬ϱҴʦӷ˵ڼϸΰơ̴ү٣ҲȡϣҸֵǰһ˳ʺ̴үãҲֵ⣬˵Դ̴үϴεȥ֮󣬼һֱ岻ʣҲȥǻذݣ̴үҪ֡


˵ʣҲ죬ݣһ֪ǳҵʿ
ĿһתЦ
ֵܵ˾ڣ֪פ˼䣬ȴ̴֪үˣ

ͷҲˣȴСܵҲ֪أ
ԶԶվԺһһ٣ֺʿǵĻ̲סʵ
ʦ˭ѽΰơҪȥݷã
΢΢һЦ
ֵ˾һĸӽϻ鱤պգ£뿴Ϊʦ˵
ΣԻȻ
ѵ˾һöȺħġλӣ𡢽𣿡
ߺЦ


롮񵶡˵ģǶӣϰµĶվҲģĽϰµģǰڶҡ˪ѩʦµĶӶվ࣬ĿüģӶ𣬾˵ң书ߣµŴʦΩһ׼ҵӡ
Ъ˿ӵ
ǲվòͬһģһ˫ֵܣһ䵱£ֵ׵Ķ붫ˡ΢һֵ
ֵ˳ңȻԺޱȣʦŸصʱ£ȴôǫ˽ܣ˽ܡ㽫ѧǣǾͺˣ
꽣üһ˵ʲôٿȻסڣת˵
ǵĸ׾һΪʲôȴԼѧ䣬ѵѵǿԼĸ𣿡
΢Ц
⵹ΪͣΪԼ̲ܽϣԸǵ书Žǰݵ˵£ԼҲ˸ӣǾȥɽġר档
ʦͽ֮Уֵܡѱ񵶡̰½ӷʢ磬ֶһǫлһֵ
ֵ̲סҪçɽׯҪΪҪλưӡǺε
ˣͻִ´еľװ󺺣ߵԺУ˫һи߾һ
ׯׯСǰʺ򡮶ݣϰ롮ں磬ٱׯ
һЦ
սֵĶúܣ

ϷԿ䣬ǡֵܡ˻ʱϷİѷֶĪ֣˵첻죿
֡սЦ򲢼վԵġɷĪǹЦ
ɷĪǻڴгԺŵȺһۣȴеǩ΢Цŵ
ȷúܣȷúܣֻǡüһ壬ֵ
Сȴм֮£սһԡ
ս̵
Լֵܣ˵ѵв֮Ī֣Щ˵һҡȣһЦֵ
Ϸϴ
ĪĿһת


Сĵĵһ£սִ˾٣˿̿˵𶯽ϣ鱤Ķֵܶ˳ֵܼҽһֱϣ׾㽭ģɴ˿ɼ֪жֽߣҪսֵ⡮çɽׯ
֡սɹЦ
ƣѵĪڵϷ򸺵𣿡
Ī˫üһ
ս֣˵Сǳ˴ӣСܵĵǣλ֣ճüճմȲ书ֲ˵˻գȺǰŪЦǡֵܣҲҪʧӣ
֡սɡˢȣŨüҲ嵽һ
ȴĪֵ
Сܵڶ֮£ǡ𼦡һ䣬ȻսַգֻҲǰɧţս䲻ηҲ֮£СӦǡ
֡սĿһתа⣺
ѵһ֪ҪëͷСҡȴ
ǣǡ
Īһֵ
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׷ꡱǷɺĿһתĪǻһۣЦ
ĪҪպлģٺ٣ս֣˵𣿡
ɷĪɫһ䣬漴ࡰٺ١һЦ
ǣǣС
ٺ٣Ŀԣ㶼Ц

ٺ٣һǰһڣİСӣЦ
һ죬ֻߵλҪưӡǰȥ¿Ũ̵ôԸ㣬սѽսɣҿ̣ܴ򵽼ʱ
ؿЦţϼ࣬Ⱥš𼦰ĵӣǰЦݣҲ̲סЦ

һǹ˸Ĵҹ
磬һůǹ⣬һˮһأһš
̴Ӿҹˮã۾ԼǱֵܵߵġ˯Ѩ˯ŵģ˿Ѩȴѽ⿪ˡ
֪˿ʲôʱվҵŵĺҹУͻشһü΢򭣬⣺
˭ҹл˼ְۣЦԼô˶£һ޽ǣֻŵģԭδЬӡ
ȵԼ˯ǰʱԶٿȻֹûͣȴյ⣬ڰԼ
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ڣȥ塱һֲֹĳ嶯޷˫Ьӣֿţһ
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ӰһƳ̴ݣ̴ǹƳݣĿԣѿڵ㣡
˸һ㶣һص
壬쿪š
̴һ壬ǲǵˣ
Ӱ˵ͷһ澪
ˡһ̧ӵſڣṦ֮Ⱥףԭ˱Ṧɳһھ֡еͷϷ̡壡
̴΢һɣӵſڣһ⵱һߴ͵ĳ̴۾һͺһ
£Ȩ㽭պյġΰơ̴
Ŀһתǿ䡰ߡһûп̴Ƶģ˵
ϵԽԽˣڳ⸱ӣǻ֪ߡһ߹ߵԺУŻͷ̴ֵۣ
̨ף顱һһһͷķţȵס˭
̴ɫ䣬һ𿪵ķ䣬λסģ־ּ㣬ٿȻ˹ȥĿǹӰӳ֮£ȴڿտգ塢徹֪ʲôʱ߳ȥˡ


⡰顱Ȼһ𣬲ŽסڶԺġ񵶡롰ơԾǾƺ˯ⱾŨ˿֪̾Ժзʲô£֮£Դæ˳ȴΰơ̴ͳ
ֺˣǲǣ



ջеĵƹ⣬˲ȫ˯ĵСæҵŲˮԻ鱤Ķֵܣѵȥ֮⣬ﻹסжʮֺʿ˿̶𴲣Ƕ֪㼣δǵġΰơ˿ѵ˽ϵС
ΰƾȻҲˣߺߣ⵹ǹ£þսɣĿǡçɽׯɽµİ˿̴ҴҸѶĴһɨֵ
ɿˣ
´󺺸׵
СûеõȷѶҲׯ
֡սɡšһָϵӣһơ죬Ե
ΪʲôϵĵλƺΪ˴˽ѽĿԼָŨü壬ʼ˼
Ϊʲôϵΰ̴ȻİŮΪ㣬㣬ΪʲôҪ͵͵ܳЩӣܵȥˣô͡˫ľľߵһ𣿡


̴ʹͷվǰ֪λشĻջеĵƹȻȫţȴֻŮˣֻĿ⣬һֱ˵ѣȴֲò˵ѣ˵


뵽ϿµԲ͵͵˳ûʲô£һ죬ڼϸֵһϣȻ·úܻˣվ·ԱʩᣬֻҪʩĶȴ֡
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ҿܶΧڰеǷӣ֣̲סܹȥֻиӻ˰봮ǮǣȴҲֶظ꣬˵ҪǮͰеǮȫҡô˰ΣŴ䣬ͷܿ˼ǣϺޱ飬һᣬһͻȻһ˵ʱûУһ˵ˣͷ˾ҪˣЩǵĻΪбЩƽҪߣ̲ס˵ҰеǮȫ㡣ʱ򣬱˶ңΪҲˡ
̴䡰ߡһ
˴žǿľˡ
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ʱ룬ҾϵǮȫҲûйϵϸϵõģҲǿ̫ܵˣȴ֪ԭǵ߹ҵġ˫ľ
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ôǸʲôѽ
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Ҳֵ֪ԭڴģһ˵ֵĴվһʱҲ˰ϵǮҡһȴͬ⣬ʵ̲סһЦ
ʵҪǮңҲ治˸ǣǿҰѰļʮȫǣҲлл˾ߣҲûзϣֻú˼
Ъ˿͵һֻۣϲŭ⣬Խӵ
ϣֲ뵽ȥǮˣ룬˼ķӣ롭ȥ輸̲
ΰơϾĿϣҲ̲ס¶һЦ⣬ӿڵ
ȴ֪˼Ҳץסǲǣ
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̴ߡһ


֪֪͵˼ңɽӢۡסĵطҾϣҲסһ죬˵ǰȻ֣˭ҵȥǣȴ벻Ѿͷ


Ҳû뵽˼סĵطֻ˼ôҸһԺӣ˳ˣһ£֪˾ȫǸ֣ԽԽ࣬ʮڽұƵں£֪ʱͻȻҲƵӰ˫ץɲ֮䣬ͱץڳЩ˾ʹŵ֣ү֪˵仰ʱ˾ҵ֣һˣȻں׷ȴǵӰӶ׷š
ΰơ̴˫üһ
ؾǿľˡ
̴׵


ǰҾ˳ȥһǣ̲סЦǴңȻ˵һ֮ڣʲôѣǡҾ˵ҵȥǣǾһɣұЩЦ˼벻룬ȻӦˡ





   Ǵ ڶʮء 

ŭġΰơ̴ŮЦȻϾȴҲеŭȥ롣
صǼرΪ豸ȫķȥʱĲǰģֻǰȴЩء
ˣ


̾ţɺӱһ۵;ʹ˿ȫֲƣ֮⣬ҵĳɾͣλḶ́ЩǰµĶҩʴ׳־Ҳʴ书ĺģʹʮǰ֪ƣΪµڽƣ֮⡣
ۣ޵ӣǳйˮһȥˡ
صؽԼߴͶĴϣѰþյξˣˡ˯ǰ̾Ϣ

ǣڶʱ˯ߣʧȥĻĵشظ߳ʱģһ߳彭Ӣۣҹƣˡ
һò㣬ȴ˫Ŀ޹⣬촽ڿڵ΢룬õЦݣȴڲס污֮׳ʿ첽Ⱥдֱߵǰһϸ˼ĵЦݣ
̴үӣԶûˣ˼ҿɺã


ΰơĿҲûһۣ֪˱ǽרԳϢΪҲԳϢġѶ񣬴书ߣȴһ˲ģַʽģǵһ
̴õءšһҲûлشĻ
ǡѶȴϰҲûзϣԶְҵԵЦݣֵ
ǽֵˣ˼׼çɽׯȥ𣿡
̴ԲÿɷһЩȺԺеֺʿȥ̴˵ԶԶվһߣ˿̴̼Դ˸ᣬͶ˹ʵ
̴үӣδ÷ˡ
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̴һ溬ЦΪһֶǡѶ
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ѶЦδģŵŵǣȴִЦ
˼ҿҪ֪λ³ġưӡǺ𣿡
̴ɫȻ΢΢һ䣬ѶԹɫ̽ӵ
˵Ǹ书ҵĽɫ
ΰơ˫ĿһţͻתѴվһԵġ񵶡˵
͸λ׳̲һ̨ףֻȺͻȻһɧűÿһͨĿһֻ˴ʩȻ»꣬ȴǡ鱤Ķֵܡ
ѶһֱջҹʮӵļǮçɽׯɽǷµİһϢΰ̴ˡգһϢ̴һӡ
˿ϺЦݣ߳ջջźЦ߳⣬мһ¾װĴӭ˽˸ɫһߵֵתǴ
Ǻ´̲ס̵ʵ
磬ʲôѶϢ
ѶչһЦһʳ̵ָ˵
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´һԲͳӣ飬
ֵҹˣ컹ûлҵǲᵽçɽׯȥ
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ÿһֵĴ£濴ȻңģǰУȴ֪жıĹƵĹƣѪᣬҲ֪жĽףֻȥᣬԷѡ
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ʱѾ˻ƻˣӣҲֻʣ⡣
аգ˽ҹӣֻӼΪȷԼյһܵŦ
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ǷһԳЦݣһɣƥçɽׯķ򼱳۶ȥ
ߵĲС·Ҿ롰çɽׯ·ʱͽһƶũҹһũҵһЩɢӣһĸм
ָмĻ˵һϡľ顣
ĽŲҲͱøˡ
ȻΣĽŲͶ롰çɽׯ޴ӰУҲҹһ

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ɽƺѲʲôмֵϢɹ̽ʱĵܵçɽׯźͽҹͬ·ߣɽׯܸߴǽǣƵׯͬһڷ̺Ŷ׷ţڴŴǷʣңԼθؤһϣԼһЩĽʰȡһЩй©Ϣ


ǣȻΧǽӰڻΣ飬ȴȻǽŵģΪ֪ΧǽסŵģʱԶȡӢۺʿԼģԼᷢκһԶȡԼ춯
ͬʱҲΧǽڵ춯ȻţóԼ΢ģɵģĲıҲ΢ɵǰƶš

ͻء
Χǽ죡
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ֻһӰΧǽƺҲµ춯Ҳ쿴ãԷǽͷȻۡϡ
Ծ󣬾վȣǰηվֱ֡
˭书⡮çɽׯЩ
ͷδתֻ꣬Χǽһȣ
˭


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ѵǽҪֺʿΪưӵġ书Ǹꣿ
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ѵдˣ˲ðҲ㡮ߡЦһ٣𣿡
Ϊ壬ֱ˿̣ȻһĿת𲻳ġѶ񲻽󲻽⣬޷ڡ롰սɡ֮䣬д˵¡
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ƾ⣡
˿̡Ѷ飬ȻţȴҲ̲סЩ˷ܣΪ֪УضһЩΪ˵ܣ˵ġܡУͺͰ׻һ


ĺһһңЮ룬ǰ˽ŵ׾ͬʱһģͬʱȵ˭ǡ˺Գڣҡҡͬʱۡһڵϡ
һʷ֮ͻȻʹáѶ̲ססԼ죬Լѿھ
ȴ⡰ƺҲһȥһ̽˵ţȻվ˿ԼƣĻ̲ס˸ǹ֮£⡰ϣմѪ
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࣬ѶӰӰôߣôݣǹͻȻԵصӿƵģϢسǰԼ۾ǿ԰еľ֣˶ȥ
ѽԭǣ
Ӱȥ֮ʱɽǿջиԵġľ񡱣
֪ΪͻȻڴ˵س֣֪⡰ʲôֻš˵
ˣ


Ѷ񲻽Ϊ֮һ㶣˭ôľҹ֮䣬ֲܵϧԶɱˣȴֻΪҪ߱ˡˡд棬ȥȴǡ⻰龹Ȼһ䣬̼֮ɫ˵
زˣʲô
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Ϊģ
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Ѷ˿̸׹УȻþǣҲ벻Ȼ˿Լµ⡰ľ񡱿еġܾǡΰơİŮŮ̴һӺͿ
⡮ȻҪΪֵưӣ֪֡սɴ˾٣ΪľҪŽὭ֣͡ھ֡ԣȴ͡Ů̴Ź̴Ϊˡ


Щõ߻֪˼ˣȻƽƽ棬ȴĪ˿ǹӳڵϵʬʬԵˣԼһʧǵ꣬ɵĺҹƽ˲֪֮⡣
ֻԴ˰Σͻس̾һ
Ҳȥ
Ѷе˵ͷңҲȥġȴľŭ
ľЦһɭ˵
Ϊ㲡ˣȥ
亮ӿЦ
ЩǾƲԣҪԷƣ뵽ܲȥ𣿡
⡰ľ˵֮ɭ緢ԷĹѶȻ֪ﲻҲ̲סȫ㤼



   Ǵ ڶʮĻء¾ 

亮˵ɲ֮䣬ԶͻشһһһֵشЦ˵ȥ
Ѷ񡰲ȥַҹɫ֮УƮƮһӰƲȵ˵֮ʣӰӵǰȽȽƶһ˿̻
߽书䲻ߣӴģȴ쵱ֻδһˣṦ˸ģͷ԰ȴáľ΢ѿڵͯŮ


ѽŵü͸ġѶȻֵ֣Ϊ֮һ𣬶ȥֻ⴫˵еˣǸĸߴޱȵŮӣһ޳ȴҲڲסĵĴ׳ֵǣ󾹱һɫᣬбһͯӣҹɫԶԶȥȻ壬ϡԿɿͯӣ¹ڶȻк롣


κ˵һμ⡰ͯŮ֮棬ЩԼ۾ѶҲǣҲ벻һ˫ֵˣģĿһתֻľ񡱴˿Ѳվһֻ۾˲Ҳ˲ڡͯŮϣľȻҹ紵ǵ΢΢Ʈֱһ˫ľ



ͯһĭҪѿҪԾǻģҲһʻظ¹£ĵطҲǣȺ죬ҹˮϣԸԼκһطҲԸֻǡŮһЦһָġЦֵ
˼ҲԸߣƾʲôҪǿ˼ңο֪֪Լᣬֲ
ľĿһתӡͯŮٿȻ壬ľޱ飬ȴҲ֣


Сͯ͡ŮŹϵⷽתȴһЦǰһǡͯѴӳѶз԰Ц⡰֮ͯʵ٪壬ȴľ񡱾ٿȻ˫֣򡰽ͯͷ¡
ľظߣͯȴذľ£¹ֻһƬ޴ĺӰ̩ɽѹͷ¡
Ѷֻ⡰ͯȫ£ƺֻƵ֮£ۿǱ޿ɱܣ޿
ֻʧǡŮȴЦݣԹۣûпľ񡱵ͻȻһ


ֻ֪ƿڡͯϵɲ֮䣬ͯͻ΢΢һЦֱҲƣͻ˫һ򡰿ľ϶µֻȥѶľɽͯϽӼܵ˫ƣȴƮƮģһ˿ûУз桰ͯһҪ㡱֪ͻһ죬ͯСľȴѸغһ
д棬⡮֮ͯ죬Īǻʲôаɣ
ȴ֪ͯ˫һ֮ƣȻƮʵȴڼҾֻ֣书һɣ˿ʵͶ䣬żۻ


һܣ亮ƣľһһֱ亮ƣľһ죬ľֻһȣһ𣬲غһⷢȫ٪ˣ֮ģ˿̼֮䣬ѻǿУֽеΪ塣


ֻͯһЦЦУκٿ֮䣬ƮƮƣδľѾһɭǵĺ磬ӭ΢ݣ۽бĿӣͨһ亮Ҷ¶ϣľңƱֱ顱أƣ߱۳ֱֻֽͯЮ룬գۿ޷ܣ֪һ죬ɲ֮䣬Ӳ⡰ľƣСһӵľͷ½ϣ˫бָ֣罣򡰿ľ񡱵ҡ羮Ѩȥ
Ʈȣ˫ת֮Ǻš


ľ񡱵һ˦硢šľƣ亮ƣػ˸ȦȴһֻƣٿȻһСȦ¡Ȼƽƽ棬ȴؼ汸ܲ͸磬ƿɽʯڼƷеľС


֪ͯ˫գһͷϽ£ȴ˫Žżľƣ亮ƣԵġϪѨڰ֮УԽѨ֮׼ľͷΪ֮һݣһٴСͯԵ


Ҫ֪ľֶ꣬书ʵй֮ͯȻЬѥ˫ɨУʱù۽ϣ˿ѾãƽϢ֮ƣƮˣȻùһ֮ΣǰȴŴ¶ľƣƣѻȫȴһһֻϣֻǰؿһ¶ʱ


ֱ֪ͯ۵˫ȣͻһվͻһͷ½ϣƼӳľҲ벻ۿǿ֮ĩձƣҪƣﻹüƷһ飬ͯһץȴֿסţľ񡱵ʱȫͯЦһ˫ٿȻ£żߡ顱Ѩһ㡣
Ѷֻ⡰ͯշɣв˫һ㣬ת磬ٿƣٿȣ֪Ǻźɵ书
ͷԴ󺧣ȴͯһЦЦУľ񡱵صڵϡ
áŮһЦƣ£ޱ;Ц
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鷳ľͷȥҪίǼ죬Ƕ졣
Ѷ˸
Ƕ졣а⣺֪б˿ǡ̾һ룬ֻŮһһľ񡱵Юв£ֶǡһЦ
кö㡣ȥ


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ҹ


ȻѹһգҹԲֽȴֲΪԼġľԱľ֮飬ЦְҵھΪ̽˵˽ܣʱòߵĴۣҹȻʹҹȻϧðգߵҹǱĵط

˿̡


վҹ£ȻǸ߹ҹĵط£ҲȻôأǴĵطһĵ̾˿СĵĹһۣǴִģ֦֦ҶަĸƵģŨܵظɣϳݴټɵصľ޴ٴηĵص˵ͷ
Ǹȫĵط
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ڵϲת
ûκ·ĵȴţȻôʼͣҲҹû·أֺοɵȣһְοԼٵһ£ȵңҾߡ

ѴСϪһͷˡ
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ѽӦ֪ҹʲô·ģѵ˾ΪҪҿԾͷҪһµķᵽߣǸӣСĴ𣿡
ԹԼӵ
֪


Ŀ⶯ͻƳһӰԶһǡ˿һ·һ·ֽţǷһѶһֻһˣֲһס˰ΣֻԽԽֽȴԲͣ趯ţȥ޹ɣ˰ΣֻԶһȦӣȻͻջأԶ⻮ȦӣȻһƵһšһײȴͻ߳
ѶؿһᣬֻֽŻȥȴԶֻһУԽԽЦѰ˼
ѵҲʲôȭвɣ֪ǴѧģʽҲˣٺ١Ǹӡ
ֻ⡰ȴʧǵػֽţߵǰͻһ
ǽܻ͵ΰơǱʲôϢҪˣ١Ҳüǧӣִűֲ书һֵ
һˣΪˣԽٴ˼ۣȷ⡰ȷǹһˡ
ͻ߳һͣס
ԳһľУͻһ֮߳һͣ½ŲֻһӰ·֮ӳ˹һȵ
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ԭ塣Ŀһתȴ
³ƽĽӢֻԵʶȴ벻վڴ˴üһһʵҡ


ıԶǣ⡰ȥΰơӣȴֲ֡սɣԱ˸֣ȻԺ⡰ܹȴҲ֪Լ˭ǡ֡սȻ֪˭ɵġ
ȴһ㵣ʲôӢ
ɻ󣬵⡰ƽòӢﲻף޶Уڷܵ
ˡ
Ѷһ滺壬һĹңֻҹɫޱˣаˣȴЦ˵


峿Ǹ֮գ½ҹʳס֮ҹΣǸˡǸˡˣͻӭһȭֱдȥ书䲻ߣȴҲʽһȭǵʱҡȭеһСűջһȭбʱͷۻҲûм֮һȭСš֮ơ

ЦԼ˵л֣Լزʶ˹άԼ֪Ȼͻһȭ֮£ƷͻһһȦ
ҹʱʱ̶̿ϰһ˫ƣ˿˳µʩչ˳ֻԲЩɣ֪ԼһȦܲмܵס˼һȭ
Ѷһȭ֪ƾһȭ㹻Է
֪ԷһȦѽԼһȭţŴһȭƻ֪˿ƣ⻮˸ȦԽһȭסеĲλۣȻš
֮£ԼͿ֪˼һ֣ȴҪԼȭͷȥͻ뵽Էһһȭĵ
ͷһ֮£̾мܣ֪Լһֻ˼ҷţһֻ˼ģ֪ԷһȭػԼмܣ˶ˡ
֮䣬ֻԺȻһؿһ𣬺ͷһǰһһл㱵ضȻ顱䵽ϡ


סţȻƱ㼫ȻȦأȴýȭ𣬵ȵһȭȴԷԼǴһš顱һԷطԶԶڵϡ
㵣޷Լһʽʹһ룬ȴѽ˻Ŀתȴǡƽ䵽֮󣬾Ҳٶһ£һ
ѵ˱һȭͻûˣ˹ȥһ¹ֻ⡰ƽ˫ĿͻѪĿһ̽Ϣѽ⡰ƽˡ
վԺеȻһƬʲôҲ벻ֻ뵽
ɱˣҾȻɱˣĿһʬصţ޳֫طԣɢ½һѾ𿪹ӣ¹˸ĿĹâ


Ƭ֮ǰ̸ЦڻĻǡ˿Ȼˣõлȥá屯̾Ϣţ̧Լƣ书书ԭǼôµѽ

ҹɫȻҹɫǰʬǳضصľҹĺ⡣


ֱĵһ⣬ĵ䵽ıϣȻվҲ̫Щ֪еԶôпᣬ֪˿ǰʬǽһԽӵĻûлȥ˵ô˾ͻȥģ˿ñǸΡ


֪Щеᵽе⣬ô˿ҲúЩΣ˿ȻҸģΪᣬԶֻûпˣǳǳҸ



   Ǵ ڶʮءۻ 

峿


Ĳɷǣڡŷ㲻ϵʿ޶Щʿ죬̬⣬װǸͬȴ͸žɫĿиȣȥһֱʯ·ɼЩЦñȷĺֻ̬ǾһССɽǱһССĿջʱǵĿЦ̬ȴͻ˲٣еͣפԣҿջͶԲĿ⡣



ĺģ峿⣬ӳҿջɫݶϣһƽĵǷһĿ˳иشɨǰʯϵĻҹֻϨĵ߹ϣס΢ҡҷš
ҿջƽ峿ĳССɽǱߣû˿۵ĵطû˿쳣¡
ǣΪʲôô
ĽʿӢȴڰ֣
ΰƼȻˣˡ֡սɵİȴΪʲôֱ˿̣û˿


ǾۼҿջǰˣԽԽ࣬Ҷڰе²µִΰơ򣬺صȴջеı仯ǣֱ̫ܸߣջȴȻûһ˿仯ûһ߳Ҳûһ˸߽ȥͻǵС˳һŹˣջԽûϢȺۡһ˺
𼦰


˲ԼͬŤȥֻǱһƵıԼĪʮƥʿ㴩ɫĽ£ǹβƵģһͦ͹ǵس۹ջʱһƲˢһޣͱ˹ȥһȴһƥ¿ӣ¿֮ݿƽ·ƽƽһȣһںڵգڰǰػűӣԶԶں棬ǰЩʿĸƵģȺ˴ˣȴеĴͷȥĿбӣеĶЦݣԶԶ
磬ɺã
еĲʶˣ˿зһݣԭˣǡ𼦡һ䣡
ֻ⡰𼦡һ¿ϣ۰뿪գǶδ˯ƵģкϷ¶һ˿Цݣص׳ƺãбӣָǿջ
̴Ǿס
ʻȴ˻ش𣬵˵ͷֵ


λؾſֵİɣңçɽׯȥһһޣõõܹȥˣȺɵöһۣеȥеֵ˰Σ仹֣⡰ΰơֱ˿̻ûжȴҲվͲסȥ



ɽǰвԶǰֳһƬ֣ľӳУһƬƬլӰԼɼԶãߵֻƬׯԺһԺǽҲ֪ж೤Χǽеݶα۴ΣҲ֪ж٣һʯ·ֶʮδ⣬Ⱥͱӹ֣ͽҲ֣ׯǰżӣЦݣׯһƬټԺӣ˿ѳЦԺǰһƫ˿ͷӵƺϵеֺʿղֺڰףŮѵ⡰çɽׯ
ء
⡰һڡ


⴮סׯǰ̽һߺƵġϱޡֱȺʹŴ߳һĴ󺺣оȣһЪһǡʮΧͤĴ󺺣һվȵ
𼦰


һЪ˶䷽һһȣסһֻ߳һȺһףһСȴȣĸʿһɫҰ׵꣬ڽǰȺд
𼦵мս֡Ƿɺ硢Īֵǣһӭˡ
䣬ׯһȺºӣӵһ㺺ӣ̵ػ룬̵شȺߵǰǶ㺺һЦ
벻벻սׯȻµ˿Ͷݣﵹе㲻
֡սĿһתЦ
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ɷĪЦսֵֶرŴ׼˸رӸ
𼦡һһ䣬¹תȴҲЦЦ
裬սֵҪ׼ƯĹĪֵġһ㣬ϽȥȺ֣
⡰𼦡һ롰֡սɡɷЩ粨ƹǵʵԲ²ġ
ﲻЩˣһƥֱ۴һʿ˫΢ˢطֱ˴

ɲ֮䡪
һϱޡıУսɡɷ׷ꡱһ߳⣬һ߳ׯš
ս־ȻӭׯȺԴ棺ʲôˣ
ֻǰıξ޺һȣ
ھ߱ʮʡͷΰơ̴ϻ鱤
Ⱥһʧɫ
ԭΰˡ


˵λͼӰ˿ǿ⡰ΰơ롰ֵܡһڳȺȻǾ߽ӵſڣһҲֻׯһЦ֡սɹݣһ䲻ߣȴߣһĿ⾼꣬˽ĿһתЦ
̴һ٣͸λúˡˡ
վǰֺʿȻ̺ЦǫлվںˣĪһĴָ޵
̴Ϊ˵Ϳ˼ɣͲǴģ˼ҪһƵģ۾Ƕȥˡ
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̴֪ԱǸס֣溬ЦСӣǷ鱤Ķ㿴˼ң˵ʦɵˣ˵ɡ٣㿴˼ңǿͿ˹˹ĵأι˵λɲ֪ôһλɫ


˵֮䣬սɵˣšΰơֵԼ񵶡ơ˴ʯһź󺺣ֲһнţ⣬˵ÿһͨ·ȻءһŽ֮ٴǱξ޺ľȻûκα飬Դȵ
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һ죬ƫУ߳ʮӣ֡սˢشгȣˮƽң˸ԲЦʱš
ֻ֡սɻתȥǰһŹǰйһϵһۻưƣ˫ֶ˱߾ٹת룡һǧ

⣬ƫǰʮϵɾƱȫ𣬺ȵ丵βʣ
֡սɹһЦٴ֮ƣһٱ
ѽڣֵܻһãֵиϲѶҪ߸λ
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ֻ֡սɸɿָȻ⡰çɽׯˣշϲ£ǷˬʣЦ
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ٺٸЦĿһΰơ̴ֵ
쵽˼ģȫˣݹֵҿûҪ˵θ֮ԡ
ͻɫһɫ


ƣϣӹΥ֮£ֵٲֻ֪´˺ӡⲢ˵Ͻֽܲߣֵֻ֪ܲŽѣеͬģϽֵҾüڴˣ͡׷ꡯǴ硢ĪֵܣѰãһǵ¼汸֮ˣȺ֮ס
ΰơ΢΢һЦ¾ƱԵĶֵܵ
˵֡սȫţǸɫһʢ֮ʿ
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֮ᣬ⡮ΰơȻмֵֻȸҴطȫѡһˣͻһӵ䣬תӵ


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ˣ̱֡ս΢Цתһ֣ĺ´һšŽǶ䣬ͻشʮӼʮമϱޡͬʱȼ𣬵㣬ֽм裬Ž֮֡սɻתָ֣һŻЦ˵
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ΰơֵܶһۣвԼͬذв²⣺


֪⡮ʲôһתȥֻƿãⷽ䴦߳һںĿֻĿתͦüǾ֮ɫơһü
˲ǡͯӡô
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ΰơ΢΢һЦվӣȥ
һ֮£ͷȴΪ֮һ𣬼̲סҪѿڻȻ˿ȴԲݴ䣡
Ŀһת
ˣҸǿǸ˲ţֻǡȴ̫Щ
ֻڡսɡķ£õ˴ĿȻ˲Ҳ˲ǰϸľޱ飬ֻ۽ü壬ƺ΢΢ż̬֮

ŽǱ֮Ϣ˿̴о˴˺֮ţȺ˿мǾ죬־֣ٵĿ⣬壬ȴȫ֪


ΰơ붫ֵеĶһ䣬Լ׷ꡢĪɷ֡սɣڵϯ˿ֻ⡰ߵԼ̲࣬סһкȻһ̴ͷȥֻ֡սɾٱ
ֵҾһ


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ս溮ˮĿһתͻ˫һġ


ǰͻһţֻĸıδ󺺣ΧһѪʴоһֻţȣһʴǹҺĵţ߾ٹ̧˽ţȻŭ˸߸̧𣬾˿ãչ֮£ֻϵļ⣬һ㣬͹תϢ²ͣĵţֱ̧˴ͣǹ֮ǰʶеġ֡սɻתеۻƾƱһ


ϵʵĴ󺺣ְһ˶裬ɲϥأսǰսһֻԹǰһѾѩĽ⵶ȻۡһźڿеۻҾƣſһţ֮ϣ֡սɳ磬м⵶ţһ


ɲ֮䣬ֻѪȪӿһ̧̧н裬סţѪ׳ޱȵĵţ˿̰ȫסֻˣ˿̾ɽ˿ƲֻĿ֮УȴҲ͸˼ֳ̬֮
֡սһм⵶Ե⵶䣬˿̱֡ս׳ڿл˸Բתأ۵һͷţϡ
ĵţһ
֮䣬Ⱗֱ֮ںŽԼȲ֮û

֡սһת΢һ̧֡ɲ֮䣬ڡŽǣԼȲ֮һסΰơ΢Цݣ޶̬֮಻Ծ
ֻ֡ս


ҽͬѪƣ֮ƱڽҨһѪƣ˫ַǰȵһһȻ׷ꡱɷһѪƣһɶȺеųһУѪƣе仹мֳɣתתǸ顣


ΰơ̴۽ֻĿ֮УȻãȻһƬֱ˿̣ûзĴڣ̴мȾ棬޷һ֮Уվ˽ֵ


תȴȻʣκ˶ԴĿ֮ϣ͸⣬ֻ֮УȺţĵţѪ࣬˿ֹֻͣĬȻͷѪֱ



   Ǵ ڶʮء¶â 

֡սɼʶУֶ΢Ŀתתͻֱɵˡ𼦡һϣ
մԽϵͬԴݲµأֻǡߺߣֵҵҪһס
𼦡һŨüһһЦ
ֵܽˣֵֻģѵô
֡սɫһ
ҽͬѪΪˣĹǽϵͬԴȴֻ֣ٺ٣ȴʹֵЩˡ
𼦡һһЦ
ѵǽͬȫҪ˴˻ô
֡սĿɭ


ڼֵܣĹѱǵУǵбѣѡأǵУƾһԶ˵մֻǿ֣˵˵ȥȥٺ٣ߺߣȴδ⽫⡮çɽׯֵ̫Ǯˡ
;ͻЦЦ֮ԱΪߣĿӥգ䣬ԡ𼦡һϣΰơ̴һˣ˫һĿעһġ


ȺٵĿ⣬˿ֶ̲е𼦡һϣһָգ溮ˮ΢ȺĿ⣬Ҳлħڵƣڵƶţң󡭡

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һ߳һСӣɿһͻ׿Ц
˿̵ǽţһ֮ʣȺȻЦв붼һתĿȥֻ⺺һҡڵ˳Ц
ǵбѣѱǵСսׯѵУԸ⡮Ϊˣȫǵжô
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˭սǰ˷ԣֻòˣ̬Ⱥûһϵô˭
֡սŨüһתͻЦ
ѵ»ʲô鲻ɣ
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ֵܻ췹ԣǰ׵ӽ쵶ӳǹƴǣͷѪȻǵɽ𺣣ǹֽҪˣҲһ˿һĺսׯ˵⻰ǣ
⺺ȴ㣬һ˵ûһ֡ս˫ü΢壬
ǡ
ǺӹһЦ


ˣ˵սׯѡʲôҳ¹ȵ£ȴҪԣλǲо˵ҵȺı£ѹסЩͷѪѡҪλ书ҡ
ЦһٿȻס˫һ棬ȫȻһоƤѰ˴̬ܵ֡սŨüһ
˭˭ָʹҰçɽׯŵĿͽҰ֮ءѽҽ󵨿ͽץȥ
һˣ´󺺣Խڶ𼦡һٿȻ𣬴ȵ
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𼦡һЦ˵ǲսˣֺαءߺߣȾ˶Ŀ
¹һЦˣҪսׯҳĵûл˵
ΰơ̴Թۣ˿ͻȻɿһЦǼǼ


ڳȺٵĿ⣬ٿؾת̴ЩֺʿвɳӵĹ֪ʱ˵أΰơȻԣط֮£һ˴ǧͷãȻ˼˿仰һתĿȥ̴Ŀһ

ɲ֮䣬嵫ȫһ̴ֻԼЦݣɲ֮䣬ͻǰǡھ֡ĺԺ֮е£ҲٿȻԼĳʱµľġ
֡սĿš𼦡һ䣬𻰣ȴͻֱͦ߳ǡ¹ǰ
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˿⼴ΪվԼǰ棬̬ʣ˫Ŀ֮У⡣
һʱ֮䣬дη֮ģҴ
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һˣд棬ٿȻסڣֻ
ȻҪҽ书ôͿЩְɣ


ͯĿ⶯ͻͦв潻Ҫཻ֪Ϊâ¶Ե±Թϳɡŵ࣬ȴһֽʿӦеĺʿ֮Ҳ֪¿ܾ࣬ĥˣҲ֡


˿飬Ʒ¶˯ʨͻѣֲ֮࣬Ϊ֮ϲȴмֵģ书¹ĵ֣Ŀһתֻǡΰơ΢ЦĿע壬֡ս˫ȭգɽɷɫأĿ׷ꡱ˫ü΢壬ڳ˼ݸ֣ȴƸûнǰĺӳ¹ϡ


֮еȺеǴΪŹеǷѪΪ˽֣еǡ֡սɵ˽ĸеǴΪѵġ𼦡ڣеǡΰơ̴£еһ뿴⡰ۣеȴϣܳ¶֮ӣġ䲻ͬĿȴһϣȻǡɷ׷ꡱ֡սɡΰơЩѳԶ˿̱ĹʣҲҪȻʧɫ

󣬴̱һƬţǳ¹Ŀ⵽תƺƺֱ򡰽𼦡һ䣬֪һ˿԰˼⣺
꣬ƺЩŹ֣ΣȽ¹һҲá䡰ߡһ˵
Ѽһ书˿̻֣ʱ˫һ˫ĿһҲ¹һۣЩһµĽ𼦰ڣ˰ɫҲеĿпʼꡱеڷ
Ǹӣ֪ȴû֣еĳţʱ֡ΰơȻЦԹۣ¹ηǰûڣ˿ﻢ£ͻشһ
ƴˣһˣ壬ȺֻǰһһҺδĶ¹ƽշ˳ȥȡһڵϣҲˡ


ںȺʧɫ𼦡һǾȻɫ䣬ǽ壬Լ۾ΰơŨüһͻس𣬡֡սʶذγȣˢչɷֵܶһֻۣ˴ϣ඼ɫ


˿˼Ǹֻ֣ͬСΰơ֡սɡɷ𼦡һ䡢׷ꡱֵܡˣʩչʽֻʽȻ򵥣֮λ֮׼ȷ֮䡢֮죬ȴ˵̾ΪֹЩֺʿ䶼޵ָ֣˿аԼûһ֪һе
֡սĿתͻػ߳
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ֻվƺֻظƬǰĳٶɫ֡սо֮ȴ¶ɫŨüһ򡰽𼦡һ䣬һߣЦ


ֵ۲äλ书ǻл֮ԡȺ纮ѱ巽һ¾׵书һˣٸҷԡٴοЦһΰơһֶƱֱ˹Ц
һ겻벻书Ȼ˹˿ϲҾһ
֡սɫ䣬Ҳ벻徹̴ʶ̴֮£ƻ峤һȺд棬սƳԩҶͷˣ
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ΰơһЦ׺ȸɱ֮ƣ
ããһִ򣬻߻Уս㵵ǣеĵ֮飬ߵøɸɾ˰ΣǿЦ
ԭ̴ʶ
̴Ц
ױסһ𣬡ʶ֣ƺת壺˵ǣ


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ΰơĿһתЦ
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׿Цһֵ
սׯѪ֮ģƥһţЩŪòҴ˿£ȺδѪƣ˿̻Ͽɴ䣬ϷǾˣȴѵȵЩļ
֡սЦŵŵ
ǡǡ˿ﻹаҪ֮⣬ʱ˿̣ӢۣȴԼԼͣ˵ԵĻǡ𼦡һͻشЦһ


Ӣ벻书˾ˣĻʲô˵ֵǣһѪƣ֮˹ȥҨһѪƣһɶߵǰһ񣬺


ԴԺҵ磬ʲô˶Ҵĵһƴˡһգմأ죬𼦰ڼ˰ˣҲȥѪƣ⡰𼦡һ䷽һ⡰֮ᡱսɵɫսɳԹ˿̱㲻ң޳ˡ


±仯ǲƹ˲Ϣ֮䣬һ֮ˣ̴𼦣˿̾㶼һ޳ɣΩֲһ޳֮ˣ˿ȴһԣȴ֮ˣ䷴ԣȴûһ˵
ͯӡˡ֡սɡɷ׷ꡱϵɫںЦȴЩǡ
Ҫ֪ͯӡ˿ԹۣǽЩ˵£


֪ΰơ½֮󣬽ŽᣬΪȻҪƻŻλ壬ת㽫ǰȫƷһΪ֮ĹϵȻսЩһ˽֣ͷΪ֮ˡ


ͯӡеǵǣУ̴֪֮壬ȫ⣬еĻΣ䲻ʮˣҲż֣˱ã˵ȱ֡սøתȻȥȴҲ벻һ֮


ֻǳ¹ѱս£̧ȥ֪Ⱥһ䶼Ÿƺ«ˣȻѪƣ֡սɿֱͷ飬乶䡣ΰơڽǺЦһֵܶʶһֲסЦѯһɫ֮䣬ʮֹС


Թۣв֪̾ԣһ̴ֻ֮˿ûж̴֮⣬̴ȻЩ֮Ҳȫûзϣ˿̴·ֻصһǰھ֡еĹ⾰̴һ䣬һ䣬Ҵʱ˵أﲻ㣬̴ûжʣҲûж˵
˰ΣʵͲסŵ
壬֪ӿɻô
ΰơһͻ̾


֪÷Ѿˣ̡֣ȴҲ򲻿ǣں԰еҼΪֻ벻ǰңȻȻˣȴǵĵģ֪֪й˳㣿
һ󼤶뵽Լһ֮Ум̴Լ̲סۿһ죬ͷȥ˵мĺûȴ˵̴ֻ̾һԽӵ


ʵֻҪúˣұ㽫㣬кβɡһ̧ͷ̴ֻĿƣԼִͷȥ⡰ֶˣϸʲôڣǡ֡սɿиǼŭߵɷ࣬Ｘ䣬ɷֵȴ¶ɫ˰Σסҡͷ֡սɳ̾һֻȺ˿ȫѪƣеľ߻УеľߵǰΪ
ǻŭȴ⡰ġһϱǱδ󺺵ŶԴȵ
ɡ



֡սɻðɣȥ˱δͻһȭǾ޺ϣǾ޺δˣһֱʹȥ亹ֱ֫ͷԳٶۣ֪еı仯Ҳ벻ͨׯΪλͻȻԼһȭֻսЦݣµ˿ȥʹȴҽгŶӣ˼ﵽȥˣ
֡սȻ˱һȭȴһȭԳģϣɿһ޾ɵ˵
λѪƣȫԼֵܣԺȣҪٿˡ
˿΢ԶЩˣﻹаǰ˸߲ҵӣ𼦡һ䰵Цٱ
սׯڣǸһоδܾ֮£ȱһʵúܣҾսׯһ
֡սһ𼦡һüͷһ壬
ֵ˴ϲ֮գսׯѵʲô˵ô
֡սɸЦһٱ
˼ˡ˼ˡٱһɡһƱطϣֱ޲øһҲһȭŶ˼


Ǿʢçɽׯеִ֮ˣϢϾƲˣʱġᡱ˿̴ȳɣĬĬŵ壬Ӵ˲Ͻֵ书ҲӴ˳ֵĻģȴδһ˿⡰书Ǻźɵģûһ˿⡰书ǳΣ



   Ǵ ڶʮ߻ء 

֡ս޾ɵغƾƣȴǡͯӡͻ˹ߵ䣬֡սʼŨü壬Ļȴͻһ
Ŀ⶯ؼæЦк
֣ʶ̴ô
΢΢һЦ
̴Ӣ½ţСѾãֻϧԵʶѡ

̴壬λҵĺҲЩ̴֪ûУ
ΰơĿתתͻʲôɫ֮һ䣬˲һЦ
ؾ˳ơͯӡͯɣϷҲѾˣȴ벻ĺѡ
ຬЦĿ֮УȴһݷĹâ̴ĿԣãһЦ
̴ˡ
ԣһԼΩһ֪Լ̸Ͷ֪֮䣬ȻԶЦݣһȥ֪ǼЦѣﲻΪʧȴû뵽ġ


࣬˱Ȱ棬Բƴ֮λټ롰ΰơͻȻʹк¶âѸģȻֱֱҪͯӡһѣȴ




̴˶Դ䣬סڲԣܣƣ֪ΪˣȴЦݣʹԡ֡սɡ׷ˣҲû¶˿һɫü΢壬˵仰֮Ľ֡
֪֡սͻعЦ
ٵ֮λǴϲ֮£ȴ벻̴ĹˣǸϲϼϲ˺ҽͬմĹ⣬Ҳ̴ֿڷˡ
Ⱥһ㵣
ս˵йĻˣ
ΰơŨü΢壬ڣȴ֡սԽӿЦ


˿Ȼֵǵ磬ȴֵʶãֵֻ֪书ߣȴ֪Ǻɸˣһ̴֮ԣ֪ԭ׼̴һô书ҲǺ̴ͬԴˣ
ΰơŨüһ壬ͯӡæӿЦ
С̴֪¶꣬书ȴ뿪̴֮ϰ̴֪Ҳǣ
һ׼ѧ侭һ˲֮䣬ͻͷһڡھ֮֡Уϰ䣬α˳Ϊţֶͨ򲻹ʹԼҲԼĲϡ
ֱգʧȥ֮ģȴָתǰ֮䣬ڡͯŮ£ѧ书էһ֣Ⱥ
Ȼֱֱ˿಻ƴ


ѵǰұ̴ֻ岻Ը书Թƭô̧ͷȥֻΰơɫΪѿ̾һΣ粻̴彫˿ֻѶȻ书Ҳһһ⡣뵽㲻룬լʺԼȥ̴ֶ廳ɡ
ȴ֡սֵ
ֱֵգ֪ԭ˷Ӣۡǹ޵С˫ĺˣ˫ǰӢֵδۼȴöˡ


ԡ֡սɱ޺øУ˿Ȼ̸ԼͷһѪӿ⡰֡սǧ㲻ãԼǺõģۿһ죬һԲվսһһԲȥֻͷʣǧپ˵ĻȴһҲ˵
֡սæһ


СɷСˡҪ֪еıݣȫ޹أ֡սȻϵÿ岮˿ݣսԳơСܡҲ̶ֻС𼦡һ֣֪ŪЩʲô飿

ֻսͻֳ̾һ


˫ǰ¼ֵܹöˣ˫ֵõҲ٣ֵܺ޸ϵ˿Ȼֵܵ磬ô£ֵܵ£ֵΣҲΪ𡣡
Ⱥ붼һ㵣Ҫ֪ɱͷ롰һŷƽ֮ͬھ֮££˲֪˿սɾᣬȺо㶼棡
Ǻ¹ѾˣѵսֻҪ˸ô
鼤ɬ
ȸ֮ʱδҡǳ꣬˶ûС˵Ȼϡ
֡սŨüһͻȻɡһƻ


˾Ǻߺߣ˭ļ˱ƽŷͷ֮ˣĿѱ٣˭ܶǺֵߺߣбضΣ˵Ǻִ˿̲ҡ
һ٣۽ֻΰơ溮ѿѼвԵ⣬ȴ˵
̴˵֮ˣ֪Դ¿Σ
ΰơɫ
࣬Ϊ򵥣սׯһ˵ȴƱøˣսׯ
֡ս䡰ߡһضĻ
񾿾Σվֻ֪֣©ûֽ֮ܰҲûԶ֮¡
һ٣ͻشȵ
ҽͬˣ˺˶ýѪԼѪһϣʱʱ̣̿Ϊ̽ѰµŬ˵գƱȵΪĿ꣬Ҹһ

ȺͻȻһٱͯӡĿ֮䣬ɱ¶ΰơɫһޱ飬﾿Щʲôȴһܹµõ
мͷʣٱ֮ƣ˳УΪǻѪĿ⶯
ǻѪסˡ
һƬ֮Уͻػһ
ֻ㷢磬ҷأɫ԰ףӨһ˫۾ȴһƬӨǶ顣
ȻϢȺȴεһתͷ
Ů̴
֪˭ڽеͺһ֮УͺŮ֮䡣


һ̴ûڶһ˿ֻΣֻҲ֪⾿ʲôôңԶȴôʵңԶþ˿ӳ㷢ϵ⣬ʵҲ⣬øо֪Ĵڣ֪һ

⣬Ӱӣӳڵϡ
ӰӣǰƶţҲת棬ӰӴĽż⣬ҲĿѴĿһ
Ŀ⣬εߣؾһҲʲôطҲʲôطκֺγüſڣû˵ſڣҲû
нͶ
ΰơɿһ
ôҲˡôҲˣ
һ˵Σڶε˵ñȵһθ
̴Ӧһ
ˡĿ⣬ȴͣϡ



Ⱥ˿ǧĿ⣬Ů̴壬һһŮŮĹǰǧ޲ɷеĸӢͦ㣬ٷټǵ飬и䶼ЦǵĳգԼ֪䣬Ҳóˡ


˿ͻִһĿһתһۣƹΰơ࣬ߵ֡սǰսɱҲڴţǺӵͿһսתĿ⣬ŨüһȻ˺ʵ
̴ׯ
⺺սɷɳׯ֮̽ˣĿб̴һۣ΢΢ҡףսŨüһһĵ̴ϳ޿֣Ǵ˿д㣬ҵҪ㳢çɽׯ
һ߻УȴǺĿһת
ׯ춯Сȴׯһ¾ķĹ
սŨüһʵ
·أׯ·أ
Ǻӵӵ
СҲ֣㻽ֵܣһ
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ǺӵӵһʬףС䲻ϵãׯĺ˵ʬ׾רųϢġѶʬ񣬵ʬδԼȥãֵǣȫһ˺ۣ򿪳һֻеһϺӡǱ˼һȭȴ֪ʬ˭ģ
֡սŨü壬ѽһȴ⺺ֵ
һ֮¡
ս߳˵


⺺ӵ·زԶ֮Ͼָ׻ĸּдǡֻһСͷβҲ֪ʲô˼СٽѶʬϸһ飬ʳжָָ׷УԼҲ֮ǰдġ
⺺ӱǡ֡սɵһ£书䲻ߣ۲ϸȴһѺ֣սɲŻȥ̽
սԳ˼Σͻƣʳָ΢ָȴñֱȭʱʩһ㣬˳һӡ
Ǻʱ¶ϲɫһ񣬵


лׯ͡תȥԭ֡ս׽ƣȴ֮ţͳ£ͷһʽ֮⣬͵Ȼ۲ϸһĴ֮ˣĪ˵ǵָּһ·أֻҲԹȥ
֡սɸ׳˼Σͻֳһ˿ɭЦݣе


ѽһܣǰȴһңֻϧĸʹͣȴԶ޷õˡĿһֻ̧ǡŮ̴˿վֻ࣬һ˫Ľﲨȴϡ
ͯӡվԣ˿建߻УŲƣĿȴδƶ֣һ
磬λؾ̴ɣ
˵ͷȴΪ֡
ֺʿĪ̴֪֪ȴΪʣ뵽֣һ׽һ硯ȴΪνе֣



һˣͷͻһݣתĿ⣬Σ֪һʻصԭǰ桰硱֣˿תȻֱȴǼΪ±ѻȻ֪һ仰̴Լ˿̵ݣĿմ°ΣȴԽסҪ̧ͷۣ̾һ֪ϵκУƺѲ̴ġһƳҪ
״ĥʹ𽥱ɵ˿̴̼飬뵽Լеļįһʱ֮䣬ֻпտնȫһ˿鴦


֡սɻصУһϯǾжڣϵʮĸˣˡɷ׷ꡱ𼦡һ֮⣬еıǶֵܡΰƣԼԼ壬˿ټվԱߵ̴㽫һشϯ棬޿϶ֻһʮˣ˿и£ûһٱ磬ûһ˵


ϯֺʿˣҲʮįһúңֺ֣ʿȺġᡱ˿Ϊ֮ͻȻ仯Ǹ˹˹ģľżֻȴһŶ֮ûС
֡սĿתЦһ
̴ԶλûУϷʧúܡ
̴Ŀһ


áҪߵġƳиɫҰףĿƻ˵а֮⣬̴һ죬з԰ŭ⣬֪ҲԼһۣشЦƱЦ
̴ȻˣԱƾߣƺЩ˵ȥɣ
̴֪˱ǽɫħɷĪǣ䰵մ񣬵ʱ˿̣վڵ࣬ȴҲ㷢
ĪǼ۾ʹ绨ߣģǱī裬вץһЦ


ﶼˣαغ֮УȻɷĪ˼书ҲĸߣǺڵһѺ֣ƽòŮӣһòŮӣĻȫܵӰ٣֮оᱡҪᱡ֡
ΰơ溮
СŮͻᣬƣĪ˵ĺá
ĪгһߣЦ
޷޷ֻҪһ㣬˼˼ͺˡ˵գһֻ˹ȥƱ͵̴ǰ



   Ǵ ڶʮ˻ءѰ 

֪һַֻȥоƱͻءһƬƬ䣬֮ƣɽһͷһ
Īɫһ䣬š˲ȵ˭
ֻһң
ĪŤͷȴ֮ˣ壬һ㶣ɫ
Һ⾴ƣ㡭ȻŭȺ⡰硱Բ⻹мֹ˼ɡ


Կ񣬱ȻҲٷϣżĪǶ̴ȴѪӿץ꣬Ʊȥԭδϰһ鼤֮˳֪ĪоƱȴһӦֶ飬˿Īѯһ㶣Ц
˲ȣǿʲô
ĪĿתһת̴ֻĿ⣬ƺԼԵɫ족Īɫһ𣬱ʲôҲˣЦһƶŲһһȥ
Ⱥ㶼Ϊ֮Ȼݣ̴üһŲȴһסȴΪԸȥȴ촽֡սһΣ
ò֣
ĪЦһһ壬𼦡һһЦ
ġҲա


֮⣬ǰĪؾҪ֣Īֵ֮УԭĪǿݣֵҲ֪˾ٲ֪Ƣһ˳֪ĪǰͻӰһֻ֡սվǰ
ĪҪʲô
ĪЦһڣ֡ս֪ʱ˿ֻ̣Ҫ˵Ļӿڵ
ĪѵҵʲôôĪ˵ûлľƱ㡭
Ī˫üһ
˻
սһЦ΢΢֣֮࣬ͻؿ첽һӣ˫ֽսһ˶һȴһֻꡣ
սЦ
ֻ֮꣬ȴδĪоƱ
塢Ī붼һ㶣ֻǶͻسЦ


սׯȻĪоƱҶġȴ̴΢΢һЦӵʰһֻǩϣȺǱɫⶫһֻǩ˲֪л˵ľƱ⾢ַԾס
ĪЦһͻת򶫷ֵܣг֮ɲ֮䣬ѱýţһ֪ΰơͻ΢΢Ц
£ƱȴҲ
˲Ϊ֮һ㶣֡սͻЦһЦ
Ȼ̴ĺͻץһֻƱ˳ڵϣƱأһ죬ȴȻ˿δ顣
սɴЦ


ԶƾССһֻǩƱ£ЩƱȴ׾ƣ쳣ţһԡ˳һֻƱ˫üһȴΰơͻ꣬һųвһȡһһϣȺһ㶣Ŀ⶯ȴ꣬ѱںڣΪ֮Ⱥɫ䡣
ΰơὫϣ΢΢Ц
ĪоƱȷǶֻ飬ΪĪвޣԩͷծԹѰ˱ǣȴֺοñ˳һ£ǲм֮⡣
ɷǰң˿ĪоƱ˻飬Īֵܣûһ˿ԺηǼΪ֮£һʱ֮䣬ɷĪɰת죬ɺתף߳ŭ֮£һ˭
ɷ֮Īϣй֮ˣԲ˵˿̼¸޹أվ𣬽ӿںȵ


ѼȻֵΪѣͷ¶βȴ㲻úӡֵȻŭȣ֪ԺηҲ֪˶Ŀת˿̴֮ͷӵʲôҲ޷


֡սɫֶĿȴɭɭһ洰ӣǷֻʬĺӣʹͣѻصУ˿Ŀһת˳ȥ֡ս΢¶ЦݣƺԼĿΪֻǺӷߵţҴ⣬ͻشɭɭһЦЦȻת΢ȴȺһȻɫ䣬·ǷЦ֮ˣԼһ㡣
Цδˡ
Ҵͻ޷Կһߡ
ĪݲҰףһɷǣ


ɷԳġ롱Ͳɣƣһ룬һͲΣ߶ʮһ룬Īֵܾ˫װͲ֮䣬Ƿʮ룬ҷʱԶɴɿ⣬ְ֮У֮Ե⡰롱λҲ֮Զ


˿̵ߵ㺮ǣԲߵ㺮ǵҴǰȴѱǿ֮ĩƵ˥һЦһˣߵ㺮ǾϤϡֻôǰһϯʿһȻ߱ܣΩְԼϡ


ϢЦδӰѴˣǴ֮һ죬ӰһɣۿƵ˥ͻظһƣཻĵһһ΢΢ƫһ΢΢ƫңֽбɣƮƮڵһϯ߿϶ϣǵ㳾Ⱥһۣв
˭ṦȻ˾ˣ


Īֵ֣ܰӰԷ룬ֵȴҲΪȥֻһظߣ٣ݽľһϥۣȴִֿĿת֮䣬һ㡣
ĪֵһݣתĿȴһˣǿ٣Ŀ䣬Ŀ磬һһģһ
˴ˡأɲ֮䡪
֡սŨüһѿڵ
ԭ˫ˣ
̴ȴһ΢Ťӵҵľԡ
Īֵͷ붼һݣسֻ⡰˫ľľɫ̴ʱ΢΢һЦ
̴
壬죬ǵȥˣ



ľЦһЦ죬ȥȴ죬˿ϣһ㺮˪Ŀ⣬Īֵһɨ˿䣬ⴺңĪֵܱĿһɨ纮̲꣬ס˸䡣
֡սǿЦһ


˫ѵϣղ֪罫λ˼䣬ýսɸˣ롰ɷѣȴԸ¡˫ľǿУ˿ȷ֮⣬ֵΣս޹أսȴǻӭĺܡ
ֵ˫Ŀһľ
ǶѪѵçɽׯĴ֮ôĿٿȻһת䵽Īϡ
ɷĪһЦ߾ǰ꣬ЮǷű̴µһ΢â̵ںӵ
ɷ˫ľȻˮˮʲôµҪλҪ㹫
亮Ŀ纮ζĪϣص
Ҫ㹫ߺߣ˫ĿһٿȻסڡ
ɷĪײа
Ҿš˫ľ֮ܣԶԩ޳Բ֣ɫѵҡɷ㡮˫ľôһˣͻ΢΢һЦЦ


ʵλأµȵǰ¼ȻûгԿЦԣΪͻȺ㶼棬ɷĪԭҲǸǿиɣӲĽɫͻֵܣȻˡ
ֻĪϽŵ
ֵʵ˵ͻ˫һʮ㺮ǣߵľߵ


⡰롱Ե˿ֽ̾Ⱥؾһֵ֪Ȼ书ǿ⧲֮£Ļÿ֪ۿʮ㺮ǣѽֵϣֵξ˿֮⣬վڿľԱߵ̴˿಻һʧɫ


֪ɲ֮䣬ľϿĻۣͻһǣͻȻ˴һ㣬һͻȻֻۼʮǣ䶼ʵʵشϣȴҲմǵƤ⣬а֪ǡľ֮Ⱥ䶼֪˫ľ书ˣȴҲ벻ǵڼ˵زΰơĿ⶯಻΢΢ʧɫĪֵֻܸľһգһ죬ʮĿڸ룬ȫ䵽ϡ


Īֵܴ֮£һۣƶֵ˲վһУȺаһ²ɲ֮䣬һ񶷡ǽЩģ˿վ³֮꼰㣬ԶԶߵһߡ
֪ľ΢ȥĪֵһֵۣˣ˿̾һߵǰ
ֵˣΪʲô֪ô
һ㶣ӿڵ
λǰ棡
ľЦһ
ֵˣΪ̸ֽֽµ书ѵ֪ô


ˣ붼㶣жֵ˵ЩëĪֵܰǣȴȥ鷳£ĪֵǴ󲻽⣬ľϣã̴ֻһ㶣ǰȥ
塢壬˼Ǹʲô˼Һԩ޳𡪡
ľٿȻתͷ
֪ԩ޳𣿡
̴һﲨһתͻش׵
ѵ˼һϵ·ôʵֲĹ
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޹أվԶЩ
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̴鼱ģʧɫĿ˲Ҳ˲壬ָҡͷϣ֪峤̾һ
Сʦʦȷǵλǰǡ
亮ءߡһӿڵ
ˡ
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ʦгͽˣʸλѵ˵ͨôҪ֪ǧ֮УѰ֮磬ʼңĪ˵ʦгĿͽܣԶЩĹϵҲǣϡ
һʱ֮䣬̴漱ôأ֪Ǻã֪书⡰˫ľĵ֣ȴֲֵܰΪУﲨһתսɣа
ǵ磬ѵǾֹܹܴô
ȴ֡սвסҡȣǲһ
亮
ģֵܿͻᣬò㼸֣ض֣ﶯ֣ѡˣ
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δˣͯӡͻЦľɫһЦʲô
Цŵ
ЦǾš˫ľ书ǿҴ֪ȴ³
亮ɫɫ
ֵܴʲô˵
Цδһָָΰơ̴һЦŵ
֪˭ô˱֣߱ʮʡ˲֪˲ġھ֡ΰơ̴̴̴˵ǹϵǳ
һ٣ָת֡սɣ


֪˭ô˱ǽеġܣçɽׯׯ֡սսָٴһתתǷɺ磺֪˭ô߼˳ơ׷ꡯպաָһ䣺ϡ𼦰һ侪죬䶯أŵŵ˱ǡ𼦰һָһȦָ壺սׯǰѪΪˣĹϵ֮ǷͬСɡ
Цͻһ٣ֵ
㵽Ѱ֮ǰѵδһ£Щ𽭺Ӣۺʿ֣˫ľȻ书ǿߺߡֻҲδܱǿȥɣ
ֵĿһתԼȻݣֵˣһ̴ۣĴ󶨣֪ͻһͦ
ծӻծܻʦͽ֮䣬ֵܸӣʦծͽ쾭֮£ʦȻλǰСȻܣҲӦʦһеλǰģСɾֺ֮
̴Ŀһţ
㡭㡭㡭һ˵֣δ˵ģ֮⣬Կ֪
峤̾һ


˼˵Ҳ֪֣ҵĺ⣬Ǹмһ֮У¿ֱǰգɶʦ£ұʱˣȴҲʦˡһųȲܾТڸĸ಻¡˵䣬΢΢٣ͻ


˵Ⱥۻ磬Ѫ֮أλҪ֣С㡣ƽտˣԵ±Թмȴ֪ޡլʺ֮˿ȴųܣֱգһֱӹϵ֮£ȴ¶ڸյӢ۱ɫͷɶϣѪ־ȴ˿⼸仰˵ýضس



̴ﲨעеǰʹѹȴΪ⡢м֡սĿ֮У¶֮ɫȺǰд֮ģǡΰơϾĿ֮ϣҲ¶һ˿Цݡ


ľһۣ
üü̡ת߳Ŀ˵ӰתԲĪֵ࣬⡣



Ҵȥʤһ֮£ҪҡǡδˣֻɷĪͻһҺݵһҺֱɣһݶȡһǾԲ֮ϣ֮䣬ֻյƲˣ·ɽֻ֮ڶȻһԲ̮£ԲϵġɷĪǣȴ֫Ӳá



   Ǵ ڶʮŻءľ˽ 

һͻĲұ䣬ʹȺһΪ֮Ȼ󾪡
ɲ֮䣬ֻӰ׷߱ܣֻ֮ڶɷĪֵһȣ
ߵܣôˣ


ˣһѹھֹĪֵˣԾһһ˵Īʱ֡սɣ׷ꡱǷɺ磬𼦡һ䣬ͯӡԼ鱤ֵܣΰơ̴ŮĲ໺˹
ǱʷôͻȻȴһմаι֭ˮ飬˿̲֮䣬ǰݶֱ꣬κ¾δһ㡣
˫ľסŲתűߣͬʱſڣͬʱտڣһһֵ˵ǹ
Ⱥʮоţδ塰ɷĪǱֽţ˿зʼȻ
ԭǡ˫ľ


Ŀ֮£˫ľ˲֪֮䣬һʢĸֱ£ȺΪ֮кȻٵĿ⣬һʶϣеΪǣеȴԹۣǷе֮⡣

̴ߵ࣬ƺ˵ʲôȴĬȻף
ΰơ̴ɫأûаֱ飬սһֵۣܸǲɫ
֡սŨüһ
˫ľȻ£ǡ΢٣ָȭĴָһֵָ
ڡçɽׯףսĳ˼䣿
̶Ŀݣ뷢ţȻѶŭˣֻһŽ쳹
˫ľĮɫ䣬Ȼ縺ֶǸûĻƵġ
ɲ֮䡭
ֻԺУͻȻӿʮ¾װ󺺣б񱳱еĹͷ쵶ȴΪǿӲʮͻԺг֣һ˷Ϣ
ȺеķеĶʣκһ˷Ϣֻгصĺ֮ش䡣

Ϣĳ֮УĪֵܣһսɣһҡҡͷԵĪǵѶȻĿ⣬һ˫ľֵ˵ϡ
֡սŨüʶݲߵɷĪǵʬǰע˰Σһӣ󺺣ʬ̧˿ȥ
ȻĿ˫ľͻشȵ
ҽͬˣ㡮˫ľƲֵܻӵõô


˫ľϼ޾ݣ޾ɫԵǰƣ˿޶ԣҪֵ֪ʢȻľǿʧȥǣ֪κξ̬֮㶼Է棬ԱԲӦ䣬Ծƶ


ĿעšɷĪǵʬĿԺһʱҲֻܱرֻƣ³ç̧Ḷ́˶ݣķֽ磬Ƕ̶̵żֻҪһ


˼ǳضģȴͬһҹеϪҵ˼̧ͷµȺһۣȻ㶼ʮֽţȴһ˿ϧ֮⣬񷽲ˣֻһİƽ˶ѣȲǷǹͬѪƵֵͬܣ಻һڽʢֺʿ


֡ս˫ȭգҲھš˫ľķӦ˭ܿóĵȴܳ־ãΪ˿ȫŷŭԵռơռƵˣͨڹڵȴ


ֻǣķŭҲֻΪ˫ľѣ롰ɷĪǵ޹ϵڡçɽׯǵôƵˣԼռƣǡɷһ뱻ɱˣҲŭݵġΪȻŭҲὫǷݲҪķŭܽ
а̾һȻ˽ļֵǰҫԺգӦӦϧĶ
Щڡ֡սɣɷֺʿУԶҲᱻϧģ˿ȴһϪƽע뵽ѳʴˡ
ͻرóƽ򶨵ߵ˫ľǰȥ
һ󾪺У֡ս߳һ
尲תΪʲô
֡ս
ѵûҷ˵Ļô


Ǽ̶ȴȻѱݳİ򾲴һЩϵǰر¶һ˿㣬ΣȴܼһֻͻȺмԼƣΪ֡սɲԸȺԼ㣬ҲͻԸȺᵽԼѪһ
΢΢һЦ
㷽˵Ļÿһ䶼
֡սһͦȻΪԼܱӶմմϲȴֽӿڵ
ǣѵˣֱ˿̣ǽͬ˵
֡սͷһⰲ·Ǳһϣʹһ
Ŀһɨ΢Цֵ
֪ҽͬˣ֮ģΥ֮ԣ㡮֡սɱ֮ˣô


ƽձĲ벨ۣļ裬ӵǻۣɲ֮䣬һ׶ӴƲһ¶˳ǻ۵ȻҲͱóķ񣬵԰΢ЦŵĿ˵ʱ˱Ӱֱӱĵס
֡սȻȴִŲ̵Ŀ⡪ǶǳĿ⡪һɨ
ֻΰơŨü΢壬ȴ΢΢ЦֵĿ˸ƺЩϧ֮⡣
𼦡һ䣬澪棬Ŀȴ˸һЩֻ֮⡪ȺҲ飬ֻС׷ꡱǷɺ磬ȴעĪֵܣЩʲô

ĪֵܣǷŭǱҲŸྪ档


̴ﲨǹ١οģȴһЩģͯӡڲסеο֮飬ۿĺԱ꣬𾴣Ҳ֪һ̿ףʵȴ֪жô
ϱı仯һɲ֮䣬һջء֡۵ףȵĿصϣ˾
еﾹͻЦЦ
ǽ֮ͬףսĳǣսĳǣ˭ˣսĳҲһ
Цһ٣ͻƣһɨֻһһǿޱȵƷ磬ֱԵһľλȥһ죬ľαѱɢ䡣
սŨüһһһֵؽӿڵ
ǳСĵһֱǣ
˿ԴšǡĹâ̬ȴѻָˡϣ֡սɣϾۣ֮
嵭ȻһЦ
ô롮˫ľ֮»δ֮ǰһ¶ݻ롮˫ľ֮ӣҲֻǵ꣬ͻ¶һֳ˵ϡ
֡սһۣȺֽʼɧң̴̲סһĪֵȴѱŭ
ɧһȣ֮Υն
֡սһӣԺͻӿֳĺ´󺺣ʱôͻȻϢȥǱͷ󵶵ϵĺȴԲʱ΢Уµǽͷɽʯ߷
ֻС˫ľϵı飬ȴȻ·һеķ㶼޹ء
ĪֵܵĿ⣬񶾵ڡ֡սԼתתȥսȴҲ޶ã
սĳڴ˹ݡ


˵·ȥȥͯϷһƬ֮󣬱ᰲȻʵȴ֪ȥزطΪ˿Ѷ⡰ƽ꣬ͻһη֮ģԼݻüٽ衰˫ľ֣֮ȥ

΢һȭתȥٴ˫ľλ룡
ĿȻһηȴҲ̴۲Ӵһ£һ
̴ֱβ̨ףͻһҧӣҲȥһۡ
밮֮ľ룬һߣԽ޵Ҳ͸ǿңŮ˿зذе
һѵҶҪô
ΰơĿԼİŮһۣƺ̾ϢһȻȻĿ⣬תıӰϡ
ͯӡվȻ˿ȫ⣬ֻһĿӰԶȥ
ֱߵԺУ˫ľԻʼƶŲǵʼδ뿪Īֵܵ۾
ĪֵܵƽţǽŵƣѪ죬Ϊֻ࣬˫ľǣãͻطһ˿Цһȥ

ĪֵܲǴӣȻó˫ľЦݵĺ⣬ΪԼֵˣȻԼѪĵˣûһ˸ҳΪ֪Լеη壬ҪԶȷŭǿҵĶࡣ
ȴôǿңǿҵĪֵ޷ܡ
֡սĿתһǰ
˫ľû£ֵģһĪָ𡣡
΢٣Ŀзһ˿Цݣӿڵ
ʤˣĪΪ𣬻һô


Īֵܶһۣ̾һͷȥ壬ǲһ˿⣬ΪѿʼԼųеϲо֮ܽ£ɷеӴһ겻Ϊ˿ٵĿ⣬ֵܵų
ǡ֡սɷתԸ£°ھƣĪֵܣȴֻɥ߳⣬ȥֵĺˡ
׷ꡱǷɺĿһתͻس
Īҽ鲻ҵȥĺ¡սɴ𻰣Īֵ߳Ļڴ˿ֻŻʱ£ĪֵܵģΪֵ֪ˣȻųŲɺӵ

ͬѳɣ嶨Ȼô֡սɣ˳µس˽ϵǷɺжֻİЦһ˿ûзϡ
е⣬Ŀһֻ̧ΰơ̴΢Цƺѿ⡣
ͯӡ˰Σͻش󲽱⡣
֡սһԺӰºӣһӵǿӲ󣬳ĬضĿһݣ׺ȵ
ʲô
֡սЦһ
µѵݱ˲ֻ֣Ǵĺá
ֵܶһۣĿйâ㣬вƽ֮⣬֪Ŀһתͻس̾һ
³ȥҲҪ˵һ䡮ءѡ
֡սɹЦ
Ǻεѵ᲻֪أ֣ҿųֵ书˫ľǿɷҲδܵסʮУֵܣһԤףĳɹ
ȶƱһգ׸һȴڰ˼⣺


ѽһϢܼҶԣһҪΪ˵һܣо˵书ֻһУٶἸУұ㵱Ҫ֪Ǻˡ
ȵūΪ˿ձһǧа
ѽ֪һƣھģ



   Ǵ ʮءע 



ѶһǱƽģһ֮УȴһֵԺ֪֮ҲΪ˽Ϊһ֮УϢȻЩҪǣȴһ٣㶼ʵһ˸ӡ
Ǹˣѡصְҵǧдδеְҵ


ȴδ뵽Լǰ֣ᱻеĴ֡ս˿أǰְҵϰߡй©ܵϰ߶ѡһϰǰı䣬˵ְҵҳϣ󣬱ҲõСӦõء
ֻһС
ҲʵʵҲһǰ۵Ϣȴ֪ѧһֵľѧ
һҲ룬ǸϣšͯŮ̶̼Сʱڷʲô飿

ɵĴҹɵҹ磬ɫĴء
˫ľ̴ԼͯŮһҹĵڶϡ

˫ľΪ̴Թ˼ŭѰ塣


ȴšͯŮȥǰŵ߳԰⣬ǵȻǲģȻš˫ľģȴܸһȥ̴̽ĲΪ롰ͯŮԼǰԼĵԣȴˡ˫ľķŭ
˫ľǹƧģκ˶ǵΥʢŭ֮£ǱҪǿ


֪ǵȴһֹˡΪͯŮǸǿǱͯŮһɽɽͯŮʵǶԡӡŵһĲӣҲ书
ֻµ־ѧһ޸壬Ͼ̫Щڡᡱ֮ǰѧһУмƮġͯŮҲΪһҪ£Ҫ뿪ˡ
ȻʼûʽΪͽܣзḻ壬˵Уȴһͽܶʦĸмء


ߵʱ̲סӡ٣ӡ٣ȴƮ統ʱĴһͯŮҲ֪ԹȴʹֱʶֵġŮĿҲ¶ʹɫ޷ڡ
һ죬֪ģ
˵仰λŮˣʧɫĳֻѨġ˫ľɻ塣
˫ľѨñԽ⣬еɻ˼ȴ֪ʱܽ⿪һֶ书Ŀȣȴʹڻȥ·ϻһֱϰŷѧ书
ǡѶԼȡһֵó۵ϢֻһС
һжܵģ˿ڡçɽׯеȺˡ֡ս⣬˭Ҳ֪
˿̣׷׵˽Уڲ²ʦУ°нŽΪһصĶע˫ľ롰֮ȶʤ
֡սԹۣЦ
ֻһе壬ֻڡ˫ľκһ˵£߲һеģҪʤģǴӣǰ׳գ
΢תĿһɨͻЦ
λزЩƣѵΪôˣˣˡ
Цˡӿֵ
ֱΪֹе߲˫ľλҿ¶书£ҲסôУ
аЦ⣡
ϧֻһУУֻ޷ֵˣ
һͦЦ
˭书սĳҪԸһ


ˣһ´󺺣ת˳ȥ˲Ϣ֮䣬һ̽Ԫɲ˻ŵսǰȺ۽͵ֻг飬ʮһĻƽ𣬿жʮвΪ֮ȻȻ֪ذܣȴҲ롰֡ս಩οֱ˿̣ǻһ˲µó书ǳ
֡սĿһɨѿ͸˵ЦЦС֪֮Ÿλľˣ
һ٣ͻ߳
ūţȥȡһЩΪλӢ۾ƺǲĲ
ĺºӹӦһԱΰơֵԹ̴ۣĿͣɫľȻ

Ƭֻ֮ĸ´һɲиһ̻ƽĵƹҫĿĹâ
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˹ĶһۣסЦ
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սָ߼ȷǲֲзϵˣҪͷԳմ˺õö࣬ллսׯĿ佱
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ΰơ̴Ц
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ģģ
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Ц
Сδֻ֮˰ˡ
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޼֮Сۡ˫һģת͵˼䣬֪ĺ´󺺷ٲǫһȥĶֵܣһ˹


ֵˣ֮ң롰ΰơͬԼֵˣվڡΰơһߣ˿̴̼ľٶ˭֪˾ٵ⣬ȴԼͬΪ֮㶼ȡһս಩ֵܳңССֵȴѳеĽ
֡սԴЦݣЦѸǿͷҲżⱾЦ֮٣˿̾ý
ǿЦƳϵ䱦һۣңгһ̽飬ȺۿĽŲˣֻ߳

ͻһЦƾţ𼦡һ侹ҲЦЦŵ
ȤȤȤѼ
֡սɫһ䡣
ѵҲдô
𼦡һЦŵ
ֵĶĲĳһţҪź
΢һ֣Ǳ߲߱ʽµıδ󺺣ڡ𼦡һǰ


һ׳ݳ㣬Ŀйâжʮ⺷ýȻƲָ֣Ȼ־㶼һ򡰽𼦡һ乧һ㶼ΪԱ̬ȴԵʮְ
𼦡һһЦ
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΢٣Ц٣ͻת´󺺣
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𼦡һһЦתЦ
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֡սͷһȺȻݡ
ֻһȻӿڵ
սׯˣһۣ֮ضΪսׯֵܣֻҪѡҲˣ

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´󺺣ʮ˵ĿҲһۣǸûĻƵģԳĬ̴Ķ£
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Ⱥһ֪˸Ƕ⣬£ɫ䣬عӦ
ˣ
𼦡һ߳
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벻˿ƫŹ֣ȴܵ˵ң
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֡սǿЦһˣ
𼦡һ䲻ս˵ֽ꣬ӿЦ
㣬ôֻ⡮βֵܡսׯǰһ׳ˣȻתȥִȵȥ



´󺺹һŵɲǼ䵫ԺԾ紩֮ȺΪŪ֮ýȴһ߳һصǰֻΪһˣжһյϸһɳ̵
Ӱһ֣󺺣Ըֳˣңһٴ߳࣬㣬еȴϸһ㣬˵ľ񹦣˿
֮ˣͻشһһСѱϸһжϣ



   Ǵ ʮһءԶ 

һҵĺȲ֮ʱװ𣬾´΢һ߻һǰɫǰ򶨡
֡սͷ΢ݣ˵书޷ڼҸᲢۣԼ£书֮ˣȴȿ
ȻԴȴδʧȥǣȻԸԼŸĲ£һκ޵ʤϣĶעϡ
Ȼǣȴ̫˼ԼĵλϣĿ֮£ʵ޷ܡ𼦡һսì֮䣬ͻΰơ̴΢΢һЦ
սׯȲʤ㣬עݲкη
ᣬȴ㹻˶֡սɹһЦ
ǣǡ˫һģ׵
ƽҳȥļλֵԸǰ
ʼվĺ´ƽӦһȴҲ΢΢ɫһԲת˳ȥ
𼦡һЦ
ĳƽȶģֱգ˶֣



֡սһʹҾƣĿָֽ򶨣˿̴Ͼ԰ڵ룻Ⱥȴһܰȵϣ˿仹֪յ˭ʤ˭ȴѲΪ֡սɽеа˼⣺
书طͬСɣսһôĶע
ƺԼҲĺ֮УֻķӾ磬ѪҺգĿⲻ붼ţ֪ٹһʱ򣬡Ƿ
ֻС֡սɵĿδһۣΪ֪ڴ˴ţһϱΪȻԶǰ߽ϣ

ҵĳĬ֮Уҹɫƺ죬ȼƻ
ͻȻⱼһ
ȴǡ׷ꡱǷɺ磬һſ˴Ц
պգֵЩһϷ
𼦡һ䳤𣬴Ц
ǣսׯݷɣһģԺҲĺġ
ǷɺЦ
ֵȶ֮ˣϢ±˳Ƶģر˹
̧ͷһֻ֡սǿЦЦ㲻ǵ⣬а
սѽսɣһȴͿһʱϣ˧ҪҵӴҲ㲻׷ˡȴЦݣ


ܼļӢֵۣҲ֪ĶעСȴֱʣֻ½սֶһģսˣСݻһƬׯԺޡçɽׯҲС߹ģһϺˣ
˵㣬ͷ·ͯĶһסδˣȺ̲סΰơ̴Ҳݡ
Ҫ֪֮࣬ټѴġɽׯֵʵǺš
ǷɺĿһɨЦ
ֵƽģն㶨ҪúöһģȻҵֵҲĸԸΪʮ깤򡭡ս֡ս֣ز˵ˣ
֡սһ·оѣһۣǿЦ
ֵܽյĶľ֣Ϸȴĵ
׷ꡱɫһѵֵҶĵòô
֡սǿЦĿȴǺ޶֮⣬ĿҲˣǷɺʮˡ


Ҫ֪ŵĶעս̻ˣǷɺ˿̵Ķעȴκҵ֡սȻִƽֱ󣬲޶ٻҲֻʣӣǷɺ羹׼ңעȻҪۼսƲΪ죬սɵľӴҪӮ޲Ҫ¶޽ͷ


֡սȻ᲻˽ģк޺
ǷɺѽǷɺ磬кԩҪ˶ԴңгһգǷҵߺߡ
дЦ
ֵܲ޴⣬Ų֣ĳսһ϶ֵ̨ܣҲˣҡ̨֮ϣ浶ǹ̸ֽǡǡ㲻ġ

ͻһеɣǿЦУЩʵЦ⣬Ц
ǷɺֱЦסЦ
֡սŨü΢壬
Ȼܲӣһߵİɣ
׷ꡱǷɺЦ
ֵǡɽӾ㶼ˣȻδߣһʱ֮УȡҷֵϢµĵȥȡˣΪֵ֪ܵսָ׽ϣӵĶעһؾġ
΢٣ŵ


ׯԺôֵҴ˿̱־ݣڳͬΪ֤⣬̴ֵܻͷˣ˭ˣ֮ڣ㽫ׯԺóս˵ǣĳ֮УֵܣҲҪ˵ġ
𼦡һ
СǶ֮ˣˣȴǶҪġ
ΰơ̴΢΢Ц
ȳĢ́ϷҲ
֡սľأذγȣƴ˼£ջȣʹ˼ҾơۣȻļҵѽȫʤ֮עϣȴ̲סʧ˳̬

ȺϢ˽֮ȫš
ͻսɴЦ
ü飬ּȻд˺ˣսԵ㡣
һӣȵñ
һͷƳд־ݣʱȴ
֡սľȻԹۣҾʹǿԼݣȴ޷ʹסϵĺ飬ȵʾʱͷ󺹣乶䣬Ⱥ֣Լͬ
սһ򾲣ش˿̾ʧ̬
֪֡սɴ˿̵ĸоֻ˻ΰơԹۣҲ档
־ֳݣƱһѹڽ֮£ıڵĵƻӳһݿǰĶעʹƺҲ˿ǰĹʣ֡սɺ£վʵЩ
ȺĿ⣬˲Ҳ˲ţԱĹܼƽ˿̴ҴұˣȺȻͷԲ㶼Ϊ֮һ˿ǰֻҪӰ˱㲻һ
ֻƽ󲽱֮󣬱
ֵܣΪׯСһ̫ˣֻѡ˾λ
׷ꡱЦһ
սʵġģٺ٣
ۼʱʵڲӻԾЩǿ
֡ս΢죬󺰵

´ӦˣǡǾ´󺺣ʮң㣬ȴ֪Щʲô
𼦡һĿһɨ֪⡰֡սɲһδб´Ǿֹýֻ̬֮䣬ȴԶԼµĴ򶨡
֡ս׵
ãáػعͷȥƽߵ͵ͷԸ˼䡣𼦡һĿһתЦ
֣֪ҲգӮôٺ٣ֻ³ȥʱԶʱˡ
֡սɫһ䣬Ц
ֵ潫ֵô
𼦡һƵ
֮ĲУ֮Ĳޣѵ
֡սŨüһȵ
ƽ˵Щʲô
ƽ׵ׯСİλֵܵļ
׷ꡱЦ
˿ʤδ֣սؾͳ˵־Լ磿ͷסЦ

˼أǷߵġͯӡҲѱľ˿̼ƣ֪⡰֡սѱΧ裬вΪ֮̾Ϣ
Ȼս֮Ϊˣ˿ȴҲΪпϵĶעʮĴ󺺣ͻ̾
֮ģ˭ʤ˭սׯһ֮Уд˺ģ԰ˡ
֡ս΢΢һЦдǸм
ųͻԼ࣬Ц
Ц⾲ŵУԵóȺĿ⣬һת˹
ֻЦ֮ǡΰơ̴ġŮ̴ģĿ⣬˿̱һػ㼯ףȴ˿ûһ˿ѪɫĽ֮ϣʹһ˫ﲨԵó
˫ﲨȴǴͶģ·ʵǣȴ۾
ĿעԼ֣ٵֱ񣬾ǲŲֻ˵
ҲģϵĺҲ̫Щɣ
֮䣬·ǲ֪Լ򵥵仰ġ
֡սɫ䡣
𼦡һ䣬׷ꡱǷɺĿһһۡ
һ䣬Щ˾һ뿪ڵ
˵һ֣ŷһ˵˭Ҳûһ˵ʲô
ڻáΰơ
ݵú
̴ʼռΪʹ˿̵Ⱥһ䣬Լ־˵̫Щ
̴֪ɫľȻƸû仰Ƶġ
׷ꡱǷɺĿ˸̲ס
˵ѵ̴ﻹʲôصĶעô
̴ǣ
վΰơ̴ٴε߳һ
£
̴˿ȴ·ֻʣһ徵ǣǣ·ȴƮȥˡ
ﲨֱ˿̲ſʼתһۣߵ֡սǰ
֡սɴ˿̾壬ګګ
̴кΡ
̴
ҪĵĶЩصöֻ࣬ǲ֪ǷдҲҽܣ
Ƿɺ硢һ䣬ٴζһۣĿ˷ܵĹâȺһ𣬾⣬Թ۵ĶֵܣҲվٵһ붢סŮ
֡սɰѯʣ̴һ̴ۣ˿ҲǿŮȥοҲսҵֻҪսɲ£ЩҲ޷ο֪սɾ޵ʤ֮Դ˿̾ҲŲ
̴ﲨսɣһֻҹеèǰ
֡ս̾һﲻ˵
̴ܣ˵
սګګ
粻˵սĳԴӦ񣿡
̴Цһ
ѵ㾹һŮӵĶע
սһֶϺ飬߳߸һʱۣ˿̲֪أĵһ⣬ΪǰɫŮ̬ȷؾΣګګ޴
̴̶ؽؿڵУ

Ⱥֻķ֮ǻ
֡սĿһתͻͦ˼ԼԼͷ֮Ůǰη
һˣ
Ȼˣ۹Ҫʲô޲ܡ
а
֮ģңټһЩкη
仰˵ָֻ˼۷硣
̴һЦҪĵǡ
סﲨٴһɨ
ȺҲһͣסֻһһֵؽӿ˵
һ˫۾



   Ǵ ʮءľ 

Ⱥס˿̶
̴԰׶ݣľȻ䣬ӿڵ
ǵĶעΪڣʱ롮˫ľ˭ʤ˭ضѿɷֳô
֡սɷԻָĺ˿Ϊ֮塣
ȺĿ̴תʹòګګӦˣ
ȺĿ⣬һ̴ֻ
ʱѻת̱ժҵ۾˫ַ͵ǰĻҲ˵Ҳ֪
˵Ǳ䣬޶ԣǸûнԼһ˫۾Լġ

ȺȻ㶼ǵĽɫҲδŮӣΪ֮һе̲ס͵͵ȥΰơһֻۣԼŮĶעҲҪľ
̴֪һ룬ȴɫȻ²Ⱥ׵ִ֮⡣
̴Ȼ֪ǡ˫ľĵ֣ôֺγϣͷһ˫۾ԼŮľٶûо֣Щ֮⣬Ϊʱͷ֮ѷڼ
ʵ߳߸Ƶִֺγ³Ů⣿
ֻСͯӡڰ̾Ϣһ
ַȥʱŮģһʤˣԸԼ۾ΪҲԸˡ
ֻ֡սʧǵ˰ΣͻؿЦ
ʵֺο۾µ˫۾㲻ʲôʤˣһ˫ˮﲨѪܵڽȴ¿˲̣ٺ١λ˵ô
ⷬɵԼĽţ̴ⷬģͬʱԼҲϣԴȡͬЦ
Ⱥ˿ҽۣЦó̴
ôͻݴ䣬
ʤˣҲڳ۾ҪͷΪҲԸҲԸ˵
Ⱥһ㶣㶼棬֪Ϊͻر̬ͯӡȴֲ̾Ϣ
Ϊ֪⽿ݶԵŮڲ¶Լ顣

˿Ⱥע̴ԺˣҲ㶼ӵţٵĿ⣬ȫ˭Ҳûע⵽ԺһӰһɫ飡
Ϊ̴סŲΪ̴Ȼ̾ϵǹ⣬ڵĵƹ⣬ӳݡ
ݾҲĲҰס
⣬á
ڣͦһͦţֿӵſڵȺ˴
Ⱥڴ̴֪˭ͻؾһ
ᡭᡭ
һڴʱʦķ𷨻ħÿһ˵Ŀ⡪̴ڣħƵȥ
ǰȺ˿ȴħƵԶԶ˿ȥһĵ·̹صƵġ

·Уһ˻ˣ
ŲȻ΢˿̴ʱ΢ĽŲȴǾ޸ɽƵģһֱĵס
һݵľ֮һ춯صľ
Ȼٵһ뻶ţ

ȵ𾪣ȴʹá𼦡һ䡢׷ꡱǷɺʧʹá֡ս˻ʹáͯӡ˸ˣҲʹ̴ԼĶע
ǲ԰׵ģʧģ̴ŵһ
Ŀ⣬ȴԶ̴Ϊ̴ʱǷŭޣ˿ȴֻʧʧ
֡սɴȴ֪ԼǸøˣֻǸʧŵĶעȻˣֱȴδ˿ϣʤ綫ֵܾϣʧܶһ

ڡ
սɱһ
Ƿɺ硢һһ̾
ΰơ
ӵԡ
̴һֻֻ֣еָԼһ˫ˮﲨ
ΰơüָһ
һŮѨ
̴̡һȥ
һǵĽ䣬ȫĿ⣬ֱһȣһ̣Ⱥתͷ
֡սĿһɨ
ŵĶעɲֵģ̴ͷҪˣ
ΰơ䣬˵ʲô
֡սһЦ
ѵΪȵ̴ӢۣҲ½еĳЦ
Цת׵
֣Щ˵飬̨ʤá˫ľ
һһǰƶšϺκеı¶ֻͻؿڵ
˭˵ʤˣ
֡սͷһѿڵѵô
˿еУ˭ҲдʤˣʧʧֲЩˣˣҲʧʧȴҲЩˣϲǱԼҲ֪
Ⱥ飬˿ǺǺϲֻСΰơ̴δʤ˿
𼦡һ䣬׷ꡱǷɺٴζһۣϲɫֵ֪˭˵Ұˣ
һң
ңҡⷽżžĴ˿̾嶯ǧɱŵս
֡ս˫һȵ
λһòã
һȻЩЧãȴ֡սɵãֻó̾һ
֣㵽ʤˣǰˣ
ľȻʤˣʤˣ
̴һ䡢Ƿɺ磬ͷһ
ľȻӿֵˣˣ
֡սüͷһа
ѵòô
ӿڵʤˣˡϺطһ˿Ѳ΢Ц



ԭ巽ͷҲصرçɽׯ֮⣬Ҳܡ˫ľǷˣֻܻ׶Уǽ̤࣬ѰټѾʿƵģƫŹֵġ˫ľ˿̵̾ظ˿ûдߴ֮⡣
ƹׯǰҵĳֻصƧ֣ʾľҶȴԴ䡣
µȷ˵ģ


֦ͷݣľԵÿǰƽûбʱľţ಻Ǵݾʱֿ򶨣ֻƽƽ˿һλõĸɮӨݣһϲȰţΪȻûв͸书ķţȴѲ͸У˿ȥһ΢Ц顣
˫ľһۣԵ¶еľ棬ֻ建ת
ﶯ֣λô
ľɿһ亮΢һʾ⣬
˴ѣ
庬Цôλ˿ѿɶˣ
亮׸ɿһת׵
úáĿľδڣĿɫȻľǰȥ֣֪ľȴѳ
϶ȥ̡
亮һګګȥô
ľȻȥ
ֵ˴˿̾˭ҲԸȥִп쾭ĸȻҲ֪˾ôס
亮޿κεذ̾һ
ããȥȥ
ߵǰ΢΢һЦ룡

亮Ŀֻ̧ϵ΢ЦôȻһ书õָ֣һصĶ֣֪书˿ضʮСĵС
˿̣ȴ˿û˶ֵ飬ګګ
زȳ֣
庬Ц
²λ֮⣬λսģȻӦø³ֲǡ
亮΢΢ףƺΪͬԷļ⣬
ôҾȳˡ
ɿһǰһһƣȥ
һĳ˿ʱ䲿λֱǸ޾ɵĸףҪȥŮ
һ㵣ָȥ亮ջƣƣ̧ƣ޾ɵһȭȥ
һȻмܶмˡ
亮ز֣
ⲻǻ֣
ŻҲһȭ亮һֻҪһɴסš
ȴһһԲػͷߣߵľǰľ˰Σ
Ҫ޶֮Լȥֺˣҡƣúܡˡ
ľĿУƺһ˿Ц⣬׵
ããȥȥ

ߵǰԼ䣬Ҳ˿ûг֮⣬ֵˣͷһůҲ벻Ĺϣ飡
ľ˰ӣƺԶʲô¶Щ亮Ŀһ˿Ц⣬
ӣҲһԶֵġ
ľͷһۣھƣһȥֻ
֪Ƶ;ľͻȥ૵
УУֵԸçɽׯеȫɱҲԸֲһ¡϶˵
亮ǰ׵
ľ˰Σͻִ
˫ľһۣҲ޶˱꣬ʦҲͽܣ쾭֮£϶˵𣿡
亮ס׵ôôأ
ľԴ˳ת
Ȼ书ܻİɣ
ʶص˵ͷľ
ô˵һԱԵĶ黭ʲôԡ
ֵ˴˿ʵû˺֮ģԱַʵֵƧ书֮⣬Ҳòࡣ


帩׳˼˰ΣȴԼ˲书֮⣬ļһϲͨ棬бڡھ֮֡УΪ飬Ȼѧ١塢顢Щ֮£ֻɵ鼮ѣճЩֱĹʯϣű̿˼
뿪ھ֡󣬸ǵ࣬ʧʱȥѧϰκ֪ʶ˽
˼ãͻñѡʹԼֱ֪޵ͷʹ


֪֪ȷǼµ£ҲѹʹԼȴ֪Ȼûб˶еĶ֪ʶȴһΰġǴ˶ǳǷȱģҲɲеȱ㣻һΰů֮ʱٻȥıġ
ʹ޵̾Ϣһ
λһ֮УʵڡʵڡͻҪﲻ
ľһګګѵʲôô
ǿᡪеĿ־ʹ࣬ʹģ˿ĵֻԼ֪ԶȡįҪµ¡ص˵ͷµʵ
˫ľһۣĿתʱǰԭеľ⣬ֶһů

΢ֵͻϥлĺӰĬĬس
ֵƽΪңǲԹˣŻɹƧĸԡ
Ǵ˿̵ͻȻ֣ǱǻҪֵñȴĬĬسˣĳˡԼΪԼģ˿ûжԱ˱ԹʵϣȴɱԹġ
Ų񷣬̹ǵıѴǰƽ飬ɰܣпôǶԼ֪Ҫôʹܽһʵ
һƬδҶƮ䵽ϣƬҶͻؾԼҲƬҶһ
ֻҪһ֪ʶܴ֪ʶľȥ¹۲ĿɰΰôұɺЦĿˡ


ĵʹ˻ţ֪ôǿңԶκ¶ǿҵö࣬ľҲ̼ƽľײӦеľӦеǷ



ĺɫ١
ˣ⾲ŵľϸ׽ζʱȥ
һѻ亮ͷͻȻһݣҲͻ¶ϲɫ
Ͼһֵ˷ܵ£



   Ǵ ʮء۶ 

ı񷣬ҫµȺ
µǿգŴأһ˫ĸ۲ΪŮ


ȻЩҵ£Ͼǿɰģůɰǿ֮£㻯һЩª£Ҳ㻯һЩªģ࣬Ѿܸ֪ˡΪǿɰ䱾ֵ֮Զǳġ
亮Ŀһתϲɫľ
Щʲô
亮
ǼȲ书Ҳܰװ׵Ĺƫƫ˲书֮⣬Ҳһϲͨô
ľ޾ɵسӦ
ǡ̲סҡҡͷ
治ʲôֵø֮
亮Ƿһ˿Цݣ
Ҵ˿ȴһȫ֮ߡ
Ȼվһļͷ
ҿᣬǳϿңԲƭ˵ģô
Ȼ̧ͷګګ
ƽδ˵һԡ
亮׵ãôʲôҲˣ
Ȼ˵ͷ亮
ֵܻҪһģˣôǴҴҶҴҶȥʦǵ衣
һͦδ𻰣ľ˫ü΢壬亮ͻ΢΢һЦ
ֵˣҪʱ༼ܣʱѧᣬˡ
ľ˫üһ壬Ŀϲô
亮Цָһӣ
ˣҲδף;黭̾ļܣֻҪֵܽ㣬ȴʱѧᣬôܵҪصöࡣ
Ŀһתֵ֪ܶˣʵԶᣬ˿ǾŴ£Լϵ־飬˭ᶾġ˫ľз
һʱ֮䣬мǸмǸˣȴеһ˿֣֪̿ޱԼܲѧЩ֪ʶ
˫ľһۣ亮ֱԵķԸܣ
ԼеĸУΪҲԸλǰ¶Լĸмϲ
ֻǻã
̶һ֣ȴ¶
ľ˫üһ죬
ôӴԺҪˡ
׵֪
亮çɽׯ֮У㻹ʲôҪô
Ưǣ޹ң˵ûСתһ룬̴еĿ⣬㱧ȭ
ôλڴԺȥȥ

ȥ˫ľӰϷ¶һ˿Цݣͻرڻ˵ıӡ
ľ΢Ц
ܾýʵ̫įЩ⺢ߣʵڲǣ޹ңǸкȻǸúӣֻϧ˼̫ˡ
亮΢΢һЦ
ˣǻԽǡ֡սɵıоȳ룬ǽһƳûıҿ⺢Ǹ֮ţǣضѧܶࡣ
ľ˼Σ
ʵ⺢ӵԣʹ˴ķֵʵڱȱ˶õöࡣ
亮ֻ̫̾ЩȵùЩ˵ļƣ
ľͻһЦ
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зһ˿ҵĸоʱͻȻ̴ǿݶ͵ģ̴Щȴ룬һѪܵز
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һʱ֮䣬еˣȫˣǵĶעȻ죬ֱʤķȴ

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̴սɵˣȥȺΪ֪飬ʹͬЩȴҲ޷ˡ
ȺȻ飬ֵܳƴл˷еȺֻ΢һ֣Եس
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ΰơ̴űС˯ѨѾ˯ȥİŮĿǰȺٸçȺƺ㶼δĿ⣬ֻżͶŮʱ΢΢ֳ֮⣻׳ȻĥȻͭ˭Ҳ²͸ͦǹڣжǱ
֡սĿȴԵ¶˼һشľǡսǡ͡ûоǰ˭Ҳ֪



   Ǵ ʮĻءç֮ս 

صľȻδ̫ãУȴ
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תˣ־ɥתؾƣ֪ｫ˵δ˵δ֮ʱǱߡ׷ꡱǷɺĿƶһƴУһ۲ƣһа˼


֮ƣǡ֡սռǿƣΰơԲԽˣսԲΪǼ¡ΰơ¡ΰơɲĹҪΰơĿ಻ңʱɳҶߣ
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в棬һʱ֮䣬ҲҳƷ


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Ǳߡ𼦡һȴͬһ㣬֮ƣ񲻿ɵ
񵶡书ߣ˿ʧ֣ޱУйֻǰң⡰𼦡һĹշӰɽѹ롣
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֮࣬һʱ֮䣬ȴֻ˶֡


ΣƵеı׳⣬еǽĲࣻȺеֳֵһսеվδϣſڣֻҪ֡սɣ𼦡һ䣬׷ꡱǷɺ֮Уκһ¶󣬱㲻֪Ҫж̳֣


Ǿ´󺺡βֵܣԼսµľ´󺺣缷ڴеһʮƺ֪ԼѳˡעԲһ˿֮⡪Ȼʱ˿̣ʮ˳ս˿֮Ӱ졣
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ΰơ̴һתбƮߣƲҵսɴһֱƺУˢˢĳƣˮ˫Ƽ̴ֻˮ羮Ѩ
̴һšתսҲ࣬뷢Ʈָ罣ս֮һּġѪѨ
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ҲԸټӳɣˢأһƥհ֮е߳һһŭ㣬۶ȥ



   Ǵ ʮءִ 

çɽׯһᣬڵʱδʲôʮ־оԵ飬ǾĶǵһսڵʱ޳ɰ֣֮һս֣һӰ֮ޣǺţ


Դ֮ͣԶɢϱʮҳھֺƽ֣һչһЩԹδУټķˣЩˣȴȻһΪƽּΪƽ֮꣬ϵġ
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ֵģǻһȺнСеĵž⣬еĵŲʳԳһԷǳеظԣžʳһЩСľЬ࣬ҲԼһ壬ѽã˲·;ŵ
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ģϴЬˣ治򡣡
֪ԱһλСӿں
ûϵСΪ׼˺ü˫ЬӣСܺϽš
̺崫һЦ´ҲЦ
Сӵ⣡
ȻȻ˻ȥֻȻΪȴ֮еһΪƶһݸɿݣСĺΪη壬ʱȥ͵ۣȵĿЦתʱȥ

´С죬ڡ𼦰нڰһĴͷ죬ڡ죡
ǳӣЩΩһųˣ̬֮䣬Ϊǫȴֶʮֹ
Ϊģ΢΢һЩ룬ԼĪʮͣƺǸţƺǸ̺еƹģһ·У֮£ȴδԳۡ
ʱлͺһʫ䣬ضྰĻɽʰļѾ䣬ȴЩ˵ɫǫִЩֻȻȴǺպղ
ǽϡ鱤еִ֮һڱ˳ܶ˿̱ȴһ䡰ܶүǿݵĺӶ⣬ɫ֮䣬㲻ԵЩմմϲ


ݺӶԱȴЦ·ΪмʱԸһ𣬶ĺ¿УȴҲߵ̫ǰȥǺ´󺺡ڡ챾Щͷԣ֪ɣӦ䣬ǡڡ˿ͷȥ
Ṧƺߣ·һƮһƮأ·ʱᱻ紵ߣǣŵĺ¿ҲǸɿСһһ¿ǡ໥ӳ¿̬֮ҲֵƵģԷһ
ȴǴǡھ֡ͷ¿׷硱ֱ֮Բμ֮УֻԸѣΪҲϢŨȤ


һòȴϤǡçɽׯеĵ̡ƽ󻹸һʮ꣬С˵ֻ꣬СȴֲԸ£ƽΪע˴ӦΪͷΪ֪Ϊʲô뷨ûУ顱Լǡ֡սɵͯˡ
һˣӷףͷ󺹣ݣʱԻͳһЩ⸬ŵдʲôǲ֪㣬Цݣȴ޷ش
Ҷ֣ġ׷ꡱǷɺ磬˸ġš£Գơøߡ˶ӡ
ЩߵƧҲͻȻ÷Щ˵ĽŲɼġ
һȺˣǰˣ˵ĽŲȴǸǰʮɴеġ˫ľ壡
˫ľһ·ŷ羰ǱΪɽˮųȡġʱҲ䡣
ȴڳ˼ʱԻȡһϰΣֱֳЦ⣬ջػ
ƺ֪Լڽ˺䶯֮ƣֻҪŲС



ĸƺѽ뵽һȥһ㶼Ųʣѧһѧһ֪ԼѧϰٶǶôˡͶʱ򣬡˫ľڷдһЩ书ľϣ·ʱȴҪȥһЩ
ԸһЩУҲȫȻû뵽ԼҪУΪֻҪ˼һգ̴ٻӰ̻ȱ
ʱҹ࣬ܳߣŴǿգᰵԼ
ǸʤֻǸðأ
Ϊʤˣ֡սɱȫȥȡ̴һ˫Ŀʱ̲סҪԼΪȻʹģȴȻԸκ˺ϣֻϵġ
ǣ޷ֵԼֱ֪ʱ˫ľ̸ģȻЩǳ书֪ʶȴδܹġʮһӽʳϲЩ
òѽ˸ı䣬ֻǻѣԼΪԼĸı䣬Ϊ֪֮ǡ֪ʶȻΣȴܸıǵ飬ܸıǵò
ֱ˿Ϊֹ˫ľѧϰʮ־죬Ϊѧǳʱ඼Ǻܿġ
ںŵһȺβ͡ǲʮ񣬷һϲ棬ȥ͵͵ع۲ǵĶ̬ʱ亮ʣ
زܿЩ
ľЦŵ
ǲǣѵҪǱô
彥˽Ƨ˵ԡǹƧı£һҵĳ֮ġ
еɫĻɽ˫ľ׼ɽѰһľ̸֮һЩΪ书

ڡϣңңǰмǵ⣬ΪԶԶ˺Ȳʵ
벻ϴôϹ򣡡
¿׷硱ֱһЦӿڵ
Ҳˡ
аһͻƳ˫ľɽʮˣһ
ɽˡ
һӷԾߴṦȴҲΪ˶մմϲ
ܶү̾һع˺Ⱥһۣ
һ»СɽȴҪˣ
ЩһӵϻɽʱǺε
̡ƽ΢΢һЦ
ǲһɽֻҪ֮ɽˣĵɽһ
ܶүϲ
ǣָ߼ǲôλɽһУ
ڡЦ
Ըɽ³ԾƣÿЩ
̡ƽ΢Ц
ֻаṦߣٲûҪͶλһµġ
ڡ¶Ĺʣȴⳤ̾һ
Ȼˣֻһˡ
ں¿ϵļֱͻҲȥ
̡һ㵣Ц
ôֻȥһˡ
ֱ
˭ӹȥѵסڻɽô
ڡЦ
ǼǣһҪġЦһ٣
ѵǷǳϲǸں棿ǲ͵͵ô
¿׷硱ѧӣЦ
ǼǣǻߵġЦһ٣
ǲǸţʮˣԡ˫ľĽų̣˭׷õǰδߣѵջô
ɿСѧȴѧΩФΩܶүҲΪ֮ʧЦ
ڡ˫ĿŭţмҪ
ֻ⡰¿׷硱ǣĺ¿ߵһ£ֽһЩʳ⣬Ц
ܶүҲ
ḧź¿ëЦŶ¿ӵ
ֶЩû֪ôôȵ죬һҪɽȥ㿴졣
¿Ҳ⣬һסصͷˣ㶼̲סЦˡ
ֻСڡδЦһһףĿмǣΪ˱ʾ¿ӱ̫࣬Ŵ
˭˵ҪɽұҪɽµģߵ̯ǰЩ⣬ʹ
̡ƽһת
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һˣ£ЪϢǡӡʼմŲÿɷЦݣ˿£Դ
ǻɽ£бһС

ҹɫ٣ﾹֳ˷ѵСⷷӣԴԴŸ
ЩֺʿȺΧŵѣƳ⣬µ磬һ󴵵ϣǡúܡ
ǣһ졭졭졭
˫ľȴʼû



   Ǵ ʮءƾ 

ɽƣɡʯȪ
ɽƺԶѤԼ׳۵ġ
ɽɺȴ·ƺô࣬ô󣻵ÿһ꣬ȴֶصķϡ
ɽʯŶʣǶʵɽʯ֪Ի˶ٹʫ˵ġ
ɽȪ࣬һ婣ѿɻóƮ˿㽣οŵ׳۵ľ̶ԼȪ֮峺ɰȪѤú
ɽʫ˱µġˡ⡰ˡҲģԻˡ˫ľԼġ

䣬ƻ轥٣ϼӳµĻɽɡɽʯɽȪбøˡ
ɽ壬ϲµһ·ɽÿһǫسصĺƴСֻԼûʫ˵Ľ뻭ҵĲʱʣдоĶѤ
˫ľݣҲűƽս϶֮¶
ʼŷǰվĽ£亮Ŀͻ΢΢һЦǰûи
ľЦ
ֻΪҵȶѭԭ·ɽԱֵصɽ£ʵҵȺᴩͷԽʼŷ塯ǱɽкβɣҲúõżһӡ
亮ĿƧĹ˲֪ǲΪɽʤǱĬ˿̾Ц
üü
Цһ٣ͻطɽ徲ˮȻҲʹ徲øӡ徲ϼ䣬ȺɽżţҹѺˡ
ֵ˼µ⣬ǾԲģǱֱԽʼŷ壬һ·ϣ˱˻Ṧɽ·᫶վģ˵Ͼ̫Щ
˷ŵ壬ȴ⣬ȻԼ˱顣
˫ľһۣ˴˶Էҹɫ˷ܵĹʡ
亮
ʼŷۣú׼ѧһƷߺߣҿδѧûġ
˵ʼնģȴϰߣؽˡ˷ܵӦţͻȻʼŷۣǰҲͻȻ֣Լ˸˸ǿգ˽ӽ
һǹ⣬·ͷһǹ΢ŵģ˷ܵػָͯĻ룺
ѽҲ֪ܲܽǹժ
亮һȴڤ룬ҹɫУֻ˫ľǾ֮ɫ
ľѶ٣Ŀע϶㿴Ƿƹ⣿
亮˵ͷǵƹ⣡
Ҫʹֵܶ¶֮ɫȷ£ʱ˿̣վʼŷۣеƹ˸ȴʵ˾졣

ɽǿͻؾһ⣬Խŵӿ𣬡˫ľչѸǵƻȥ˶񣬲ŷԼǹվһͻɽʯϣ·ص롣
Ȼ޷׷˫ľΣֻϥⷽɽʯɽ紵һ
ͻأµɽʯҲ֮ҡһ£ʱ˿̣ȻּΪ΢ҡͷ𵴣СԾȥĿתͻַⷽɽʯĸҲһЩ΢⣡
ͷһݣȥ˫ľΣѱɫɽʯûǽźɫɽʯԼΣػ΢ȥһ⿴ʵȴԶңԶ
΢һ˼⣬̲סȥȥƶⷽɽʯѽɽʯȻƣƶ
ߣɽʯƶֱ΢ҹȴƺʮĹâҪ
ϵ΢΢ƣٴһƣɽʯ±¶һص˿ڡ
һʪ΢ùϣعͷֻԼķİš
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һ΢ʹࡢİһļ룬ֱش
̲ס˸䣬˫ȭգȴ亹
ţһҶʹİ΢Ʈ
һʹѪҺǱѩһ
־壡־ȴּ˾죬ⰧϤ̹ģ޷Ϥȴƫƫ벻𾿾˭ģͯʣôģȴǰ
һҧ΢ϣĿصȥ꣬һȥܱ˶޷ܵʹࣻȥԱ˶ҳԵĿ־壬ʹֹһ˱˶£


ǣǲ֪־ģ˫ȣ־ľΪΣ֮ʣ־屾һ֡ǡķӦǲػԣҲֹġֻӦתΪ¡ѣ¡ҲӦΣյǻۣ
顱һڼӲʯϣ˫һţԾ𣬵ƽӴģȴѲǼӲʯأǡ
һֻģɿݣӲƣ
һġĸоɲǼֱָķʹһĿηת֮ƵĹ£īڵʯϣһֻҵĶƣ
ԣһֻĺľϻֻͬĶƣɢľϻߣЩƾѱøɿݶӲήȻѾãƶ˵ָףڻгɫ⡣
ֻһŻ֮⣬ظӿϣһס촽ббǰڻ̲סŻһ̯ˮ
̧ĿȥǰһխصһѽղеĻѣбɽϣºȻһϽ󣬽ȴԶԶұߣָһϷٹȥһ·Ǳµ۽ǣ


صľͷƺһߣһƬΪĹߣͶӰоȻһɫӰĹӰӡڻʯءֵǣ巽һŻ֮Ȼ޷Ӧȫһ
һĨǣͻϰһȼصȻڰһɭ磬洵Ӳıϡ
Ų̲סҪˣϤʹİֲ𡭡
һͦţһһǰȥа⣺
ΣҴ޶⣬ֺαԶң
ˣԱҲһ뷨뷨ؼ䱾Ŀ־壡
һˣֱǰȥǰĵƹԽԽķҲΪ֮ԽԽ졣
ӰеĺӰȴȻҲӰƺԻ
ǰѵӰôĪѾˣ
һ˹ȥһ׵ıӰӳУ׵ڵͷ
˫һҲ޷ǰƶ벽ֻػعͷȻֳһʹ࣬ȴϤݣǺҹеһ磬һϣ



   Ǵ ʮ߻ءĶ 

һɲС϶۹ݵһɲУ˼ȴѾǧָӵı仯һ־桢졢ϲ֯ɵС
Ϊɲ֮䣬еӣô԰סֿ̹ĵϤӾһεıӣɡһ죬ĵף
Ծءѽһ㡭㣿
Ҳ벻Ļɽ֮룬ضɭĶϥˣǡӡ
ӡعͷֻڰĵصУһӰ
֮£δݣһȴļ䣬ҲΪ֮ʧ㡭㣡

һ˹֮䣬ŲȴٿȻס
һĶߣŵ飬һյ̵ͭеĻƵƹ⣬ӳöʶͷס


ʶͷ׵£ϥˣһˣݲ԰׶ģĶϣȴѲ˺飬ںڵķ٣Ҷ䣬ҲۻǱֻĿȴȻŵעڶһ˵ϣ˫ƺʮأȴһĽ⡣
ѩĽ⣬Ųһ磬ϼӲɽʯȴѱߡ
ҲǱߣ۽Ҳûбһۣƻĵƹ£ȥͷ·һɽʯܳɵʯ
ҲǰϤ
Ȼֵˡǧ

һˣǲ԰׶ģĶǣҲѲ˺顣
Ҷ٣ۻǱĿ⣬˸ƵעŶԷ˫ǺʮأǼһ⣬ҲѿԼ
оҲǰϤ
ȻҲֵˡǧ
˶Ľһκһϵһи̱д֮


ȻϵĲûЭأ˭Ҳ˿ɳԹгҵĲƺû˽Ŷأͬʱͬʱ˺󡪡ڼ仹˿Ĳ֮κһɳڣԷһеĳ̻ͽС
ǣ˵ģȴ־Ȼȫһģһֵ֮࣬⣬˭Ҳͬòֵǡ
ֵܣΪֻ㲻ɻĿ̹


һɨԼ۾ῴ˾˵ľһڱе㣬޷ڿУƹ⣬ӳųһһط⣬ȺһһسЦ̬ټͷ׶ʵ飬ΪԼⲻһΡ

ڣƶĿ⡪δƶĿһɲǣ·Ŀ⾪ϣͻأ
Ծһ
ѩ׵ϣȻ˰߰ߵѪգÿһ̲Ѫ֮ϣһѩĸ롣
룡ڵƹ΢⣡
Уȴǲ˽ǡ˸˫һۡ˵ϡ
벻ɭĶ֮Уʲô˵Ĳұ䣻Ҳ벻֮䣬ʲô̹ǵĶԹˡ֮⣬ƺҲûһܽԹÿ
Ȼ估ӡھ֡ӳϡ
ÿһ뵽ԲΪ֮Ķǵһҹ
ҲȻ̸ӡʱͯŮʾɫ
һУǵܽʹ˿̵ȴɭֲԼء֮⡣
֪ڵϣԾȵˣ
ӡԹĿ⣬ۡ
ţҵţ˲ϵ⡣


ȻȻعͷȥǰԵʯ񡱣˿̣κһˣκһע⣬ܷȥĹģΪǰеκһˣŻɻ⣬Ŀ̹ǣ飡𣡶Թ

ͷ׵Ĳʹţ˵ݣѪɫĲ԰ףҵѪ죬ֳֳһ־Ļɫ
Ϣĳţ֮ûУеһ˿Ҳǰ΢ңԶޣ
ͻأƶ
һ˵ĿѪ˿
ӡ˫ĿһţĿвε¶֮ɫεһ
ôİȫŨĹУ嶼оˡ
ɱذ˼⣺
Ϊʲôȥһֻ֮Ҫһ֣ˣ̱вɱɱ֮
֪κһˣ޷ٵֵκһһͯȭͷ׾ٵؽ֮أ
мǾɣ־֣̲סҪһһơ
ֻҪһƣɽȥһ˵ǰΣ
жԹȴֲ˾˭ԶַƲѨһˣֻΪˡӡΪĸм
֪˲Ϣ֮䣬ȴֽƶ˵
һˣɫƽһˣɫȴ֡
尵˿Ŀ⶯ȴӡĽ뷽һعеزš
ͬŨͬеһݹУתƵ˵ϡ
һصϣ
ϵĸ΢޷
ƹʹ⣬˸
ⲻݵزҪֹؼȥض˵գɽѹϡ
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ӡ࣬ȴǸȴĴڡĿ⣬ǱԹеǰ˵ϡ
Զͻһ
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ͷһ𣬻Ȼתףɫ߳˭
ĿʹҲһۣ׵
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΢һګګܡ
Ŀ͵ƶһ£վӣŸ壬Ʈ΢ƵĻζһ¡
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ɵתɲ˳ȥûһ䣺ΪʲôΪʲôΪȥκµġ
΢ĽŲһһԶȥ

ӡתӨ飬Ȼ䣬ѩϡ
ŵΪʲôΪʲôҪ
ʵǼΪ֪ǰΪʲôҪģΪΪһѪύ֯ɵĶԹΪǲΥΪԣ
Թĺûʹǰ˵Ŀתһ£֮ľ룬֮䣬糤Եпһ
س̾һϵ⡣
Щ룬һһزԼϵģǣɲ˾ٶȴ˿ֹǰĲǿҵʹ࣬Ҳ˿ʹеʹתơ
ظ˼ţͻأϷһ΢Ц
Ϊ֪ΣڽգʹҵԼ˾ѽ顢𡢶ԹؽԶĽѣ
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亮㵽ȥˣĪʲô
УҲŹеУֻĵͻطһů˿̣ᡱġˡżһС
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ԶƭˣԶƭֶΣﵽԼĿģˣ˿Ҳˣֱֻ˵Լ󡪡ֳϿҶֱͨʹԷԾܾ
У˫ľɫ任ŵġ
ᡢ硰˫ľУǧ롰ӡ⼸֣ҲǸ֡
Ǿضһۣ亮ͻزʧЦ˭ţ˭ţ
ãȻʵʲô˵ģǧȷ֮£
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ľȻ˰죬ƺڻζֵ˵ƺֵ˵˵ᡣ
Ȼм΢Цһ£ٴԾؿߡ

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亮΢΢һЦͻü
벻ǧˣѹֽԣǧ£Ǻƺ񣬡ǧ٣Ʈڽ˼ƾ٣ȴںӱС
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亮ؿڵֵһô
һЦɽ֮ǿҵҹ磬ɢ˿ֵϵЦݡ

ǹˣΪŨɽ



   Ǵ ʮ˻ء 

صšӡǱ
˵
ˣΪʲôҪʮǰԹѵջܻ⣿ο֪ˣ
岻ط˽Ųֻŵ
κ˶͵ʹ裬Ϊ㣬Щ£ѵܲʱĹܲýƵ·ѽô㡭㡭ѵĽҵֵɱ
ǻƻʱžİ䡣

ֻһصıǣӿͷ
Ųᣬˡ
Ȼ΢΢жϣֿʼţ
̣Ѿô࣬ѵͲһЩôΣǴѽȶô
еأ


֪ⶼΪңûңԭԡԶһЩģǣҪ֪ҲˣҡҡôĿЩ£ҿǰǡȴ̼֮κһڶԷѪ
΢΢һ٣ɭĵصбֻСѪһֵҡҷţš
Žӿڵ
ѪϾŨˮѽ㡭һſ֣ô

Һһһأվߵ˾ͷ
ƹ⣬ǻƵģѵƶԼĿ⣬һĻҾ徣˲õľ
֪Ŀƶһ˲䡣
һˣᶨʯݣͻһ仯һ΢׾ı仯
Ȼһ΢׾ı仯֮ŵƣͻɿˣɿˣ
ӡɫұ䣬һ̡
δˣһͻһ˿΢Цŵ˫ƣҲͻһ֡
ѩĽ棬۵أšͬһɲǼ䣬˵š
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΢٣ȻĿ˵ҡ㽫ϵĸε𣿡
ĿȻעԶûĻ·ѳµĻʹУãһ̾
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ôôģҪӦ£ô㶼ҪҵĻȥԶҲܸģ

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ҡ壬ǡǡ
ʵڲᷢģ
ûհĻȥ㡭׻ٲ

հĻȥ׻ٲվʵʲô£
̾


һӽԺ֮꣬ԶҪȥƭκһŮӣԶҪκһŮģ㰮ֻҪãڶúõȥΪʲôԭ򣬶Ҫܵ˵˺Ӧô
̵ұͲһҺõŮܵ˺ġ
Ŀһ˿ǿҵİԹ֮⣬
˵ףʵȴǺѵģΪжֵԭ㲻òȥ˺һˣ
һͦԶġ
లοص˵ͷ


úӣסĻڶҪ죬ܵʲôʹ࣬Ҫ뿪ǽǷǳʹ죬Ϊڰʡƣ룬ԹĵˣϾҪˣܵסЩʹôӦô
׵
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ŵ
СЩͻþЩҲһôκһǿҵĹԣ᳤õģǡ
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ȡһ޽ȥλϵѪǻŶԷͷֱۣΧøЩ
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ڱ仯ţһ˫ӣسˣǵòģٶôʱǵĸף޷ֱǾ˭Ǹ磬˭ǵܵܡ


ǲȴƫƫһ˫ŽŲͬġǼȴֽǿᣬܵȴڼֻ˽һеĹ٣ǸġǵĸףҲϲĵܵܣΪΪûܵܣôӻͲȥ
ôǣ˵ȴ㱯Уϥڵϣôˡ
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ԩĵܵܣźҹ˳ȥ˿ҲżΪ֪ĵܵһġ
죬ܹܵȻˣƺһĹԣκȴûĸ翴˵ܵܵ飬ϵرΪʲô
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Ǹ翪ʼܵˣ޷˯һ񶾵ļƻ
˵죬װҪ͵ܵܣĵܵܣ˾סʲôط


ܴܵһɫϸظﰵЦΪܵ˼ƣΪüƻҪܵܺȻװɵܵܵӣȥֵòȫһʹˣҲδֱܷó
ǣȴ֪ܸܵûˣֻǴɽϵԻУһҰû˶ȥĵطװǸɫ֪һȥġ
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Ҳ벻֮䣬ʹ񶾵ļкǵ׵ֵܣ
ӡԾػ߻ӵŵʬĳ̾һ˵


˭Ҳûиߵһ͵͵ɽڰе⣬ܵҲڰе⣬һվͱڴ˵һ𣬲֪ںʱˡܵҲ˵һ治֪ʱˡ˿ȴ֣Ϊʲôûȥ
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վϵĸ磬ֻõܵܲҺŵ£ҲЩ£һֱܵ˵ܵ˵ĵط


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øʮ꣬㴫˵һֻҹλصʱŴҹɫ߷·ǻܵܵʱĲҺĵҲǻ᷺һԵ㤾



   Ǵ ʮŻء 

޷ؿͻƽ˼ֺ֮⡣
ӡ˵Ĺ£
ʮ֮ˣֵĵҲͻȻʧȥӣա


ѧһĸ磬Ȼûڻɽ̽ɽ꣬д˾˵һΣڸϣһȺУȳһŮӣŮӸмĴһټΪԼµӢУҲŮӣڣǷǳȻؽ˷ޡ
һӣһ֮Уġһ飬һѧʦһššϵ似ȫ̸ȴ̸ʫ踳
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ͻȻԼ˵©죬ȻһЦŵ
ʱҼ޸ǧꣻֲҵԤУȴǳηߣֻظͯꡣ


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Դһ֮;һֱûн⿪ҵѨѪͨѨʹߣȴӲա
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Ǿ˽ıȶⲻݵıԷҸˣȻҲ֪ͬʱϣôԶΪΪҡҰǣҲң
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̾
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૵صţתȥһ˫ŵӰˣ˶ȷ̫пЩʹһ



   Ǵ ʮء纣 

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졭ΣҲֹԼ˺ԼȻҪΥҵԣȻҪ׻ҲҪһһҪȥѰһ壡
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ž
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ۣȻ겻ɢ˫ľϥɽʯϣһӶĿһɨֵֻѽľ뷢֮ϣմˮ飬вΪ֮󺧡
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ֵҹУһֱ粽δ롣



ɽ·᫵ģУȴѱüΪƽֻ̹ңûע⵽ı仯ֻಽظڡ˫ľ󣬡˫ľԶһۣдǾ棬ĬȻ˰Σ̲סתȥעĽŲ
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˫ľϣһ˿ɫãȻ⣬ֻ亮̾
дԣ֮Уһ书֮ڣͨһ˵أΪ棬벻㾹ֻǡΪ֪ô


ǿеı˵Լ˫ľ΢䣬ڸԳ̾һֱ˿Ϊֵֹˣڵǰ̾Ϣȴ֪ΪңֻΪӡ˶

ӰǷ׹»ɽĲģѳֲָһΪֵڼʣȻΪǱһգǰɵ漣
֮䣬಻˼֮£֮Уֲ˼֮¸ࡣԼ漣ģԴıмֻ˷ܵȸԾ


ä֮ͻƶ֮ͻƸÿ֮ͻأ۵֮·ϣȻһʹΪ֮Ĺۣնݵʱ⣬ѳһ˼һ޷Ľײ㡣
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亮Ŀɫ֪Գڱ֮УԸ̫ıʹ˺ġΪԼı˺˵ġ΢һ
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ҵϣδߣЩǣ;еį
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ߵɽ£һ֮Ʈ˲Ϊ֡ӵһɽʯ֮ϼĿֻɽǰͷӿЦƺɽʱҪ֣һЦ֮Ʈ


Ŀ⻥һͻꤣͣԼͬطɲɽȥɽţ˫ľĽŲͻȻͻϵЦݣҲĿת̾һֵˣΪʲôҪأ

գһĳһͦţ󲽶Уη֣ɽǰ̱һĻ


ĺٸֺʿһ뺰һʵ벻ԼڽоԶǫġ֪ΩǫܵõǵĻԴܵõģȴֻвм
ΧŵȺɧȺȴжˣȻһߴ£ȻǴֺçڡ죬һοݣ˫ĿݣĶͷ¿׷硱ֱ
ڼţ΢֣̿Ⱥ鱤Ĺܶçɽׯƽӭȥ˸ԲͬϣɫС̽ʣʤֳô
΢΢һЦᡣ
бȴԸñҲıʹࡪԶֻڶԾ׽ġ
ֻ΢ЦŵԭΪλˣȴλġ
ܶүһƺáԼ̸ЦУȷһٵ£ȴ֪ȰҲǶôԸƽֻཻһ˶Ըƽཻѣ
ƽľȻŵġڡһۣګګ
СǱҲҪˣֻǡֻλͷȴ˵λһԭ·ɽģС˵
΢ԳơСġȴ̾Ϣ
Ϊʲô˶֣ǲҪѹڱ˵ͷϣԸڽ£ѵ֪ƽȵôȴ֪Լġһȷ̫Щ
˳ָķߵ¿׷硱ֱǰ΢΢һЦ˵֪ڡͻ۴ȵ
þþʹʹغϼ룬Ҫүȥ򽻵ˣ
˫üһ壬һҪˣת򡰼ڡ죬õغЦ˵кλⲻ֮£Ҫˡ
ڡ˫Ŀһţ
ʲôⲻ֮£úܣֻռֵĶˣԷɣٺ٣ү򽻵Ҳζġ
˵Ȼ쵱ʵֺγη壬ƽֵЦ˿̶ʮǿ
һǴģΪʲôĵģ
ڡ


ռֵ˵һԭ·ɽҵ죬ȴӰҲȥǾʹ˵֮ڣضʲô˵ԴãԴͶԴٺ١ԴˣҲֻһѣʲô˲𣿺ٺ١þþ
ֱǲç۵ıɫ
˵ӣѶϧ֮⣡ֻǡܶү˹Ц
ڴģµĺúֻˣͷδ֪֮ܣҶ޷š
һЦת򡰺¿׷硱ֱֻǸɿСò˫Ŀй⣬˿̺Цվ嵱ͷһҾҲæ
ؾǼͷˣ壬ձڡھ֡ȴδͷʵźúܡ
ֱȭֵһֱڽϷ־֣Ȼˡ
ں಻֪롰ھ֡ԨԴ˿̲㶼棬̴ֻͷһֱԸִƣȻҲСɵǰ
ﾹǫںֲ档ֱơҡ峤̾һ
СƽȨԤ֮£СΪ죬ͬСɣֻܿСɵı棬ǶעһЦ֮Сɵм
Ⱥһ˽Ȳʣ˭Ҳû뵽ΪŴǫϿҵ󡣡ڡĿɿڴвԼǰ
¿׷硱ֱĿҲܸжãͻشЦߵڡǰЦѵҪȥô
ڡɿһȻ
¿׷硱ֱЦ
ҪȥôǸӣ֪ģʵҲްգ׼ˣ֮󣬱һ֮Ҳ׷ҡҼṫɽ֮ʣϲ
ڡͻش
úãȻʵ˵ҲֻʵزˣĪҪ֮󣬻ӡ
ȻǿӲĿȴǸм֮⣻ʹ޵ˣ˿̵ⷬסҲȫ桪ǺߣֺçԶм
尵̾һ˿ȷţ˼Ͼǳůڰϣ֡սɵĶԼҲ˿һữ⡣
ǣȴ֪ݵĲͬλ⣬ʹԼ֮˲Խľ롣



   Ǵ ʮһءǹ⽥ 

ĶԼڼţУҲڼг̣ǾĵطΪУǵСҲۺϳһţӦϸֱƷ
֮У֮Ķһ硢𡢶Թֶ


ֶ֮УֳȤȻ̹ĳң·ꣻҲྭδѣѱȻ޹ˣĿɳ𣬰ε򣻵Ҳİˣ־ۺϣΪ֪
ڡֺЦȻһԡ¿׷硱ֱ̬ȣȴɳӶΪܡ
Ϊѿʼ˽⣬СУûһźԼһˬģԶԼˬö࣬Ҳʼ˽⣬ǵȥ̽ģһô޴¡
壬ƽյȴˣⲢϲ˽ɣΪʱ˵



˫ľղͬڸ֪ѧһʮĿγ̣Ҳһʮּѧϰа١塢顢ʫʡҽǡࡢҲ䣬˰ṦƷ֪ʶԡ㹻ѾǣοҪ徵书աšϣѧϰ̽֡
ӡһĸ죬һԿףͻȻΪѧı⡣
˷֪йѧ֪ʶǺεºͲ
ôʲôʱȥ˵أ
ѧ˹Ȼ̵࣬Ҳδɣ˫ľʼѧϰٶȣҲʼԼѧʶĲ
ǣԼҲʼȥѧϰˣǿʼ鼮ʼ跨ȥѧϰּܡ


Ǹǵ֮Уһֺ֮ҹ֮ʣҲȻ˫ľԼԣĵɥ겻壬֪ˣΪʲôѰԼʱ򣬡˫ľͻº͵ظǣϣܽѧϰ־ķ˵ֻؾǣҪй
ǡ˫ľڶͽѧϰ־ķһ䲻©ظ壬ʱֵԼδѧᣬȴѧᡣ
ǣʱԽãѧ˽ɣ̵ȴѡ
һУҲ㶼Ƕô£ʷδһѧյء
Щഫִ˵УȻһЩֳӢѧյľǼΪģý񻰡˺ɷżʦô
ҲԵɣؾõǰµţǰµޣħ٣ճָ֡
¿࣬ĸã㶼ΪԼɱһ˵ֿѾȳһ·ܳɱڽ֮͵һλǰ˵ľӴ̽Ű¡
һЩԾ͵ƭǿȡԽȷȥѧϰҾɡ
ǣеһ֮ƺЩʧɫ
ǣδеҲѵġ˼ɡܶӺɫС߲ݡŬŬԼнһ֪ʶı
ʱյתУѺ޸оȥд顭صıѩΪõĴߵ߳ѣɳصްΪ
һУȥˣ仯ˡδһѧϰ̬ȣҳϣҲδࡣ
Ϊѧϰģ£֪ʶĳ羴һؤԽǮĳ羴һ֮羴֮ഺ羴֮ս羴Ҫǿҡ
òϵı任ҲˣԼȻδоڸǵһЩֺʿУıȴǼΪĿġЩ֮Իڸ˶ʤĹ⣬Ϊ˱Ȥζ
⣬ʲôطܾۺôѻУʲôطҹҹʱأһЩ֮ˣ֮£ʲôطܱǲʱį
ԣЩԴµʤʮȤˣҲԶǧμȤС
ЩˣҲ￴֡ǣֳһš
ˣҲ˶ԭеģųģصģųصģ֮䣬Ҳγһš
Ȼᾪٸ˭ȡޣǲûзѽǣȴ෸ˣص
ǸصĹҲϳһţﷸֹҡͬʱ˳㿴⺱е֡
죬졭һоģüֱݣǱīġ
ڵı춼ĵ壬Ȼ⵽ķ粨еϢ

ѽʼȷ˶Ĺ
ȷо˵ľΪ̸ֹһһһֳ׵ȣĿҲ⣬ļȴ̩ɽļᶨȣˣ
⴫ʹá֡սɣ𼦡һ䣬׷ꡱǷɺ磬ǰкЦȴ־ɲ
һٿȥһʱգھ֡롰çɽׯ֮䣬濴ƺһ޶ʵ˫ڵʵ׼һɰʤ֣֮һ֮ϡ
֡սɣ£ԼѶκ˶ܸģͬˡʱضΪ׼ȫһ


ԵģȻǡΰơİŮ̴Ȼͬˡ֡սɵʵǲݺӵģϣؽһڡ򽭡ϾߺءЩǴ򣬾㶼С֡սŵ˭Ҳ֪ǳ
ھ֡ͻؼڵĴвµھ𣬡ھ֡еʦҲڽ¶棬ıġΰơ̴ͷʲô˭Ҳ޷֪
йءŮ̴Ϣڽиһʲô˭Ҳ֪
ǣ˫ţһƣȴǾ˽֪֮£ڡ׵ϣһȻѸݣ˼ĶֱȴȻǵһη¡
ĳܣѾѡأⱩǰƽҲ͸Ϊ֮עĿ

¡
ͬˡ۶ˮϬͻںڱߴˣ״Ҳ̶ã˵½롰ˮϬƺͻս񲻵ж
½˭ȴǽУĻ⡣
³ãھ֡еһͷͷңԻ˴ɽһȥ
֮ҵʬȴСɽµĽ̲ϱ˷֣ģ˺ˮ
½˱һ˾ڰв²⣺
ǷΪ֮սĵߣ
Ϣڴ֮У֡սͻɢһǧַɼ£
Сھ֮֡ڡͬˡߣçɽׯȫ֮𡣡
һʯͻͶ˱ĳˮУҲʹˣ㶼Ϊ֮һ
һ֮󣬡𼦰조𼦡һͻҲɢųһǧŵġַɼ£
𼦰ãڶԼ롰çɽׯһСͬˡľ飬𼦰㶼ӣ
ǡɽׯҲʼĬͬԣѷɢġͬˡָ渴ϣ
ȺĿ⣬һת򡰷ھ֪֡ھ֡һ޶ʲô¶ûзƵġ
ĳʹáΰơиأĽ״̬֮УͬˡĳɰܣһһҲͷעĿ

Уѩڣ
Уɲʯɽ󣬹أţɽ
ͣţɽ´һƬөԶԶȥ췱˸Ļ⣬ȴʢĳеغ
ɫ֮Уͻƥ񱼶ţɽ˼װ糾ԽʮҰ𣬷Է
ɲǼ䣬ĲΧȺڿڷ׷ţˣ
һݳӣĿһתԷʣ˿̵ˣ
Ȼش
Ƿֲʤֻǡ̬ӳȣ˫ľȴЩŵӡ
˽˵ϴ󣬻ǿ˵İɣ
ݳӡϴ󡱽ϵķ멣ѰһѴ£׺˼Ҿƣ˺һֻȣϸ׽Գ̾һ
˲ġھ֡ҹ֮У˲٣һʮ߿ŮףɱüȮſڵĽƣҲŻˣϴͺ£ھ֡ʮ
һణֻӿֵ


⵵µˣַɾ䣬ǵһڣҲһۼԼǺڵϵĸ֣˭Ҳ²˭ôֱʡ˵Ȼתᣬ˲ǡս֡ѵ˽Ըɳġ
һ󾪺ң̾Ϣŵ˿ǿô
ϴ󡱵ͷ
ˣˣǡһƲ⣬ô죬ҲҪ·ֳʤǲŻᶯ֡
۷׷ףֻصԭĵطֻ˴֮еڻţ
ǲǡս֡
ǲǿˣ
²£ʤǰܣ
ԶҲϸߵһɽϣһһ
˫ľֵܶˣһԣңɽӰһЦ
亮ٷյȻ΢΢һЦ벻ֵܣ˾į
ľЦ꣬ʢ£ܸҲ㲻˰ɣ
亮һڰ׾ƣ
֮Уֻ¶˻ᰵֵ֣֪ˣΪʲôȲؼңҲްȺβ֮͡⡣
΢Цһ£ӵ
ֻû˻µֵ˾Ϊ̰ͼ֡
һЦĿתϥĿ塣

ҹɫ֮Уֻ̬ׯ죬ɫ֮䣬ȻҵҲδоϮ˵ĺ⣻ƺһͷ֮ϣɢ
ľ΢һ
ԣ˵Щ֮ʿ书սǧȻš񡭡书ֺֹһǧ
亮΢ЦĪˣٹһҿʲôȥ
ľԺЦ
ʵ˵ζԼҵԸܣǰˣҸ֮¡ֻǡ
̾һĿɨӿڵ
˾ټҵϣֻЩʱնѡ
ֵˣһЦңɽӰĬĬȤ𼸿ǡҲֻ⼸ǣֵܿܵ顣
΢紵ɲǼɽӰͻһңŵˣȫվľɫһ䣬ʲô£
ֻɽ¾֮䣬
˫ľϸһɫǴ䣬ԭɽµľ֮ľȻǣ
ΰˣ
̴ͷˣ

һӰܶϣһǡ¿׷硱ֱһǡơԡ
ԶԶڡ˫ľ֮⣬΢һȭ
ھ̴֡ͷԼ򣡡
ֵܶһۣ಻֪Ǹܣ̶һ֮䣬ͷѱȡ˫ľҪʵ˭Ҳû뵽£ʵе±Ǩ˭õأ
䴦ơԣ¿׷硱ֱӰһ֣ɫʮֹ
˫ľתĿȥ徹ҲδδţȻ˿һ豹棬̩ɽǰ̬ҲΪ֮䡣



   Ǵ ʮء 

ɽµȺԴַԣÿһ·
˸Уµġΰơ̴멣ĳأһһ˴ԡ
Ȼһǫ΢ЦסȺΪ񣬵Ŀȴһ˵ǣʹκ˶Ҷֵһ˿ӡ֮ġ


¼еĺӣಽ岽֮ڣһȧǸʣĿб⣬γĳ̣߳Ⱥ㶼ϵãǾǡھ֡ͷ׿ġӲ֡罣ܡ
һСȴý򥻷Ŀڹ룬ֳϥϣбһŻͷ󵶡ʣҫĿÿһϸֻ죬֮塣
ڽǴӵңԡʮ·߱µġ굶塣
עĿģȴǽڡΰơһ߳ߣ׵ı꣡


α׳ȺľӥĿαǣڵĿȫһ˿飬·һ㺮˪бһֻ״أƤĳףĿµȺȴһ˲µóصʲôУһ˲µó
أȴᣬֻƶƵģȫһ˿Ų֮
Ⱥֲڰ˽顣
˭ѵҲǡھ֡ʦ
˽Ųֱͣ롰˫ľͣССɽ¡
ΰơ̴Ŀһɨʵġ˫ľŨü΢΢һʣתĿȥͻؼھϢ塣
ְ̬ʹִɫΪ֮һ䣻˲ָȻЦֶô
Ц߿ʣֱֱɽȺĶУΪ֮ˡ죬ɽӦ಻
֪ȴǲŲʣʡ
ΰơıͻĿһǣ¶һɭɭһȥ
亮ɫһͷ΢ʣɶ𣬷סȥ·
֪֮죬Ǻţֻಡһ죬亮ӹ
亮΢΢һȻתֻӵǰƣҪ嵱ͷȥ˫ľ߳һչΣʩչȫȥ
ΰơŨüһ߳ӣ񣡡
Ʒ٣һ߳ٿȻ֣˿̡˫ľֻһͻ￪ߣһ˫Ұһ۾Ȼ˲Ҳ˲ڡ˫ľϡ
ΰơһӣ罣ܣ굶壬ơԣ¿׷硱ֱͻɢ˸һƺڷʲô˻ͻȻȥƵġ
̴ԭ壬˫ľ΢һغߣ̣ʱ׼һ
кأССɽϣͻһƬɱ
ΰơ̴ɿһֶѵ
δˣͻɫ֮ϣһƬ
̴ͷһݣ֪ڹ˿̾ϴϸѪϣκһڹΪϵ߾硣


Ҳ벻ͨǰʲôʱڼķеؾһתĿͻʢƣƺҪͷҪ֪˿ֵ֮һ£岻ҪǰѪ̱ɱ֮
˫ľĵĿ⣬˲Ҳ˲עֻ֮ϡ
ֻҪ֮ƣֵ˱ȫ֣
֪ɲ֮䣬ͻſĿе⣬УΰơһЦ
úãϲϲ벻һ겻ֶ书һ˹
΢΢һЦ˫ľͶԸмһƳƺֵ֪˷ŶԼķ֮顣
Ȼΰơһ񣬵̴ɺã
亮ͻЦһתȥ
ֻҲ벻һ³꣬˾书ɣٺ١ЦҲ̴һۡ
ΰơȻ˿಻΢΢һ졣


εɫ´ǲԴǰڡھ֡ѧյľԼ̴³ĻȻЩɣȴһֱֻġ̴塱Ը书ٲ׵ĺ󳾡
ʼգ˿ûж̴Թ֮⡣
ĿһתֻɽȺѽΧȴԼ۾Ὥִ֮ѽһס
尵и̾һ
̴嵱һ˽ܣһһһ˵ǡȴ֪Щֺʿľ֮ģ֮ԡΰơ̴ľ롣
һת̴Զˣ֪кμ̣
ΰơ΢΢һЦ
ýԣӱǻϲǹģ̲סҪ㡣
һмګګ
С̴ֶˣߵغ֮Сֶ治֪αźá
ǷԷθ˿û֮һ仰δ˵֮꣬⣬ĿмҪмᡣ
ΰơ̴һ룬ɫǱⷬϸж΢̾һͷһ˿Цݣ
ʣϷȻҪΪ˾һ⣬ֻϷæδǶӹա
̾һٿȻסڣĿ֮⣬ƺʮǸȻ
иǸм˫ĿӨȻګګ˵
ȴ̴Цͻһ̻һƬɱ
ͷһѿڵ̴ѵЩʲôô
ΰơĿ⣬ڡ˫ľıӰһɨǣ
ͻһӣֻǺǡ罣ܣ굶壬˫˫γС
ӿȺͷһګګ̴Īǡ
ΰơ̴ˮؿڵ
Ϸ֮̽⣬ҪһЩ壬ΪһȥĽͬ𡣡
ɫ䣬Сֶһ֮Уδˡ
ΰơؿڵ㡣
ͻתȥ˫ȭһ
ɷеɷĪǣλѣضϵõġ
΢٣˫ľһתͷĿ⣬һɨͣڡ罣굶е֮ϡ
Ⱥ̲סһƬ֮
ΰơһӣԼȻ紵棬죬ȺУһ۸ߴ͵Σ̩ɽһ㣬˲ӡ
̴ֵֻ
ɷĪ֮Ϊ£ҲۣʱϷǡڵĿһУ£ʧֻΪһЩ΢Сִᶾƽġ˫ľ㽫ɱ
˫ľЦһľأδ˿ֹΰơ˵֮⡣
ɫ䣬Ⱥ۷׷ף̴ֻӿֵ
Ϸ롮ɷ׷ǹʣΪֵϵһ壬ȴ֮⣬Ϊ壬ʮϷ򱼲ᣬλĿãϷ˼䣬Ϊͬԭʡ
һӣӵ
ҡΰơ̴ΪˡɷѰ˫ľ𡪡
Ŀ磬һɨֻȺΪ壬һ˸˵Ŀв¶֮ɫӿڵ
֮ս˭ʤ˭ܣλԹۣҪ֣λǰ̴һȭһ㣬Ͳ̴ѡ
ⷬ˵ù䣬ƯѼǽ˲Ҫֶ£Ϊ˫ľȭȴǽ˲ҪԼȺԡ˫ľ޺øУ˿̺ȻһӦľʮҡ


ΰơһЦתд󲻽⣬֪⡰̴塱ΪξΪɷδ˵̴ֻһ罣굶Ӱѩĺ⣬ͷ˫ľ¡


˫ľȻɫ˿ЦһľüĿֱǱγһ⣬ϣͻ󻬿ߣһƣߵġšѨ
һԾƶ̩ɽãǼ򵥵һУʱ֮Ѹ죬λ֮׼ȷȴ治Ϊһ֡
Ⱥ罣һľʺ֪֮䣬ľһ˫ȴѵ˱в¡
罣šһг̼ɨâľ
ľ߳һÿͻطһȣֽ󣬱һֻľΪᣬһʳָ罣صҹµġᡱҪѨ
罣ܽŲƶƿһߣһ㣬һƬʩչĹơ
ĿɱȴûһϳһߵУеذһѸвľҪ
ľȻݳ֮һͷ
ɲǼ䣬ݵƺѱ̩ɽѹʽͼסʮ֮Уоطǹ
罣ܾһ񣬽и޲óһӣ㽫ľ׼¡
Ǳ亮ȴǿƮ磬ߣΣ뷢Ʈ굶롣
굶嵶ͣʽʵÿһУһɾ֮ͭԵӳԱһѻ˸衣


ʽ仺֮䣬ȴް˿϶Ŀ´亮ߵֱδãֻԳʵʽסȫżһǹ亮ؾ֮ʮһ죬ƽ࣬һһһнһУ裬缤ͭƺȻ


ΰơ̴Թۣȴݣ罣굶ʩУ㲻ס΢Ц˵ãã
Цһ֣ԵġơҲ̻ƵããУ
ڽϽȺеıȻʵ⶯ֵ˾Թ죬ܿʽ֮仯ˣ޼
Ǻ±׳꣬Ŀ侫⣬׿Ȼޱ飬Ŀȴ֮⣬·δ˵书
ḷ̌޲ߣѼĺ飬Ȼȥ˫ľһ֮ȴֲԸġˡ̴ΪУۿ˫ľƺ·磬̲סѲߵ̴ࡣ
֪δڣΰơ̴ѺЦ
Ҿš˫ľ֮һȴ棬㿴ֵܣ书ɻȥ
ګګüü
ΰơ̴Цӿڵ


˵书Ǹͬʵȴ׾вɣ˵ıп书ƺһ·ȴߵһ·ǡ굶壬ԽԽ죬ʽԽԽɣ㿴һСֻѨõǺε
ګګǼǼ
ΰơ̴һЦؿڵ
罣ҲһСաʹǳõȴǹУ㿴һǡ滨ǹеšͷôҺľÿ죬ֻҪһбԽˡ
溬΢Ц٩٩ԣƽʦڳ⽲ʽˡ
һףĿȴֵϣֵֻѽȵþʧȻεʽȴԽԽͣǵͭġ֮ǡ
Ⱥѱΰơ壬˿̸סΪ罣굶˺Ȳ
ΰơ΢٣Цֵ
˽֣ԱԸֿȭ֮ˣȻʧ˿̲Ǳ䣬Ǹͬ˵ô
ľȻ˵ͷګګǼǼ
ΰơչһЦضĻͷѴŵ
̴Ϊ˸Сֶö໰ֵܴ˿СֶԼδգ̴ƺá
ΰơɫһʲô
һ͸˿ڳڻƺڴʱ˿̶֡



   Ǵ ʮء 

徭ĥ书ǵĳ죬Ȼʹüǿ׼ô̴֮£ڡ̴η֮ģ˿һ˵ʵѷѾ
ȴ֪ΰơ̴֮٣ΪˡɷĪֵڡçɽׯ֮⣬ɱ֮ƣѳΧҲΪ˲Ը롰˫ľĶԼȥ
Ŀһת̴溮һ룬ĬȻЩ壬Թ˵̴壬˵СֶĻе
ΰơ̴䡰ߡһ
£֪ͻᣬá
δˣͻء˫ľһХӰһ䣬ƣ罣굶ƿ岽ľŲһ˫ƾɣͻ򡰳罣ȥ
ͬһɲ֮䣬亮Ҳ굶ơ
ɲǼ䣬;׵ƣ罣굶˱Ƶûл֮
һ罣굶˱ΣΰơŨü壬ȺȸֻϽ¶Цݣֵ֪ˣֻõյ֮ơ
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±ͷҲأֻһˣ
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Цһеͻȥн̶ֻһߣһлһɡ
ľһ𣬲ͷأתƴȫбб岽ǿ㿪һС
ϸϢ֮ᣬӴǧٵ磬һֱľϡ
һ֮£ľѾʧȻǰңŵ⣬ǿķһʱ֮䣬м֮⣬޷һС
üһƬɱһƬ׹⣬ضһգѱ߽ޣԡ̩ɽѹ֮ƻ¡


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΢΢һЦĿǺɨȥֻ޻Ӿ˿ûס֮⣬֮䣬׶Ѽһֻ˿Եͻһ㣬ȫްԣ˫ü΢ޣ
֡
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ǰ֮˿±ٱԷץסһлãҲ
֪һӣƼطһһԭʽץס׵ػȥ˱ϵ


һȺΪ𾪣ǺͷãȻ⣬Ҳ벻ͨΪʩ˼򵥵һУץסԼĳޣ̽ȡһףȴ֪һУǻ̽ȡ书еţ뾡˻ʮޣ廹һ׾ٵؽץס
һ֮󣬽ҧأٴδȡ
һȴзڳ׮һֻһէϣе߽ڳޣأȫΣ˿̾ȲסΣһ岽
ȺסȻ˫ľĿд¶ϲɫֵǡ罣굶ˣɫҲƺڰˡ
ԭС籪置¶һѧ˲书䱻ΰơ˵㽫֮չ£һָ㣬书Ȼһǧ
֪ڡΰơǰΪó裬ƽվ͸δܡһʦηҲֻ֣ƽջԹ˿ܴˣȻиˡ
ΰơȴɫ䣬ֻǺ籪վΣеĶϱޣƺԼ޵еջŶ֣˰Σͻִһǰȥ

һе֣Ųһתÿƣֽаضϱ޻ӳ
һֻӳȴɣ籪һãǾֱĶϱޱɨС
ʵ书ѷһ־ȴʤֻ࣬ҪӦսδ֧һ
˿׺ݣʵѱµľѧ壬꣬ɥȻ鼱ƴкã
ΰơŨüһޣ߳ӣס֣
δˣֻһߴΣѵ˺籪ֶ࣬籪еİޣȥ
һһᣬ֮죬ַ֮ǺţȺǺȻһЦ籪ɫ࣬ͻطɱȥ
ΰơֳֶϱޣҲһۣȴ΢΢һЦһڱƽƽͺͣȴͷһȻԼʱڡھ֡е龰
ʱ⡰̴塱ϣʱ΢Ц֪أܾƽ͵ЦУ·һݺ⣬ÿ̴˵Ϸʱ򣬡̴塱ͻЦݽߡ
һߵ̴塱鷿ȥ̴塱ڰ߰һ߽ȥҲչһЦݣȴӴԺ󣬲׼ٵ鷿ȥ
ǵõһİĶ̴塱ͻЦݽĶȥҸ˲ɥ־
ûжЩ»ޣΪΪǡ̴塱ĽѵҪѧã֪أʱ˿ּ̣ЦݵʱЩȴȻ㶼ʹʱͬĺ⡣
鲻Խ˰벽ֻΰơЦ
˵֮ضϷֶһˣ̴Ȼϲ˿㻹߿Щúá
𻰣תȥԡ˫ľ΢΢һЦвŪǰޣЦ˵
پˣϷ򿴵ҲٲȫֶĻ
ЦͻȻһϷλս
˻һȺ㶼󾪣ֲڰϲ۸ǳվںˣ仰Ҳһӵǰ

ʮ˴δµִԳ֣˭Ҳ޷书ǳ
˿Ⱥ˽ڴ
˵ΰơڶֵ֮ܣ
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ֵֻܶǵһۣȻһߵΰơǰǱֻǡ
ΰơЦ
Ƿ䣬ֵֻһˡ
һӣֻһ⣬ַɳһûڰۼʧӰ١
㾪˵ȻȺһ̾罣굶غʮ
֮̾ԭҰȴǳţŷš˫ľһеĺ⡣
ֻ˽¶еĳأֻһ֮еİʹ
һ֮У˶ľҲ˶УƺźԼۼĹâҫ֣ΪǾսݣ书㶼򲻻ǡΰơĵ֡
һʱ֮䣬ֻ˼顣۶飬ΰơȻԼˣûС˫ľԼнգ۸飬˫ľȻᣬԼУȴòҲβס
ֻΰơͻ˫һģЦ
̴ֿȭǲȡλ³ɺޣӴһʹ
ЦҰֻΰơЦ֮У˫ľȥ



   Ǵ ʮĻءԹѷ 

˫ľһ֣ҶĿ⾼˲Ҳ˲ڡΰơĽŲ֮ϡ
˲֮䣬ߴΣ롰˫ľѲֻҪһ̧ɴ˫ľѨ
̧һ˫ľĿ⣬ǡһۣһ֮£ֻͷѪӿͻһס֣


һ䲻ʱ˿̣ĿеݵλȴѴͬȻȥֻŲһڡ˫ľԣſ˫֡ΰơɫһëѷᣬѵ̴ô


崹׵ң
ΰơ̴΢Цһ£ô˿ȥ
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С̴ֶҷ֣ȵ˼Լֳʤ֮󡭡
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ˣͻһƣͷȥдȵÿ
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̴һ벻ӭܣܲƷ紥֮ͻʶһǡɽ̴֮
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ʵҲ֪Լƾת˳£ˮɣȻȻת


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ΰơ´Ǿ죬ת֮ͻһգĿۣǿЦѵҪ̴嶯ô
һͦԸ̴飬Źգ
̴Ǹߴ󣬴˿һͦͻطԼǺ̴һ߰ɲǼ̴η֮ģҲͻȻȥࡣ
̴Ŀһ˼תʮ֮ǰΪе˿ⲻʮ궯֣ʤ㲻ʡӿɱŭ𣬵ЦݣЦ
֮ݣ֮£ұ̫ʹܣչ١
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֮䣬˿ûΪ˫ľʾ֮⣬˫ľľأдǸм


Ҫ֪˫ľѾã쵱Ա˵Ƴ֣˫ľƴȴһҲֺʿǰʾ˵ʹմ˾٣ȫΪ˶Լ֪˫ľҪܣӱ
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建У⻰Ųһ٣סˣͷضһǻ³顣
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ܶôʹ࣬ܶôô뽫ȥǱϾһο̹ĵĸ顣
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Ц֮Уȷǳ˸˵֮顣
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   Ǵ ʮءҸ 

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¿׷硱ˣ⺷֮ȴ˿Ȼʹ죬ԿЦŵҵҪҽִͷԺڽϻˣھ֡ʦǣǱ˿ԴҲһüͷֻǣսģҡ
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ֱһҺ˵صڵϣ½һʵᣬʵȴѽδǻ顣
ʹǵʹ࣬Ҳܲס¿׷硱ֱʹͷ亹乶䣬Դ
սģ־ͽִүˣҪĥϴĪִүҪڰ˴ˡ
ױѻ켣ĿȾϰأ˿̼ʹ֮£б̲ס˵˽еĴҰ֮
֡ս溮Ŀ絶Ȼ
Ҫ
һҡ׷ʡ½˫üﴦһ¡
һõ󣬲ƫеһߵļιϣֱһҺ
׷𽭺½Цɡ
ֱ˫飬ʹĸ˹ȥﻹó

Ⱥ㶼֡ս˺ݶַɫ䣬ǿ޷͡
һ˹ȥȰ衣֪˴ͻشһɱһ´ǡڡ졣ӵֱ࣬˫һţ֡սĿȵ
սׯѵҪô
֡սɨһۣ
ǡ𼦰еģڡ죿
ڡ
ǣսׯռֵ˲Ҳûʲô£Щݣô˶Դ
³çֺҶԡ֡ս˵ɽ˫ɷطһƬɱȺȻݡ
ȴа̾һ˵Ѫӣ˶ݣ
Ŀתֻ֡սһƬ䣬
Ϊͬˡֵܣ޶ܱ˶ݣһ˿̾ȻڡǰצҵҪ㣺Ϊˣ˵ѵҲô
ຬһƬɱڡ
һҪ˵ѵҪҹô
δˣ½˫һֻϥһ飬ʹǣع
ͷһԾ½ĺÿַ


ֻڡһƴվ𣬡׷ʡ磬˫ɣ羮ءѨ֮ϣһ£δȫڣʯ㱻˵ڵϣܶͶϲ£
֡սЦһ
벻𼦰УҲ࣬ҵҪһ̹ܽܽūˡ
Ũüﴦ򡰰ɽ˫ɷ΢һʾ⣬ɽ˫ɷֵˡֱ̽󡢰ԵЮ
˿ȺǸɫʮ´סˣǺݲ԰ף纮
һ͵ĺӣͷ亹ͻȻ˵عڵ˼ţ
Ҹղֻ˻ǹģսׯҰɣҰɣҺ͡ھ֡޹ϵӵͬˡġսׯ꣬꣡
˫ü崦̾һս֣
Ŀתͻɽ˫ɷЮż֡ڰҰ֮ȥѿڴһ

һƮƮڡɽ˫ɷǰ
֡սͻ䣬˲΢Ц֣֪ūš
ɫһΣ˼ɱ֮㲻¶֡
֡սɸЦа棬мҷ֡
˿ȫ̬֮Ŀо⣬
а棬Ī˭ǽͬ˵ô
֡սһ䣬תĿµȺһۣͻشȵ
˴ȥúΪƣ⿪ѨѵǶ˭ǡͬˡô
˵֮䣬Ŀ⵭½ֵ˸ɫɽ˫ɷӦСĵż֡˵˴ԡ
峤̾һս֣Ҳˣֻǡ
֡սɹЦ
ʶѾãʴȿ飬ѵСһ᲻֪ôʵСֺγȡ֮⣬ֻǣ䣬Ҫ˽ͬ˵Ĺضѡ
ڵϵĻºӣ˿ͻ˺´󺺵ƣɲǰ˵عҰɣ
֡սɣ΢һ֣´֮ȥºһ˵ϣȾҡȾң
˫ü΢壬ΪЩɣ̰ϧһˣԲ֮ģҪȡοˣ
δˣͻһɴº˫Ϯ
Ļºӣ˿Ŀһݣ˫ۻڼͻĺ󱳣дȵģɣ
ɲ֮䣬ȺԱɫ˫ľ˫˫𣬡֡սĿ಻֪Ǿŭϲ
ۼȫ㶼º˫ۻ֮У类סʩչȺδѣѡۡصȥ
˫ľĿ⶯ֻͷһ統ر˻һȭӵΣҲͻȻͣ
ֵ˶֮ģѷݡ
Ⱥ۷һ֡ս˫һȵ
ô󵨵ūţ
Ļºһ֣Ծýױȣﻹа˿̬֮
ĿһתѴõƣ˫һڰȥ´ѵ˽ǰȻ׷ϣۿֻҪһ䣬ҪûԶڰɽҰ



   Ǵ ʮءֻ 

䲻ݷɲ֮䡪
ӰԶڰ֮Уͻӳ´󺺣ƺҪס˵ȥ·
֡սɳһ˦ͻ
˫ľ֮£΢һɣ̸˹ȥ
֪ǵλδӳƽڵϵͻʸһͷǰź󣬼һɣ˫һգšתȵȥ
αΪ٣һȣͷȴΪ֮һݣҪ
ڼʵʵػĺϣ书ָ֮ҲԵʽ֮ʤڼᣬܵԼһ˫ƣ
˿ĺȴԺ棬˶ģȻǵδ˿δ˺
֮£Ų΢һٴ죬һָţһץסͷ
һң֡սĿһ䣬δ಻֪Ǹˣֻʧ
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֡սɳ׷ͻرһ
򣡡
ֻһ磬նȥȣԡ˦ַּǻºġѨ
´һӵϣڵ£һȡϵȣ˫ֽظ֡սɡ
һɫ糣˿ûоʧɫ̬֮ǼʣƺǷϡ
֡սɼ򾲵ֲ̬΢΢һ䣬ֽӹȣ̾պգ֣ܾô
΢΢һЦ
˫֮ʣҲȫΪ֮һתġš־áѨ֮ϣԱ㵹ȥҰнһ飬ƺ𡪡
΢٣Цӿڵ
ⲻһ龪ѣ۵øλ˾
Ⱥ۷׷ףеľ죬еĸ̾ең˭书¼η֮ġ
Ҫֽ֪ý书Ŀ֮£徹µؽƣ̣֮Ǻţ
֡սͷҲһɺ⣬ֽģȴЦҺǳ龪С治֪Ǻˣ
Цٴɫһ˵ȴίʵ˲ɣúúòһ¡
庬Ц¼ˣҲˣҲ鼱ƴѡ
֡սɳ̾
֣Ϊʵ̫Һѵ㻹ûпˣԤıҿĻǣǸӣߺߡ
䡰ߡͻᣬ
ҴĻı֮ˣСܿʮа˾ţȻǡΰơ̴
˫ü΢壬սгɼ̫ԲŻ뷨ʵ
֡սЦؿڵʵΣֲñ֪ġ
һУ´󺺱̽ǻ̧˹˿ѱ´ţס
֡սһ죬⿪Ѩ㾿˭ʲô˵ָʹϿʵѵٶԵͷô
ͻطһ΢Ц
ʹµˣսɣ
֡սɴһһȭȥ֪˫ĿͻȻһţʾʧͫɢϵЦݣҲһŤ
㡭ǡˡô
δˣۡǡ֮УȻѪ
֡սŭһ˾Ȼؿڣ


˫ּ죬סߴѨһתס򦣬ֻһſڣԿ裬صĶҩȴѱԵøɸɾ˾־ԤװɷĶҩ֮裬ȴǡ֡սҲδ뵽¡
ݴ䣬ŴԤı˿̿֡սɵĻǧȷ֮¡
ս裬עΣЦŵ
Ȼˣ˭ָʹģѵսĳ˻²ô
ͻطһţ˵ʬԶԶ߿һɣȺֿʼ˷׷׵ۣڲ²Ǻ
ʣµһЩ´Ťסĺӣ˿̸ɫһ˵󺰵
֪˭ֻҪߣҾ˵
֡սĿһ֪ô˵Ҿͷߡ
⺺һ£
Ƕ̴ͷµİ׮ǶС޶ѣֻдǸͷڽֽάʯֻͿһҩ˭ûϳ
ͷһ𣬵
ȺȻһ󾪶֡սЦ
̴ѽ̴Ȼĺ׶ҲȻпΪѣǧǣȴ벻»˲ɲĵɣ
ЦδһӺȵߣ
ºһɿƣº⣬ֿ˴ԣŲ񱼶ȥ۱ʧӰ
˲㶼֣˭Ҳ벻֡սķ˴ˣ˲ڰгޣ
սȻֶζԳɽȴӣ˿ΰơͷ·ԵԶˡ
˫ľ˿ԶԶһߣֵԹۣ˿ѹҳǹеЦ
亮񻺻֪սΪʲô˷ô
ľЦһ
й©ˡΰơĻܣھ֡Źֻ߲ɽ֮⣬Ҫʬ͵ˣñضܲңսֵȣԳؼӣñ֣һô
ֵ˶һۣһЦ亮̾


˿̴ֻѪˣҲڻɣ̴Ϊβϴ书̴֪ĹȻǸ黫׽ƵĽɫ˵Ůߣֲ书һȻʴȲ¶ȴԶҪǳ˵ӵܻ𡣡
ľ̾ǧǣһʧǲġ
亮ЦȻҾͲԶصܡ
Թۣ˽в㶼п
Ǳߵ壬иǸпǧ˰Σ̾
Ȼ̴ˣǡǡΪʲôҪأҪɱңǰ׵úôαصȵգ
֡սЦһ
ǰвҲ벻˳ɾͣԡ
峤̾ؿڵ
ҽҲκвѽж޳Ҷֻб֮ģΪҪأ
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֣ʱСΪɱֱ̾գ㾹Ȼڹ
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֣֪ʮ֮ǰ⣬壬ʲô˵ô
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ѵ˵Ǻ֣Զʮ֮ǰŷͷͬھڱô
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ʬǡΰơ̴Ľѿ֮ƶѣֱֻʴȵŷͷΪ̾çç֮䣬ûһ˿ļơ
һתתǼʮǰֵ永֮ϣȺΪ֮Ȼݡ
Ҫ֪ʮǰˣһ֮߱ʮʡСھгͷʹýеھֲǱ٣ԶЪҵӴһ겻񣬶ھ֡ܳ¡
²ʱֱ֣գǽһ˿֮£Դ˿Ⱥ㶼ѻȸš

ݲ԰ףͷ˫ƽգָ׶Ƕ
ֻ֡սɽŵ


ΰ̴Ϊ˶Խִھֽ֮ţװİ磬ɱôͷΪƵóѣ֪ˣĿֱʮ֮ãֻ֣©Ҳ벻սĳվҴܡ
Цһӿڵ


Ǻֿ֪ͣĸ޹֮ˣ̴ǶԩĿȫ٣ʹ֮£Ϊֿôھ֡ԶޱңȻ쾭֮£Ҳ˻ỳɵϣϸ޿֮
һ˵Ъ˿
Ⱥһ󾪺ָ֮ѻȸ
ֻӿڵ
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Цֵ
ŷͷҹڡھ֡ҹ˽ھ֣ΰơ֪飬ŷƽ֮һգ
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һˣвȾֺȴֲ̻ġ̴塱֡ګګ
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ֱ֣˿ѵôʴ̬֮ЩʦĹ¶Ůȫߣʹˣ˶ޡΰơ̴Ǹĺˣ
Цӵ
֣뵽̴ڹ书ߺߡδڹ书һǸ뿪ʹԶ޷һҲԶǣԶᵣ𡣡
ͷһŲģԵ
ͷ
޴ձ㲻д书ɾͣĲԸѧ䣬֮ޣΪȴŮϰ䣿
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ЩȻǲ²⣬ϸһ룬пȫοߺߣ
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δˣǱߺڰɽҰӵ´󺺣˿ͻɽʯһ
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ŲҲû߹·Ƶģǳأߵǰɿ֮Ƥÿһ̻˱ضһμΪǳ£ʹÿһ˶ҪΪ̾Ϣѡ
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Ȼߺȴʮη
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Ƿϵǡΰơ̴ϵģ
ȥΰơ֣ȫƺΪ֮һ£ĿתһתԴ
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СΪʲôȥ˼˵ûʲôȥ£Ұָˡ
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ʮǰһѩ׷ɵҹڱǣڱ⣬ֿʲô
ȥͻһĿеľη֮ɫԡ

Ⱥ㶼֪仰ضϵϢֻþöδ˵ȴڲסء죬Լһ˵̱ⷬɱ֮



   Ǵ ʮ߻ءɺ³ 

ҹµĻ棬Ҳչˣ˥Ϩ
ǴرøӺ䣬ӺڰµȺУƽ˼ĺ⡣
ݲ԰ף˲Ҳ˲ڡȥϣķ磬˫ȭҲյø
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¾㶼ָ֣Բκ˸˺㣬ֻܷŵ˵ǡ
΢΢һֵָ
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ȥ̧ͷһۣ˲ͷȥƺã
Եһ´󺺣ݸһƿ׾ƣοƿǣֹ𣬹ƿǣְο
ڣ¼ҾƣѴ̧ͷһۣ
һ죬䣬ѩ׷ɣϵѩúܺҸųӣ˱ʵڹȥˡ
м´󺺣ȥ֣ƺ̲סҪЦһ˵ɫֳ֮ȴֽǵЦѹȥ
ֻȥ˵
Ե˱ǣҾЪڳŸ˼С̣ȵһ룬ߵſ̵֪һӣͿΰơ̴̴ƥԽ߹
֡սɳؿڵҹ֮УǷ񿴵
ȥ͸˿
ʱǺҹصѩ߲̫ʵǿаֲʱһ̴֣үһˣôܵҵźȾƣҲûʮ⣡
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̴үñѹúܵͣǡһ磬̴үñӣҲῴó˼ҵġ
ͷһݣѵǡֻ֣©ô
֡սɵ˵ͷֵأ
ȥøŵ
Ҿƺˣ߰˷⣬·Ҳˣžˣ˱ĳ¥һֻԶԶѩϣƺӰš
֡սɫһ߰˷־⣬ܿôԶô
ȥ


¥Ϸܴȥ֣¥һƬѩӰúܼ磬ҲſüʱҾ;ƺƴһᣬͻȻֹͣˣֻʣһӰ߷ɳ۶϶£˾Ȼǡΰơ̴̴ү
һ㿴Ƿ
ȥηӵ˵
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ҡҡʯľȻĿֱԶԶĺڰУƺһšΰơЦŵݡ
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ʮǰ֪£ֱշ˵ѵܹʲô˵ô
ȥ
һ֪⾿ô£ֱڶ峿Ҳǹ޵СλӢ۱ɱϢ


ҵʱ־£ԽԽ£̴֪үһԸ֪˼֪ҿһὫɱڣ˱ʱ˭̴үأ˭һϳ˵Ļ
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ȥɲ֪һ̽ͷʱ̴үûпңµҪҽˣԶԶض
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ұȡΰơ̴ү鷢֮ٳ֪¾֪ϣЩЩֲ֪ԡһʮꡣ
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ô˿Ϊ˵ѵѲô
ȥĬȻͷ


ұǡʮӣȷѹҼûдûкֻŵһ˫Ϊ˼ϴңȴڼҳһڿϣҼ·ˣּįֺ£̴үͻȻһɱ
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֡սҪ˵ȥ
ȥ
ֶʵ˯ţͻȻһ﷢öҺһ֮£ܡ
֡սɵ
ûµһֵܾһץס㣬ô
ȥŵ˵ͷ


ұŵüιȥ̧ͷһַԼڡھ֡ſڣΪλ̴ү£˵һ˵үûпүкãߣ̴үڱǣʲôҲûп
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֡ս޷Թ˵ȥǡ
ȥһ
Сֿү㽫Ǽ䡮ھ֡ȫˣ֪үһǡΰơĳˣһҲ¡ΰơԾͽ´ͷβԴԴ˵˳
֡սĿһɨͻ
λѣǶλѵĻô
ȺеȻĿڴеĲסͷҲеķ׷׾̾
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λ˴˿̣֪ǡΰơĽɫˣλڱǣǡǹ޵С˫۱һ˺Ǻ֮䡮ܡӱȥġ
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ܣҵܺգľǱô
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ҲȻˣΪʲô̴Լʱǰ㾪ŵؽǼ𣬶ԶԼٵ鷿ȥ
һЩǰܽͣҲԸ͵£ɲ֮䣬ȫдˡʹࡣ
ȥηӵȺҲͬ˫ľس̾һ亮͵̾
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֡սһ룬ȵ
֮УǻйáΰơǶô
ȺȻһȣ˿˾Ƿŭߣǡΰơڴ˼䣬书ٸߣֻҲҪŭ
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ǹ޵СڡΰơǶ֣֮ҡͬˡѾҪΪ𣬸λѪжǡͬˡҲӦҪֵһ֮λô
ȺһȣֱҰδľҶΪ֮䣬϶ƺɲǼ䣬ѽٴء
֡սĿһת
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ãȻȥ૵
ȥȥϱϾЩǹȥģ̴ѽ̴ϾǴˣˣ
˫ľһۣ亮
̴֪ĻǵĶƣ˶ĿȴССһϣ治֪Ҫʲôо
ľϷ𡪡˿Цݣ
ôԺͻţϱϾʲôǹȥˡ

ɢ˴ϵŭȡ̾Ϣ
ΰơ̴һ֣һ΢ףƾµĽҹɫ֮лС
۾֣߳߸ִ˿üһƬ֮ɫƺпʲôشľߡ
塢ܣԼǡơԣٺװĺӣװ磬ƺھеģ
ƥھҹ˻ֻ̤ڵ·ϣһõá졣
磬̴ĺ룬ͻس̾һ
жһ϶еˣͶýˣЩºҲúúõϢһЩ
΢һסͷơһɸϵ࣬΢΢һЦ˵
ЩͷȻˣȴԽ壬飬ҲԽؽ
΢һƺڿԼ˵ܵõӵĻģ΢Цһ£
÷ŵ˵ɣʵھʹͽʯ˵÷Ըȥ𣬲ͷʹ˵ЩҲΪͷġ
ΰơһЦ
ͽ˴µķ͵ܣһݹ͸ѧҵķȥˡ
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ͷ塢书ǣ۷״֮Уؾ˵Ļͷˣôһҵ˭𣿡
ΰơЦݸǿʣЦ
ˣĿˣǾӢۣҲµĥֻǡ
δˣĵ·ϣͻһһƥ۶̴ɫһʲôˣ
˵֮䣬ƥһס֣۶ʿ˫һ
սѵԭڷţɽֻһˣ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôСĲͣͨͷ
ΰơ̴Ũüһ壬ΣЦ
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ơɫ΢΢һ䣬Ц
Ȼ뿪Լĵ̣ԭǻòͷˣͷĺ鸣СʵӦͷϲģǽϵܣһ书һٳҲѡ
ΰơ̴΢వ
֪֪ˣܰսʤЩˣ̫͹ˡ֡սɣʵҲǸ
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ΰơ΢ЦˣҲܸСΪǡ
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սѽսɣȻϣϷȴǱ߷ߣһһֺγӵùϷĶĿ˷ѵԭϷúõдд㣬ҲΪԭĵˣ
Ц֮У֮飬ơԴЦ
˭ͷΪУ˵ǻòͷˡ



   Ǵ ʮ˻ءѻ 

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ΰơ̴ٿȻסЦŨü崦
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ΰơ̴ʲôʣ
ߡϢδӿڵ


սһڮͷ䣬ɽµ˾һΪͷǱߵֵܣвƽδ֡ս˳ȥͷۿƲԣ֪սµܻ񣡡
ΰơŨüһ
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δˣΰơͻЦ
Цʸ߿Ȼǳ˵֮顣
סֻΰơ̴Ц
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תԵ
͵ܣһֱٳδԡͬˡ֣ΪԵʣҵļƣ˭ܲµ
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ͷ㣬ܲ⣿书˵պͷһ۰򡣡
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ΰơ̴Цһ
⺢ʵǸͿˣԡ
΢٣һۣ˼ԷŵġơԵŵ


ҴСĥ˺ģţҪʹһųõˡ֪Ͼǳ֮ǡȻҽѹˣֻҪԷһ㣬ȫӿڶд˳ɾ͡


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磬Եˮ̷һˮƱ͸ǧŲֻ֮δ뵽
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ΰơһͷЦ͵ܣҵĵ
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ս֪ҲŹȻֵù󷽡͵ܣ⡮֡սȥҽˡ


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ܾһ
ΰơ˫üһ壬ͻֳڣʯװˡ
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ңǱطţɽȥۡ֡սкζ跨ң©һϢҲĪҪˡ
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ͷ㣬治ѷһ
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һҳҵİ֣ǶֵܵʦţҲҵĺܣЩԮҪʲôһ˵Ļݿɴǰ㲻ѧĴţʹöңԼ䵱Щţʮ£Ͼ̣Խǵļĥ࣡սѽսɣϾѡ˶֣
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ЩܣٶʮδɵĽɫΪУҲ㲻ʲôˡ
Цǵ⣬߿ֻһƳ֪˵ִȴһε͹һδ˵Ҫʱڵġ



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˭龿ίʵӹ޴֮ҽЩź֮ץ㣬㿴ǾǺ˵£
һԶϴҹ֮пҰԭʼĹ˴һңЩڰź֮˶鵨֮£鲻ԽͶɱ˷˿ȥ


ǽŲ±ͻطӰ羭쳤һתϵǧ˫۾һܿòĿȥӰһһӰշȺΧŵһſյ
˴е塢˫ľ彣δѣֻʮӰ˷ӿշ顱䵽ϣЩӰķ򶼲һȴͬʱ
ͷһʣԾһɣĿȥӰһûԶ㣬׶β
ֺŵṦ֣ȺǼδδţֵȻңʦ־ǵʱеľ˵Ṧ֣಻ľ
Ŀֻ˵Ӱ΢΢һȻȴͻϲһ˿Цݡ
һץסһ´󺺵½󣬳ƣĿѨֻǾ֮ݣĿ
Сû˵ʲô
Цһƽһģιϣֻʹ󺺲Һһͷ亹¡
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˭£˭ָʹǰЩҹԹ˵Ҿʹ̴˫ǣϹһ˫۾
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尵̾һƺ뵽ʲôȴס
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СˡСǡɽׯׯ¡
仰һ˵塢˫ľ彣㶼Ϊ֮һ
ԭǡ׷ꡯ£
ȺʱΪ֮󻩣˾㶼Ϊضǡ֡սµ֮ߣȴ벻ǡ׷ꡱǷɺһʯƣ롰彣ǻȻҪܾˡ
ôΰơȻܺΪǡ֡սɵֶΣҲ᲻ڡ֡սɵıɡ
亮˫üһ
һʯΣٺ٣ƣ
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΢΢һЦȻȥϵʮ´ϣƣ̲סʲô
΢΢Ц
ָʹ˿̴ҼȻ֪ʹ֮˭̨С𣬲罫Ƿˣ
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Ⱥڼ˴еĶ彣ȴľʯһڵأ˭ҲҲһ仰˵
ʱӵ˴Уһ۾Ůӣ֮ĶĿһͻƳ˫۾вһҴ򡰶彣˱ȭһᣡһᣡ
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彣ü΢ޣԹ㣬ˡˣ
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Ƴһۣ߲ô
̬֮Уһֳŵǣ𼦡һһ벻಻ų꣬Ѷɸ֣΢һ˵
ҪҲУҪ㣬µġڡ죬ʲôҪ֮أ
˻һ巴Ϊ֮һګګô
𼦡һȵ
ѱٽ衮ͬˡİɱڷţɽĻĽҷֵ磬ʬҪɡ
ͷһݣؿڵǷǡ¿׷硯ʬ
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δˣһЮһ㾢磬嵱ͷ¡
Ⱥһ󻩣֪ͬˡġ𼦡һ䣬֣
һתٿȻﵽ󣬳߳ô
𼦡һȵ
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֮£ջϻ飬йɨ˫㣬һձһϬһձһճأ̾뽫ڹ¡
ƮƮǷݵرܹգа
벻⡮𼦡һ䵹ѪԺӣΪһֵܵϧƴ֡
һˣеԴ˼ֺøУ֮䣬ԽԸֶУֻ֪Ѷˡ
֪𼦡һʽȴһнһУһпһУȺеĲŭ


벻⡮𼦡ǸӣΪһ£ܱ֡Ķ࣬˭ҲԸ£οѿֻǴöѣĳ֣𼦡һ߹ʮУ



   Ǵ ʮһءͬ 



շѩɼȻ˿ȴɼŵıѩҲմһ½ǣշӰߣֻ˿̵λĿ֮£Ѳ߱ܣ治Ը蹷֮һʶ
˫ľֶۣ亮̲ס
ǲ˽˰ɣ
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˵֮䣬𼦡һԹУ˿֪Уϲ¶뽹֮ɫĿȴڴʲôסѰȻԼð֣ȴ֪Լ˭
˴ͻ˵Էֿ
ڰеǷɺˣ
ֻ˳һֺϣ׷ꡱǷɺѺȻһװһֻңؾİ
˼װɫвһ֪ض׼˶ֶ亮˫üһǴг֮⡭
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ӳֻһҺӰէ֣ĿȺɫ˫ľǻȻʧɫ
ֻ𼦡һ˭Ҳһ

ڡ
𼦡һϷһ˿ҵЦƣָǷɺ磬ŵ㡭㡭㡭ݡ
δˣһ䵽ϣҡҡƺҪ׷ꡱȥ
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ͻһƣ𼦡һη㱻һϣҺһҲᶯˡ
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Ŀڴֻ׷ꡱǷɺ˫һģһʬһţ΢Цܾô
ګګ㡭ǡ
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׷ꡱתͷȥ΢һ֣˴бѱ󺺣̧ȥˡ𼦡һʬ
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Щھ֡ڻѼˣȴΪ֮е⣬ͬˡɱǶԡھ֡
˫ľԶһۣдɻѿ⡰׷ꡱضͼıֻȴҲʡͬˡġ¡

ѩЪȴ
׷ꡱ΢Ц£̧ȥ𼦡һʬȺɢȥͻһϢش˹ȴڡ׷ꡱͷ֮һ㣬Ƿɺתȵ˭
Ŀ⶯ֳֳЦȻһ߿⡣
尵̾һ֪֮£δ˽ᣬֻפ㲻ߡ
׷ꡱɫ΢΢һ䣬Ц
ҵ˭ԭλȴ֪λʱѧڰ˵ı죿úܡ
ԴϬȻϽĿǡ
ֵȻ˪ԲΪ
˶Դڰ֮úܣ˿ֵ̻˵ô
׷ꡱǷɺЦ
˵ҵҪмλˣ

үǰһʱ֮ʹ£ɢԣϽ˵ʱҪڽ£ûзǰˡ
׷ꡱǷɺ·һ㶣ãȻ֮ɫ
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Щ˶ҵ£ڰָʹǣ
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ǰ˵ȥˣĪǶٵĽ£
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׷ꡱǷɺˣֵܹң
Ŀһݣ
˭ָʹ˭Īǡ֡սɣֻǡ
ЦٿȻסڣĿȴбһۡ
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Ȼعͷȴ˻ȥֵ˱ϾͽֻǽӲѡ

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Σ׼Ѱҿջ
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δˣͻƥ۶·Ⱥ׷߱ܣˣ㶼ɫ⺷ʿƥһسĴ󺺣ұ΢أ֧һڵ׻ֵĴ죬ӭչѡ
嵹ֻĺȻǰβӣΧһġ̴֣
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ѹЩֺʿȻ·ԭǡΰơŵˡ
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쳹Ұ
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һһ飬ԽͷβȻת˳֣һĺԶԶ
׷ꡱĿһ֪սֵȥˣ
һֻۣ֮˵Ŀ⣬ֶתԼߣΣսֻѷϣ㶨̴ҪլҲڽϲһ£רȡھ֡ڳɽ¡
׷ꡱĿһͻȻߣ͵͵
ԣ˵̴в֮𣬲֪δ㣬ҪСЧ֮
ɫһĿעԶãԻ
̴ҲҪô
׷ꡱǷɺˣ
ĿⲻֵΪʲôڴ˵صԵˡ
׷ꡱǷɺͻطһɫһбĿˡ˫ľһֵۣ
ôֵܵĶԼ
ؿڵ
ˣʤȫ޷֮£бȸ֮Ҫô


˳ȣ˳ţ׷ꡱͷһעԼǰһۣ·ֱգĿƵģЦ˵ΣСܴ֮ȥǣ
ˣʮΧһ빪
Сľǡͬˡˣֻ⣬һֱ˵ڴ˵֮СĵɽסĿջó
Щ˲̬ǻֿ̻֣̿ǵӵĵӣʦǰ˵Ƶġ
׷ꡱĿһƺ˹ȴЦˣΪ׼޴
ʮһ̾ϢƺԼΪЧͶʧֻһмӿ
лλĹģҡʵڸмúܡ
Ȼͨͨ׻˵ˣȴһֲͬζ
ֻ־ǳģ˿ûǿƽյΪһˣ᲻Ȼ𾴣


˫ľ̾һмǵ⣬Ǹˣһӣͽѣʵ忴ԼӡͽˡѵĻϣ˶𾴰Ǹˣ뵽ԼһδܵУֲд
ˣʮһ빪ȥ漤֮ɫþòƽѪڣԼ
ͻ亮һ
δˣ죬ʮֻ𳤼һ㼤е壬еǷɺ磬еľЩ̧ͷĴ󺺡


ĿһݣХһܷһɼӭ˹ȥҪ֪ܿȻףЩȴҪڼ£˿ӭϣȴΣѼǿ磬ۼʮ֦ϡ
˫ľ˼֮ϣЩеķأеľΪ嵲ס
Хδֳ³ֻ磬Х𣬾һɨ룬µƵӰ죬׵ر㱻ܿ
仯ǰף۱ֱ˿֮˷Էһ󾪺֮


׷ꡱ಻һ˿жɫֻԷ֮ϣʮӣ˴һ̵ȴ£ų֪أû˽ڶ佫ֻǴ壬Ǹж֮ɫ
˿״ȴǱѱԼ˺ƣ˰ڵĽ౻鼱֮˺١
еƬסƮ裬ϵɫԾδпȴһׯϸ߹
Ƿɺ߳һݣ֪ϵĺӣȴһԾˡع򵽵ϡ
峤̾һ
Ϊʲôʹгֺο˼ˣ
Ƿɺһϣ
Щǡ𼦰ڣˣһµĴ󽫣Ŀֵܣ
Ȼ˵ͷ̾
ԭΪҲ㣬ȻܴɣǿȥɣԺܻиĻᡣ
𼦰ȴһ̧ͷֺ֮̿ݣеĿӯڵϣסߵ
Ŀֵеķһ׵
Сǲ֪Ȼ忶Բ飡˿̵ƾ𷣣СĵûаԹԡ
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壬СԺз֮ģ𷣣ȻԸС˵ҲҪΪЧ͡
峤̾һ
ȻˣλЩѩϺλҪ塣

Ϸ˺˵е˿ѩɢ䣬һĽԼĳ˫ǰ
Щ˵ȴһԲΪеĸмѷܱ˿Ī˵Ҫǽ³ǽͷ­ѪҲһ˻ԥһ¡
ЩѪĺӣԼЩԹڵϲĽ𼦰ڣګګλ
ֻͷʣ˵֮һĻ˵УǸ̾ѣֻС׷ꡱȴĴͷȥȴ֪ڸ̾ꣿֻԾβ



   Ǵ ʮءҹ 

ѩͣͣЪЪϵĻѩȴˡ
ǽĻѩڳڣһƬףƻһƬ׵磬תһǳҵɫҹֻؼһƬҲֲԭҰľ
Ұ˼һССǰȴ׿һʮ꣬ŮĺҹԵ¿ࡣ
һյССĳ֮ƣƵĵƻӳӰѩϵӰӣȴܽļį
ֻһ˫Ĵ۾ҹеһ˸ҫţĿУ¶ǽȴ
ڵȴʲô
˲Ҳ˲ŶԷһۿⶰҵţĵƻ𣬽ϡ䡭
һ󺮷紵˸ս̲סˣҧҧһϸعлл㡣
ȻСĵǶ˹ȥ
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ǽߣԼһĵǽڣһԾ˫ַ״ǽͷȴֻ
ģٴһԾȥһԾ
ڣ㲢õȥһĿ⣬һתֻԺҹˮ
̾˿磬
ѩҹԺУһ˷ܺ壬ƣ֮عһή˵İ¡
ԣǻģûǹ⣬ûɫעµİѩ˼ԭҰϵĿһХȥԼ
ͬĺҹУڡھ֡еĿľ£ʹԼ޴ʹԼΪʲôԶѧ书ѧһС
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ʱ󳣳һֻůС֣ͻȻΪ飬ͻᰲοرֻС
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˼ͻȻֻصǰҲһͽҹͬĺҹһجξѺ󣬱Ҳ޷˯
Ȼĸ常جģʱıʹ࣬˿ƺһصĵס
еһУ˿ȻңԶȴƾǰϸصĺҹȻ㶼ͬѩɫҲһǡ
µıȴǶô棬ô޴أ
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Ҹ٣һһͻȻˣ̫ôȴϧ̫
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ڤҹԺУһӰ˹ͣ£ߣͣ¡
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Ҳ֪˶ãڣһ䣬㡭
Ůŵ
硭硭硭
Ҳ֪˶硱ֻ֪ġ硱ϣ


ڰӰһסںԺеġ˫ľֵ˳ߴ˰Σ̾һŽŲصȥ亮̲ס˵ŮԼ˵Ԭɣ벻
ľ
꣬ȥϲȥᣬҲñ˰οһˣҲֵñ˰οģô
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ҧأصص˵ͷҧҧôһ˿Ѫ߳
Ԭʹˣϣʹŵ
磬㡭ҪΪǵĵѽ
ļͷŵ𣬸𣬸𣡡
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˫ü


ľ̴ˣ֪֪Ϊ㣬Ƕôʹ࣬һ˶һЦһޣһ˵Բһ˵Բ㣬ȥ̸죬ǳ㣬ʲô̸̸ֿޣ̸
ĳ̾һͷȥɲ֮䣬ֻһѪӿͷִסˡ
ãֻԬֵ


˵˼Ҫ޸ʲôֵܣ˳ֱ׽˻ȥҪҪֱؾ˶ֵܣǡܳҪ޸ֵܵϢֲ֪֮Ҫˡ
ľأ૵ǰҵô
Ԭĳ̾һ˵ͷ
ֻߡˡȻһӡǰĻ·


ӽԺ֮꣬ԶҪȥƭκһŮӣԶҪһŮģ㰮ֻҪã͸úúõȥΪʲôԭ򣬶Ҫ˺ҲҪܵ˵˺
Ŀעűѩ૵
ѷģ˺أϾǰҵѽҡҡ
ʹҧסԼ촽
Ǹ𲻹죬ܲôǣǱ˳ɱ˺Υԡ
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˵ףʵȴǺѵģΪֵԭ㲻òȥ˺һˣ
ֵԭ򡭡ֵԭ򡭡ˡˡ
Ԭͻؾһ
磬㡭ôˣ㡭Ѫ
ƣΪĨȥ˴ϵѪȻǺҹѪȴһĳȡ
жظƣ̾ϾͻСЩ¡ǲᶮġ
Ԭ˳ӵص˵ͷȻԸԼᣬֻҪ硱˵ĻȴԶǶԵġ
ãǺȻ뵽ʲô
һǸˣǲǽ׷ꡯ
΢΢һ֪
Ԭ
˿ɲǺˣڡھ֡￴˺Ժ̴̴֪˵Щʲôһֱڶϣ͵͵ߣ
ͷһݣôɿˣ
Ԭᶨص˵ͷͻԶɽʯһ̾Ϣһصһһٵ˵
ǡ桪ģ
Ԭɫ䣬ͷһݣ߳ʲôˣ
Ӷ֪ɽӰһ׷ꡱǷɺ˳૵ģģģ
Ϸһ˿Цݣ
磬ˡ͵֮λСһԺУҾ;ˣԲ߳
ԬͷһΪжΪСģȻ˱ˣҲʼ˽⣬ֺʿĶĿǺεǰҲŵģֲʼΪǱ
һ⣬ҽ̫࣬ؾһ˯ȣʱʱ̿Ҫűˡ
Ŀ⾼ȻһԲעǷɺ磬ĺ׶ġ׷ꡱ˿̾Ȼݣګګ
˵ұ롮ΰơжı𡮽ͬˡɱ𼦡һ䣬֡սɣԼȿȣԼ㣬³֮ͬˣӵΪ
һԲעȲŭҲԹޡ
׷ꡱɿֵ
һʵһɵģҹĶɱӦһ
̲ס̾һ㡭㡭̫ˡ
ǷɺĬȻͷȥ˵
˵ЩڰжԶֵĺӣԼĲָʹˣЩ̴Ļ
Ƿɺ紹׵
ЩҲָʹģΪ̴붫ֵܽ׺̫ʱҪԼҪɱңҲûа취ˣ
ͷһ֮̾УΪʲô˶Ҫƭأ
׷ꡱǷɺ̾
֮Уǿʳ磬ұΪУˣԶ޷棬ǡڲ֪ҵ뷨ˣʲôط˶Զįġ
΢٣ֵ
ȫΪΪˣʵڸжңҡұ뽫˵غھƲм϶ҩҶҩ׼ˣһɫζĶҩǡʵ²֣
ͷһݣ֪ԼԵһ⣬̾Ϣһ˵ͥԺУڰУͻһĳЦ



   Ǵ ʮءǰϦ 

ҹѽȥᣬһЦ֮Уǳɭ֮⡣
塢Ƿɺ硢Ԭһһ
˭
ֻڰһ˵
֪ܸģɽ̣ʩƣ˿̻ô
ĺУ಻֪Զǽ·ǶߵͥԺʮӰ
ͷһȵʦǰ
һˢغɣżһ̤ѩĿ֦ٿȻ䣬һƬͥ԰֮⡣
紵Ұѩԣޱߵľţصִأչû˼
弫ĿĹˣԴ󺰵ʦǰ
߿ĺÿ֦ϵĻѩɽ۵ư·䣬һֻ޵ĺһ۱û˺ڰС
˰Σ̾һӻͥ԰Ԭһ˫۾Ľ˲Ҳ˲
׷ꡱǷɺ˫ִϥľأݲ԰ףĿڴǻƶСĺ顣
΢΢һЦسɷСùϲ֡
ԬȻЦһӽԺ˯Ҳ˯ðЩˡ
׷ꡱǷɺһĨ亹ķȴȻڰسɷ𡭡
ȻЦ벻ΪƱϾö࣡
çȻ֪Լ˵򵥵ĻУŶô򵥵
尵̾
֪ʧߵҹĵʹ࣬˵ƽּƽĻԸ֮ͽ˿̶վһĵ˵Ļ
Ŀ⽻⺮įͥ԰˿ͻȻůʵΪͥ԰֮У˿ʵԡ

ڳڵҹ֣˿ȴȻǺįġ
Ȼྡྷװ嵶Ĵ󺺣ԳصƤѥϵز̤·ϵĻѩѲŽߵڳ
ȻþƵǣΪ̽һıĿˣ̰ľƵ֮ͨ
ǣµĺįȴôأصѹÿ˵ͷѹ͸
żһĿЦ˺ڰ᯼ţ۶Цȴеĳء
ȻֵͷһĲҺ
֪жˣ̿񱼵Һ֮ĵطҰ׵ѩϣһ̯Ѫ
ʺѪ⣬һھ֡£֫չڳĲ£ǾֲĿնµĲ񷡣
һѩذףбʵϣѪ˺ҹȻɲ֮䣬Ѻ͵ϵľֲһˣӴֱԶȴҲ޷ںϻÿ
սѿʼжˣ
˷ܶŵĺһһںҹɢš
һҺڳֵһͷ
ƥŽͻԽԵһլгͷˣֳֺŽǣһı
ŽǲϣʼںڰĳУĽﱼۡ
żһ㣬ĺӣԴȵ
ֵܣһۼͷ÷ɢ
Ҳһһ˺ڰĳС
ĳУȴѴˣʧȥҲʧȥΰ
ȻһЩĹٲ޿κεĴѲţǵ۾˿ȴƿѪ
ֻһеһߡߣԵֵģߣȴȥһ졣
Һ֮Ȼϣʱڶʱһĺӣ̤ĵĽŲȥѰ㣬Բһʵļ⵶ǰƥ˿ǡԱ۶
ǣϵʿ߳һһ
ĵֻͷһľֿɳܵصѩϣƾڵ㣬̤


һĽԺڰжɽͣһİߡ
δϱӰɶ£Ųͣۼû˺ڰǹصһ㡣
˭
ƥӵһ󳵣Ժڰг񱼹ҹеĳ֣ͷһˣ׷ףĿУ
֪˭ڽԷһ
ΰˣ
δ䣬һֻʵƣס촽ܺӰ
ûо
ͣڽһլԣǰŵһң
֧֣
˿Ѳ֪ںʱժͷϵġΰơ̴ͷ΢ʣԾ
һӵǰ
һƣɫ԰ףĿɢ̴ãȻ˳
һޱ飬ﲨʧȥɡ
ãȻȹɫһҰ׵ѩأһլԵĵҲûпһۡ
ΰơ̴ĿһȻ̾һլš
լţһع𣬽ضǵĿ⣬ȴز˿еĶ
ΰơˡΰơˡ

ɫøˡҲ֪жԶ
ĴլУյƻ
ҵĽŲȴ΢ģΰơ̴ҴһԺ
һԺţ᷿бһ߳
˭
̴ɿһ᷿еƻδжĵġ彣һӭ⣬΢΢һЦ̴سҹˣ
ΰơ̴صϣ̼һ˿Цݣ
Ӧڴ˵ȺֶǴݣһ٣ȴ޶ܵͽĺ
һЦ̴Ϣͨĺܡ
Цһ᷿ЦǷķأ
Ĳɵغΰơ̴ͻȻ̾һͷת⣬˵ǰֶǲ֮⣬ϷʱֻСŮ̫ᣬָֿʲϣδҲִپ
΢΢һЦƺ˵ʲôȴһ½ǣסĻͷ
ΰơĿһת಻֪ûпӿڵ
ԴӡçɽׯԺСŮִά֮벻֡Ѷ˳ġ
ݽľһޱ顣
Цܵиˡ
ΰơ˫üһչ
ϷһֻôŮԡԸ⣬ϷҲֻú顣
ƺرǿ顱֣ʾԼġ
ֵܶһۣΰơֵ
ֻǡϷŻ̫֪ͣǷʵϣ
Ǻޱ飬޻ر֮⡣
΢΢һЦ
̴£֣ʮӢۣδһ̴̴֮˵Ż̫ͣСֶǱ㲻֪Ǻˣ
ΰơһЦ
ֶˡ˵֪߿Ķ֮
ؿڵ
ΰơ̲סɫһ䣬ʲô
Ŀһ΢Ц
̴岻ӽҹִЩ֮£ֵҲΪ֣Щǡ
ΰơĿתת
ˡ¡˵Ȼ˿̬ǳֻôȨҾˣҲЩ񡭡˵ô
һ˼һ˵Կͷ֣˵üһϲ
̬ǳ
ΰơת̾һ
ֶ˵ҡھ֡ʵ˾УϷֻһŮҪ˹ޣܰġ
˵ͷ̴尮ŮУ˻Ҳǵ
ǫʺҲʮ
ͻؽüһ
ִԣ˵̴ʮǰһͷЩϵ֪Ǽ٣
ʢҲס
ΰơɫ΢΢һ䣬ͻЦ
çƥĶˣϷδϣֶȴΪô
һۣЦ̴߽ٲҪңܣܡ
ΰơЦѪֱʱԣ
Ŀһתֱ򶫷𣬿򶫷
֣Ϊѵ֮£һڳеүӡ
δˣͻһҵĽŲⱼΰơŨüһŭ߳ʲô£
ֻơԴǰ£
ϻ֪ͷҪһ
Ǿ֮ɫҲʧ˳̴̬֪򾲣˿ģضб䡣
΢һ֮䣬ٲֻ΢΢һЦ
в㣬̴Թܳȥǡ
ΰơЦһ
ֶǰʲô£֣㽫ϻȡ
ơ΢΢¶ɫګګ
̴ɫһô
ơԸɿһתɲǼľϻĴ󺺣첽˻
Ц
̴֪徿ʲôϲ֮£ҹ
ֻ󺺽аϻϣüһԲ߻⡣
ΰơĿһɨɫ䣬
ȥˣϷҪúóлһ
ơԹ
ֻһ춯һϻѷǰʯϣȴˡ
ΰơ䡰ߡһɫһƬࡣ
彣һĿȥֻľݺ֮ϣֽȻдľǣ
ءΰơ̴ͷ֮ϲ
޾޻Ѻ
ΰơŨü߳һ˵󱲣
ֵ鲻ԽΧԣֻһץһϻǡ
̲סһ뾪һüµĺľݺ֮ڣŵһʯΧͷ
Ƶĵƹ£ֻͷѪѱϴȥ֮䣬ȴƱһϸ˿һ˫նֲ۾˲Ҳ˲ڡΰơ̴ϡ
̴һĿ֮£֪ͷµĵʦ·


΢һ㽫ϻƿ治ʿ֪ȻͷµĵʦУ˱ҹǲϣȥȡ֡սһҴС׼ȴ˵׼ȱն
֮رһɭ֣֮ΰơ̴ľ׼֮ǰ԰׵뷢ĺ粻ס
һʱġܡȻ³ǶֵܣҲһ֮С
ΰơ̴ͷǷһ֮⣬֪˵书ѿһ֣ôçɽׯǱǸǾˣȻ֪֡սȡ˵׼ȴҲ˼Ĵۣ
һʱ֮䣬ͷʮֳأơԣѽճȭȴڲס
Ҳ֪˶ãͻؾһأȥˣ
һתĿ⣬һֱԲĶ𣬹ȻѲ֪ȥ򡣡ΰơɫ䣬ߺ֣𡭡
΢һţֻ󴰻ӵǰ⺮Ӱ
ȴ¶һ˿ᵭǰɫƺѾԶˡ



   Ǵ ʮĻء 

̴ĵضһյµ֮£һĵƹ⣬ӳһ۾޷
塢ǡ꣬ƺһȴһôǡôʹج
ĻЦݣ˿̾㶼ѾԶȥΪ꣬ѱ׳յľ
¾ģԶҪٶκУΪСⲻһΪµô
ܾ䣬ܾ˼ֻҪʬһػȥʱΪ»ڣͼʱϼȻ󡭡
ȻأҲܾȥ룬һľʹȥľɱɱԼ
ͻأһ졣
ʲδţȴһص
̴
ãȻߵǰ֧ӣ˿һ˿ܾȥ룬ܾȥһб߻֡
Ӱһ֣֡
Ӱֵʱʶӳ⡣
ṦȻõģڼžĺҹУ˳ȥ컬ڱһ
ǰӰṦȴӸͷЩԾ
ܾȥ롣
ɲۼ䣬һǰһӳ˺Ժӹ۴αȵݼӵһǳеĻҰ
̴ӣӵǰֻĿ⾼԰׵ڵüüȴһݳص
ϵ֪˱еĽӣ彣еĶҲ֪˱ǵΪԼµķ
ãȻȲǾȣҲɬֻʵʲô£
ֳ侲ʹñ侲ĶΪ֮һ
ľãҪԼж侲ֱһ˿飬Իֻһ仰
̴˵
˫ȭһǴӦ޸ң
̴ǡ
ҧԼݣãԼԸģ
̴ǣ
ͷһһ⣬ԽŵֱķǰһƬڰľȻãʲôʹӦأ
̴ĿƶһۣĿȫһľͷһȻ˵Ҽ޸㣬Զ
΢䣬ͻطһ˿΢Цŵ
֪˰ɣô
ľΣ类ʮһףͷ˼ӿͻشȵããӹңߣߣ
һԾڰбȥֻںڰƮ

ҹɫ̴԰׵ݣĿƺ΢΢һЩӨĹâ֪Լ˺һģ֪ԼǼ̱䣬ǧ֦ðٿǧ
ܾȥ롣
дӴ˻һǰ;޵ӢۣеĻԶҲУõļԶ֮߸
Щʲôϵ
ܾȥ롣
ʲôҲ룬ʲôδƵģ·ӻء

ͻأһӰǰ
ӰͻȻһƬͻȻƮĺ̴һסӰֻԼǰ֪ʱѶһλѩٸ죬֮ߴȴǺŵŮӡ
ֵǣŮ󣬾Ȼһֻƽɫܡ֮Уһӡ
֮Сͯ¹ڶȻȴ·³Ʈ˿˿ƣѩŮӸѩ֮ϣһ˫·ֱ͸ĵĿ⣬ȴ˲Ҳ˲̴
̴ͷ΢ʲôͷһƬϾҲ޶ԣֻһҾ˵кμ̣
ͯ̾һ
ֻ³ǰ֮⣬ϵκ¶Ķˣ
ŮһƬ֮ɫ
ӣᣬշΪʲô벻أ
̴ȻһЦ
ѳɼ룬Ωȳ˿ɻңɣ£羵ˮ¶ѣʵ̫ˡ
ͯһ۳ףЦô
Ůһۣ΢
˼飬ѵ˵ƭô
ͯЦ
ӣ㣬Ĳϼûгɼ룬ҲûгɻңֻҪͷӷڣϾûвõĶ鳣֮졣
̴ﲨһ̲ס̧ͷλһۡ
ŮһЦָŪ޷
ӣʯΪԶûܸж£ǰҺ
纣ػˡͯһֺۣݣͻسֳһޱȵᣬӵ
Һʱ谭ѣ治֪ǻҪɱǡ㿴ڻһô
̴ţλӰ֮⣬ͻȻԼľķһ˿ů
һ˫ǰеġܡƺˡܡеġաƺˡеġΡƺˡʵеġᡱȴܱ΢Ц
૵ʯΪô
ͯЦһɫ
ȻģֻҪУܾʹĿ飬ô飬ܻõġ
Ů
ӣ飬ûͱʹľӣԸǵĻô
̴ͻͷһ鼤¾δ顣
죬˵ͷ
ͯЦãֻҪҾóĲʯ
Ů
ӣߣǰȻһңԶѵ·;ǲҪ£㿴ڰ䳤Ҳô
̴ٴε˵ͷһ˫ˣ򶫷һ˿ȥ

ڰ䳤ڵˡ
Լѩ䣬ˡ
人ϵһȺȴ˿ܺ䣬Ȼӵһϡ
ҹͨδߵˣȻǾȡ
ΰƵˣ껹Զô
Ŀ⣬ԶأۼȽŵĺϡ
ԡϵڳдţ
֪սҲ
ҹҿľݺУΰơ˵װʲôö
Ů̴ҲˣžҪ͡彣еүˣһ٣ΰơɸ绢ˡ
Һģ䣬ͻ̴𡣡
㵹˵˵λ˭书Щ
֡սɵ£ҲȺУŻٵԡ
֪ܡ·졢λս֡ԴҹݺУװľǵͷ
̴֪ȻŮ˼ҶֵȴδؿϸףԼͷ
ᣬ书Ǹߵò˼飬ֻҪһ֣ΰơ̴治Ķ֣
ԡǷꡣ
ʱ䣬Ƿ⻺䣬人ϣڳȴδֹ֡սɡ彣ΰơ׷ꡱһЩĿӰ

δѩȴѩ
£ŷ׷ɵѩͷ˼ѩһҡ
ĳˣںڳŮӣȴ˵ࡣ
ӽԺ֮꣬ԶҪκһŮġ
Ĭ仰ǰ׷׵ѩÿһ䣬ƺɡӡǲ԰סֿ̹ĵϤݡ
ΥǰĻȴǲ
ǲ𣬵ȴ̴纣飿
ܲõ庬ھȪ֮£
˾ȻתڴǰԬͻĵس̾һ˵ѩô㲻֪ôˣ
ͷһ׷ꡱǷɺ
ΰơһֱ˿ûжȴʲô¶ҪܣҡҲ֪ѱ־ȥ̽һ£ضԽǵʵ̽
̾һҡͷ
֣֮£زɾãǼȲԸ˼ԼƭǣֺοԼȥŪˣ
׷ꡱһֻ˻ϣʵǲɷ
˫ľڴ࣬亮ȻϢˣ
δˣֻһװĺӣҴұˣϵɫͻȻѰ˱Ƶġ
Ƿɺһ߳ʣ㼱
ѾˣԷ׷ɣǷ꣬ӡھ֡´Ϣܡȷѱ
Ƿɺ絭Ӧһֻӿֵ
Ҫǣҹ彣еĶԼǡŮ̴һʧˣе˱ѰҲ֪ǵֱ˿̣ΰơ̴ڽ֮Уʼûж
Ԭ侪̾һ
ɫ䡣
׷ꡱڵأ֪Ǿϲ
˫ľ⾪˵Ϣó
ǷɺϢǷɿ
װӴϢŵ˵ͷ֪һ컹δȥ˻ľأԺͻһ˷ɱˣ
ͻиھ֡е书ߣƽɡ־ȥߵ֪һ֣ͽƽɡ־ڵأ



   Ǵ ʮءӢĩ· 

׷ꡱǷɺɫ࣬㿴˴ʲôģ
⺺΢һ
ɫһƬƣ·زǡھֵ֡ͷϴһձңѹüëϣ˺ѿĿ⣬ϴʲôЬӣСȴûп壡
׷ꡱһֵϿɴбУ
⺺Ӵ׵
ģûбУȴưһǹǱ֮
׷ꡱ˫üһ壬
ھУĽɫСȥ
ˮؿڵѰļȻңȻҳȥ


δˣ߳⣬شͥԺֻĴ⣬һƬӣʮӣӵǰס˵Ӱ˫һ֣󲽶ֻһӣ緽ݵģڽǰһĵ̬ƺδǰʮӿ
彣ü΢˭Ѱкμ̣
⺺ȻʹͷҲһۡ
üµĻѵûô
ֻ⺺Ӹɿһ˻
̴ͷҪȰ齵ھ֡򡭡ߺߣ
ɫһЦȥ
δˣͻ⺺ӾЦһӣȥͷϵķձң¶һ˫ѩ۾
Ŀȥͻشһԭ㣡
һ˹ȥס˵ļͷѩϣ׷ɵĴѩУЦȸԾ
Գŵġ˫ľ׷ꡱԼԬΪ֮һ㶣ЦУֻЩȥҲͨһϢ
ǺӴЦҵжصúܣ©Ϣ
һЦһı۰ʯס
ԬﲨתҫôҲˣ
һͣҫ˭ҫ񣿡
׷ꡱĿעֻô˵һ˫۾Ϥãѿڵͯӣˣ
Ԭ˭ͯӣǡھ֡ҫĪҪĵ
һתЦЩŪЩʲôͯӡػҫأ
ͯӡЦҫҪҪҪ̴֮Ҳ˵Щھƣ̸
ǴЦЯ˺Ժһ˫๲ѣȻδȴδ衣
ֻǾñ˴˼䶼Щˡ
֮ǷɺкھƣͯӡЦ
ϲ֣ڴ󳹴ԺСҪ
塢Ƿɺһ㶣ѿڵ֪
ЦűҴڵϵƽ־һְµӦΪֵһһСܶеúܡ
׷ꡱһĲְ߳亹ΪԼǿɳһʱ֮ѡ˿в֣
Ʒ𣬡ͯӡ㿪ʼЩĹ£˵
ֽ֪ΰơǶżı˭Ҫ˵³Ǵ˲Ƿӱǰ׳գ̴ȷǷǰ׳գȻоġ
һʼҩĻòͶˡھ֡ڰ̴Ѱǳ򡮹ȥе߽ҾԸַƵĸԸ˵أ
˵Ǽ򵥴æ·ʲôҪȥƵġ
򵥶æȴ㹻ʹΪ֮̾档
΢΢һЦŵ
˵λԬҳڰʺ˵仰䣬£
Ԭ˫ĿԲỽһ
ѽѹ֡벻㡭Ǵ
΢Цһ£
Ǵλֵھ֡ʱԬһ棬̴ֽʮǰһͷĹϵԬȻ˼
һǰ̾
ʱ֣һСŮӣ̽ôܣԭͯӣøʮͯӲǡ
Ԭ侲һ˫۾
ӳʱ򣬲㱻ץȥǲڰаҽģ
΢Ц׵
ǴҲʮΣգ㱻Ƿ࣬Һǰ˶Ǵ¿
׷ꡱǷɺ糤̾
Щ˲ֻ̫㡭о֮ţ֮ǡ
ֹˡ
ͻȻһĹԣӿڵ
ЩµΪ棬˿ںڳСܵȷʵдһЩ֮ʣǰǱضҪϵڳȥʱ
شЦǰƱһɶ
Ԭ̾
ЩѲ֪ˣȴ˵Ϊ档磬벻˴ѣ㻹Ҫöࡣ
庬ЦһֱͱҴöࡣ
׵ĳ֮ԣ˵ȴĶϿңҡͷ
˴ˣٴҲҶѣֻΪΪ
Цһɫ


֣Ҫ֪ĵ㣬񽭺дʰоֵģҲؽ㣬㣬ΪвΪһЩŮĥԼ־ҷſ־ʵܵúܣҪ֪˿ǧǧ۾㶼עĿϣǧǧϣҲϣԱǽģ
ͷһһͰˮඥ£ͷپһƬɲǼ㽫еġ˽顢˽Թһ׿аԼ
ѽ壬㵱ѵǰ;ѵ˽˵һЩԹҪöࣿ
һˣͷǻ֣̿Ǹм̲סͷһҾȴ֪˵Щʲô
˫ľһۣ亮ѣ
ľ̾Ǻѡ
׷ꡱǷɺ糤̾
˭ǽѣ˵˵úܡ

ʱܲĲ񷣬ͻȻһƬ⣬ֱںڳĳϡ
ϵȺ˿̼ѷ˾ƼҲջеĵ̾ЪҵڳеԼᣬϲɥ£Ǯס˿Ҳȫͣ١
ϲ塰ھ֡ӵڳͣڽߣڳԵڻǣɫȴѶЩɥ
еǶԡΰơ˲⵱ʹ˴ΪȣռƵġھ֡˶ӣ
ţŹ˼ɵˣ˿̾ĺڳǣ˿̾һеĿˮһ
һȺĴţֱ˿̣δǾۼſڵˣԽԽ࣬һȺſῪĹһ
Ȼһ
ǧٵĿһתȥֻʮ´󺺣Ӷͷˣͭ࣬ʮˣֳѩٺʮˣֳֳ󱳳ӵһТ汯ݵ꣬˳֡
˾潻ֻЩ´󺺽ӵµһŷȻֵΧĲ࣬Χڸֵ֮⡣
ͭٴТŭ˵Լҵ
ȻʮǰɥǼҰʦĺʹ˵Լı
ʹı̱㲩ȡǧ˵ͬŭ
˵ТȻ򵽵ϣ˻ߵش󺰵
С¿࣬ԩֱǶıֱ޸֮СӵѪ̸ֻλϡֵΪС壬Ϊֹ
̴󻩣Ҳ֪˭Ⱥдȵ
̴ʼļ
һȣ֮ԭ֮ơ
ɲǼ־ѱŭû
ڳǵ˷֮Ҳͬ꣬ͬĹ£ͬŭȡ
Ҫ֪ȺѪ嶯֮ճƵĵȺ򣬴˿ѹƲסﾭ
ֻΪ˿ֶǣ˿ѷԹ۵ŭĴ
ھ֡µһЩڻҲһԹ
һЩȻ̴ĹһȺŭȺﻹҳֻ֣ϣڵĴſЩ
ͻȻʮ˷ӵߣ忪һɥڻڳ½ͨǻƵĽˮ


һ˵ľٶ̱ǧ˵Чǧһӵϣʮڳһ˽ɽĽˮʪڽɿǵĽˮǵûнǵŭ𣬷ڻּЩͣʹǵķŭȼյøӾҡ
ַӵŻصڵĴǰһŭ
̴һ
ǧŭ֮
һʯ飬أǺĴϡ
ǣʯ顢ˮ豭յǱһͶǺĴϣΧǽ⡣
Ⱥڵ֪ж˾Ⱥڵɾ˰֮ҵ
Ǵˣȴ򲻻ȺڵѪ


һмƻȻ㶼Ǵġͯӡŵģбʦһ͵人跨롰֡սȡе磬áͬˡȺйһ޷Ϩŭ
ķ㶼ܵİƻ֮Уеİƻ㶼˿ǰĳɹ
Խ˳ǵġͯӡһ·ϸİƻȻ΢΢ЦȺڵ
׷ꡱǷɺ糤̾һڵһȺڵ
һԲ溮ãԻ̫ô
Ԭһ̾Ҳ̫Щ
ͯӡ̾һ


ǵѣ˴ȨȻʧ֮ʺ񣬵̴ķȴǡҲûСһ̴ۣʤķâضʢҲһѪƶԣҲǱ֮£һԼ֮ȨˣҴ˿ҲԼ֮ȨǹѼ£֣Ӣ۴ми֮ʣС˴ı
ĬȻã̾ӢۣӢۡ

ӢۣӢۡ
ڿĺľϣΰơ̴Ҳ
ӢۣӢۣ˭ӢۣӢʲô
һӢۣ۾ֵһ˿ĵ׵įһ֦ܹġ
ƽѤãѤöʢ˿̣·Ѹо
̴ͻȻȥ˵ʹ̼̩ɽҪأֻĽʧң
ֵˣɫ࣬룬ŭʹѿԺеʯ顢յʹֵͣ崫ң˿ȴ̷ֲһߡ
˭Ҳ²ǵȥˣΪʲôͻȻߣΪʲô̴һʧ٣
ĶУơԣ񵶡Լܡȣ˽š
ıʲô
֡սɵԱ˵֪ġ˿бڡԺ人ˡСС
Ͻ𹳹ʣԧ֡սб£ԧϣŪʱߵĽ𹳡
𹳶ĬġСԲﲨǰĺ͡


δĿˣһű糾ȾñɫķУдǳдϵĺͣһֲɿ֮ܵǴҹҹֱ˿̣ȴֻǴţü˼ţżűȥһ̵żӨϺһҾơ
̲סĳ̾һιʲô
֡սӦһеȷ¡
ĿǰͬˡȷȲʤ㣬ʤԣȴǺġ
ȻƻġܡѳһâɵġӢۡӢۡκ޷ƵģƻеȨ٣˵ǺϣԼС
ϸطƣǸۡεжϣôϸǣȷжԼһʤܵõջǰƻʵ̫ࡣ
СȻþ糾ȴµǰ֮۵£
̧㣬ڡ֡սϵһ£ι㡪
֡սŨüһ˫Ŀٿ߳Ҫʲô
СһݣֻĿǵһʹԼұӣ糾еľȴʹ볣˲ͬķӦ
̡һ˵֡սɵϣŽ
Ϊʲôôףǿ÷ţƣϲѽ
Ľʹá֡սȥ˵ͻȻһ󼤵


˫üſĿҲͣһ糾ΪҵܶƭӵۣȻУȻеζʧįȥģһֶôջ
Соϵı仯벨а֣Ϊµĳף
㡭ʲô£˵ô
֡սɳ̾һ㲻ᶮġ
Сĵﲨֵ
ôҳһֻӣô
ȵվ㣬̤ĵձӨ׵֣ȡǽǵá
Ūңԡ
Ȼᳪĸôᡣ
ĸУ֡սͻȻζ߾İο
עǰŮӣȻһδеĵᡣ᲻ĥĵô
˿̱ȥΪԼȨ
һѣŭ뱩֮ˡ



   Ǵ ʮء佭 

ϸˡ
ڴȺǷƵģǣΰơ̴ڣǾû˸ҳʯһ
ھ֡ڻе͵͵ˡھ֡ѣڷŭȺУе͵͵ߣ
бϾѴҲϾبδϵĻѩڻһƬƬڵŢ
ǧ˫㣬Ţϼ̤š

б⣬ӳúĴɢںڵĹ
ͻأŻȻ
۾֣߳߸һΰơ̴һ룬溮ȴش󲽶
Ŀһɨϵ̾ࡣ
һ֮۹Ȼǣ˵ĿУĿɨʱŵĳ֣Ѿ
ɼҶⳤϴ˿̱һżԱ𴦿񱼶ǣ˿ȴҲԾط˽Ų
ΰơ̴Ŀ⻺ɨһȺȺüδ˿٣ƣ˵Ҫʲô


Ȼ򶨶ݣȴཹǡǻͲ˿˵仰ȴ㣬ܣ編Ӿ޹ͬʱ𵴣紺ͻȻбƺҲͳصøȥЩ
ǰˣ鲻Խغһ˿̶ֵԻⷬ̾һ
֮棬벻ΰơһ·ˣ˿ȴ˵
ΰơŨüһֵ
£վʲôϿȥ
ǰˣ鲻Խȴ粽δƣȺмһɧҡ
ɧҷ˴
ѪծѪ̴ģʮǰµѪծѪϴ壬ȥգ
󣬴𣬡ΰơ˫ĿһţŨüɣ߳һ
ס֣
һ֮߳ջ£ͬʱǧ˶ǧٸҵһ뱻һ߳ס
ΰơ̴˫ȭգʲô˵ֻܵǰ˵
Ⱥң㣬˸ǰ߶һ
һľţ̴
ʮǰһͷλδǣ̴ĳҲδǣʱʱ̶̿̽е࣬Ũλ̴֪ѾãһЩС˵Ѫˣ̴ָΪ֣
˫һӣȵ̴ô
ȥֻ׿ɽǣеѲаԼ
ô
ԶģҲѲʼ˽飬ȺͻмƶȻ˷ͬʱһŭ
ʵڣ㻹ô
úºú̴ѽ벻㾹ôһų򣡡
ΰơ̴뷢ȵ
ʲôʵʲô֤ݣ˭ָһôܾٳһ̴̺ᵶ¸֮ǰͱ˶֣ǽƾ˵Ѫˣܽķ
΢٣̽ӿڵ
ƾʵ֮ˣ̴ֻܳһë
δˣȻǰ


Ҷԡ鱤ʮеλ˿̡ΰơ̴˵̴նóƾʵ֮һëҡ鱤Ҫóƾʵݣֻƾ죬Ѫˣҡ鱤ҲҪ̴λҪ
ʯϳ
̴мֱһֻۣ΢΢һ٣̽ӿֵλѣ˭š鱤Ļô
յĻ񡰷鱤ҡ֮λͬСɣ˿ⶫٱ˵ֽ̱Ⱥһס
·иȺе˾䣺׼ң㵱Ȼ˵
δˣȴѱɨס
һΣһľš
֮УͻһĿЦԳֵľͷ



   Ǵ ʮ߻ء 

һб仯ҡŭȣԼһб仯еƽţ㶼ڶ
һ¥ϵĴǰԵؿһ¹ʣ಻֪Ƿŭֻ뱯
ͯӡȴĿϵı飬ʱ΢Цһ£ȻԼµЧΪ⡣
һֻһЦĿ
ʱ˿̣ʲôЦô
ͯӡ΢Цѣͻֳ̾
ЦЩ־꣬ƾŸʦŵвһȴ˿֪еļթΰơۼ룬;ĺⶫΪ˵
̾һסڲƺԶ磬ϧ
ĬȻΣ̲ס̾
ΩˣҲžöֵܱϾʧΪ֮Ѫжǣ
ͯӡĿһâƺ˵ʲô˿̡֡սȴͻȻڳϳ֣Ц
һ˶ɽʯͻȻͶڱѲصĺˮͨһ˻Ľ
˵Ⱥ˿̸ڵ˶㣬ֵɫ΢䣬ΰơɫȻš֡սһһ߽Լ
ÿһڵֹһЩֱߵΰơ̴ǰڵּž
΢һȭսׯʲôʵ֤ô
֡սһЦĿɨΰơ̴
Ҫ֤ݣ
ΰơȻһЦŨüʶͻ߳һ֤
֡սһӣֻ󺺣Юһĺӣ˴˳֡սɴȵȥϵô˭
ȥηˡΰơһۣ
λǡΰơ̴ү
֡սɳ
վ֮£Ӣ˵
ȥȫҵزһ£ССˡ
ҡ
ֻΰơ̴Լ
֡սɫһת򶫷ٱԸ˵İȫ

ΪаˣΩҶʣ
֡սɻ׵˶ٱ㻹ô
ȥڹһһֵؽһ˵һ飬䲻󣬵֮ȴž
ΰơ̴ʼˮһԲûκܴϿһ˿ĵ׵˼
ֵݻҰס
С¥ϵ壬ݸҰ׼֡
ٹƬ̣ɲ¥ȥΪ׸ˡ
崹ĬȻãԻֻԸҡ
ͯӡĿһƬâԬȴ̾
ҲԸôΧŹһˣʹʹҲĳˡ
عһֻۣԼֻССŮϣѰһϵ˽ͬ顣
ֻ֡սɴһλѣǿĻˣ
˴һŭȣսת׵
̴㻹ʲô˵ʮǰǴѩ֮ҹǵ˱ǣ
ΰơ
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δˣΰơ̴ЦԳЦ̽֡սɵЦѹ
֡սŭȵЦЩʲôߺߣֱ˿̻Цó
ΰơ̴ЦȻ٣
ƾһ˵ƾʵݣϷ治֪Ǽֻ޴
΢٣Ŀɨ
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ŭƽϢ
Ŀһתü
ƾĶۣȷ㲻ƾʵݣսׯ
֡սɽؿЦ
ø㲻ƾʵݣ˵¸꣬ˡǹ޵Сһˣ̴֤ıɱ˵ˣ
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˰Σͻضһ΢ķУĿֻΰơȻҲվڵأƺκնķˣԽ˻
ãԳ
ˣֵǾ֮ˣҲò˵乫֮ԣƾʵ֤λ˼ĪҪԩˣ
֡սЦһ˵ͻһȣƾʵݣ
붼һǧٵĿ֮ȥֻơԣ񵶡Լ壬ˣ󲽶
˾ǡΰơĸ˿̾Ȼ˵ֻ˾죬֡ս⡣
ΰơɫ䣬ԣʲô
ơȴҲһۣԹߵ֡ս࣬˫һ
λѣȻ̴ʮ꣬ȴһģµգҲò˵乫ˡ
ΰơŨü뷢չ
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вʧ̴вǸм
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ʢŭ֮£һŭһūţ
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̴ģȻ֣һô
ΰơ̴˰ΣŭЦ૵ҡϡ
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ʼδһԵġ굶壬ȴڴ˿˵⾪֮в档
ֵĿɨֻΰơɫһ䡣
ֻ̨˵ϴ
굶


⡮ܡǻһλ̣ί֣ϻ굶֮Ϊ˴𽭱־޵ɷȻ׷϶ȴСɥšӢ͡ɡ֣ױƵ޴Žܡתǹ޵Сͣ
̾һ
˼֪䣬׷ףΪ˴ԴҸϵʵԡ
һƬ֮Уֻתΰơ̴ҵҪһϣ
δˣһ̴ȥΰơŨüһһƣš
굶ֻǰһɾϮһͦٴϡ
ΰơ̴߳㵱治Ҫˣ
굶ж꣬˿ڼŭ֮£ֽűض˼⣬һٴΡ
һƬڣĵŽŲת
̴ľȻҶ֣λѣ˭һ
˴һʮʯϳҲ֪жŭţ
ϣ


ֵȻѶ̴Ϊɣͷȴһֻ֮ϦУΰơ̴Ȼôֱͦ룬ĺ;ִü֮䣬ȴ¶һֱ֮⡣
ҲԸЩ˵ƴԼ˿ʵѱ֮ģֻҪЩ˳̨һҪԱ˵ѪԼеķŭԱ˵ʬԼķĹ



   Ǵ ʮ˻ءĺ; 

С¥ϵ壬˿Ѫڣͯӡ
֣˿ʱˡ


δˣͻ˴зһӰӥɹʮŭȺڡΰơǰһ磬ָ粧һšס˵ȳ֮˵ı۰ֱһһȣֱ˳ȥ顱ڵڶϡ
һʮ̽˳Ҳײ֮
ΰơŨüһ㣬ϲ㡭㾹ˣ
룬ĺ;֮УϾһˣһּʹ˼ͷ಻֪ϲǸмֻǱ
Ŀӥжȴý籪꣬ɫһƬּ죬סһġءѨб˴˵ϥǣٴδһ˱ֱ
һң鲻Խͣ½Ų
ýꡰ籪ȵ˭ٶһ
Ϧ֮⣬ӳɱݣɢҰһâ۾һֻɽеޡ
̾һһӣ
굶üҪʲô


籪һͻطһȣ굶ͷһб֪籪һδµڶѸ߳糵һգ굶Һһߵķݣɳһɣ˵䵽ϣ
֡սɫ΢䣬ùս̣
籪䡰ߡһ˫һѱסսɱֱȥ
֡սβãУӹˣڱббӳǡɽס籪һơ
ӣ籪ֻһȣ˵ϡ
֡սȴֻһɺˮĴһʹҪȥ
һһᣬ֡սȻᣬ֮УȴһҰްԭʼ֮ͦվ
ΰơüˣ
籪޷
δˣƣֻսɵ衣
֡սɳһƮһУűһ֮£㽫֮أ֪꾹˵Ǳ


֮У֡սĿɨֻΪ֣Ҫ֪ԡ֡սɵݵλ롰ΰơһƴпɣ궯֣ʹʤˣҲ٣ο˿֮̽£ûʲôʤİգ


֪Ŀɨ֮£˾Թۣǹɳ嶯Ⱥ˿̶Ѿ
ȻԼеĵλ˹¶ûһѣеľūţԼǵ;ĺ֮ʱЩūŶԴԼǺ͡ơԵ˶Դ̴һ
һСֻһСɨǧһһᣬһ׾һɣʽǴͬͬʱõùȻ棬ĵȴһį֮С
籪Ŀ侫⣬һԲת˲롰֡սƴʮС


ʽʮ־ʮ񣬵ȴһֱûе⺷ֻҪһ˼Ҷ֣ô塢ǡꡢëȴǽΪνֶûһ˿һر
ԭʼֲ书Ĳ㣬һʹĵˣ޷һη֮У
ȺԽԽ棬ơԡ񵶡󡢱ܾ㶼ԶԶߵһԣΩҵԼͷϡ
ǡȥѱ֫ʯԣվվˡ
ɫ罥֡սɵĿԽԽ籪ĿȴԽԽǼ
ֻһƻȫ֮ȫ־Ҳ֮ʱȻҪͬھʽʱҲ˿ûпǣ·ֻҪִܽԼȻȥҲûйϵ
֡սŨüͻشһȫȫ޻ʽǸһۣȴԼµĳ׾ҧ֮߳ȥ


籪һãȺĿ⶯֪⡰ս֡˿ҲѶƴ֮⣬Щ˽Ϊ侲ŪһЩѵ߸𣬴˿Ϧδȫ䣬ЩѿҲǻ谵һ硰ΰơ̴ɫһ


ʮҲֻƬ̼£ǰȺϢۣȺȴһɧ
ɧӵ쳣֮죬֪˭شˡ
֮
ˡ
ΰơֵܣơԵˣݾ㶼һ䣬Ŀʲôħ㣬һ֮ȥ
ֻȺڶңȴ߷ֿóһͨ
֡ս籪ң˿Ҳûȥһۡ
Ⱥˮֿһͨ·ֱͨΰơ̴Լֵܡʯס

Ϧһ⽥
Ż⣬ѣҫŽƶ΢Ĳɫ
Žƶ΢Ĳɫ˿̣յϡ
ǧٵĿ⣬Ųƶš
Ųض
ǧٵĿضĽŲʵţȴûһ˸ұĿ⡣
ԼĿ⣬ȴǰĵ·ϣ·̣ϵʯףĿһ̧ȻΰơŵĳףԼŵš
ȻӴΰơĿ⡣
ĿԡһɲǣһеĴ£ҲеĴ£еңһɲǼ䣬ĪԵسڶŵġ֡սɼ籪һɲǼ䣬ҲĪԵֹͣˣ
һɲǣֵʷУԶʱ䶼Ҫģǧɰ˷Լҵ뿪Լļͥյ׷ѰڴҲֻΪһɲǵĵ
ľҲ֪˶áҲʱ֮䡣
ͻأ±һĺںŷŭ˷ܡĺ֮ңе־䣬еУ־䣬Ҳó
ġͯӡĿйһм
̴֪˿ǰ˭ô
ΰơĿⲻ˲Ҳһֻۣܳ
ããˣˡ
尵һҧأҧŵݣʹϵļһһһֵػ˵ˣ
̴ŨüһͻشȵʲôҪѰҸô
Ŀᶨ
ֻһ䣬ҵ£
ΰơ˫ȭգ׵ĳףסƮ
Ŀᶨ
һƽϢĽֵǧͷֻһ䣬ǧٵĿ⣬壻šΰơ
ţţš
ΰơͻֹͣǰһͦ³֣Ķǵ֣
ȫһֻ·һǧ޴߸߾𣬡顱أϡ
ʮˣһŭ
ֵɫһ䣬
籪һӵ̴࣬ͯӡ˫Ŀһ֡սŨü
ͻתƻһһӣλ뾲һЩ
ϵɫʯᶨĿƺһѹĺ
֡սɰ̾һȻһξԼûϣ
ֻתĿ̴һĿ֮䣬ȷؿ̴ü䣬һʮʹࡣ
һߣ
ΰơ̴һ㶵ȥ
֮𣬲죬ҪѰƧ֮һʤҵĳޣһʹ
ΰơ˫Ŀһţͯӡݴ䣬Ⱥȴסˣֵȴֲ̾ʮúӣ
ΰơͻЦͯӡߣ͵͵
֣ưѳɣֻҪһ£̴ο࡭
̴Цͻһ٣ؿڵ
ҵƴ书ҵĵ֣
Ȼˮ
߳˵أһڰи棬ǶĪ裬Ϊ岻ΪԼĸ׸𡣡
ͯӡ޺޵һţȺĿ⣬ȴãȻ壬Ҫ֪ѪжоľֻηӢۣȻЩУӢδ̫޴


ʵıֺγˣ˴ʱ˵أбһѪӿӢ۵Ѫʹȥ£Ӣ۵Ѫ֪ɾ˶˿ڣǧŵ۷Ҽ׳ʿǻڸ߸裬ʹ˵ᡣ
ΰơĬȻΣеɫȻҲǼʹìܣͯӡͻشһ
ǲߣҪȽɱ
Ⱥ̱Ķɫһѽ
˲ݷɲ֮䣬ͻشһХ
Хʯϳ
Ⱥֻͷһݣе̲סס䡣
ţݼϾһ磬ϨеĻѵ

Ϧ䣬δȻһ谵ֻХԶɽԶۼȥɡ
ȵȺĿܹʱⳤХֻʣ˿˿Ƶͣҹ̨ϵġΰơȴѲӰ
̣һĴҡ
еæȥѣеõغ
׷׷ˣˣ
ͯӡĿɿڴݷ࣬Ų񷡣
ֵ澪֮ɫǾеһ书һڣǵҲһХǵĿҲûп⾿ô£
ֻһӰһ磬һѳΰơ̴κֽͣݷɶȥ
ڼֻиǾɣȥѿɴԼµԾṦ̴ʲôˡ
ʹ޴Ӳ²ģλˣΪʲôҪ̴
ԶĺڰֱеĵѾ
̨ס̣е˻
˫һ


λѡ̴ȥλرλΪ˼塭ΪȺ񡭡ȴмһ¡򲻿˳嶯˽Ǳȹߡ򲻸Լı˽ΪߡպǷΣ֮¡λһͬڡΪ塭ֹ
ֱ޷Ϊÿ˵һ䣬һĻ
ȵ˵꣬Ļŭ㽫ضûͬˡˣ˷񣬴󺰵ꡭӵǵطϡ



   Ǵ ʮŻء 

ŭĻС
Ԭӯᣬȴ˸ŵĹʡ
˫ľЦӣ亮վˣ
ľϲ̾ϢһҲûؼˡ
亮Լأ
ľ΢΢һЦʲôԼʤʤʲôϵô
һЦ˴ƮȻȥ
֡սĿмֳ棬Ȼʧͷи˼į֮С
˰Σŵȥˡ
ȥˣ


߳߸һʱִҲ⻶УįˣֻϾһ˿İοΪ֪ڲԶһطһ΢Цڵϵķ糾봴ۣҲҪһ˫Өֵϴ밲ο
ҲӢ۵ĩ·ֺγʼأˣֺγһŮ˵ģ
ֺͳɹԷֻ֣ҪһǶȥжϣŲأįϣȴϾһ˿΢Ц
׷ꡱǷɺվаۣƺѴ⻶зֵһݻ١
ݵϣ˿ŴδеĹʡ
вϷĬƱϾǱֵöࡣ
굶壬ǰһƬѪһƧ£һ˳弤ġ
пҲ౯һݸп뱯ܰԺ;ķ
ơԣ񵶡Լ˶һۣ˸ɫ͵͵˴˳
Կ첽ֱ֣߳ӳڳ⣬̲ס˿ڳ
̴ˣô죿
ơ䡰ߡһܵõô
񵶡ӿЦ
ɱǹ޵СŹ·һ
һƬҰơЦ
ֻҪ̴һھ֡˱ۡӪҵȫ˿Ҫüˡ
񵶡ӿЦ
οⷬ롮ͬˡ˽飬ġھ֡һƬ̹;ˡ
ơɫһ
֣ھ֡ͷλӣҪڹֵˡ
񵶡ϷԷһ˿ЦݣһƳԵɫЦЦ
˵ﻰͷһλȻֵˣ
ơͻЦһһתͷȥűܡ
ܻŪĽ
ͷھ֡С֮ô
ơԸЦ֣˵ﻰֻ书˵ھ֡ͷһλȴǱֵġ
ܹһЦ˵
Цͻ񵶡һҺܡԴ֮£ȥ
ֻϼһŤ˫һҡΣȻˡ浹ȥ֮ϣȻһСҶɵ
ܡزұ䣬߳˭
ȥڰл߳һӰһ㣬ƮƮƶŽŲһһֵλụ́
ơͷһ֣㡭ˣ
籪һЦ̴үϵˣϵ𣿡
ơͷ󺹣ҡҡ
һתҪߡ
籪һȥ
һ䣬ѵǰ
Ե
֣⡭Ҫʲôٺ٣ֵܺþò㡪
籪ɫһɱ֣
˭ֵܣҪĹ
һֻǺॡһⱩ֣һɫĹâ籪ȥ
籪ֿȭһȴ˿壬һֱǰأһȣֱֽ߱ܳ
Ȼ֪Լ书籪֮У˿Զһη֮ģЦ˵Ҫȴģ
˵Уת裬
֪ơȴɲǼ䣬šתˣ


ܵ˴˿̣ͷ󺧣ֻ籪ЦһƽУһһڱ̵絶żΪ΢ķԻȥҪ֪置˵ľɵõӦ֣ټ书Ϊַ
ơԷԱһɣֻ
书ѽڷɵܿ˿Ļң֮£һڷɵԹᱳ룬ֱûơԲҺһǡɵڡ񵶡ԡ
ĿɨľţѼңͻһӰ֮£߳һֻ׹һӿȴѱ籪һƣ类ǧʯһ
ɲǼֻǧŽǣͬʱǰֳһһѪڵϣ籪һţϪҪѨ֮ϣߵ÷һɣأǡڡơԵԣ

ಣҹɫҵ
籪Ѫ죬ȾһϺ죬ŷһƣԼȴҲܳС


⺷Ұ꣬ȴƺ⣬δԼ˴һֻ΢һüʰ˱ܵĳչˢأһƬƤ˵ѪµƤд߸ĿĵĴ֣
ٵ³
ؿ˼ּۣȻ׾ӣ־ȴֱҳϣԼ˵ľ衣
Ȼ˳ת˺ڰವ磬ɲǼ˵ϵѪ
ҰȻǻġ
ڳеȺȴš
ÿеľƵ꣬ȸеľơ
ʹƣƽ
һοǰķҡΪǾҪˣе֣ѳΪȥ˫ľ֪٣ھ֡һͿأԼûˣȥˡ
Ȼΰơδȥδȴ֪һȺֺʿڽɵĿǰĻϣ˿Ʊؽ壬евЩʧеЩįЩȴаң
ֻһ£ǹͬϵģǾǡ
ڳһŹ徵ǣ
ǲʱٱΪףأȻĥΣ꣬˿ճɲ࣡
Ȼ˿̣ȴǼįģڽǹ¶ׯԺУĺ԰¶ؽԼһ䷿
֪֪жֺͬȴֻ¼ţҪԶȺֻǴʱ˿̣¼Ϊҵ˼ΪǰȥΪȴ顣


ҲԬĽŲǰ̽Լڷ˵֪ЩǹѣǸܽʢ飬ǸñطԬ䳩̸ֻ˵ôۣǶЩ˯ˡ


˫ľĲʹڷʹ֮⣬һ꣬Щ죬ֻ֪ˣһŨŨСԽԺȴԶ޷֪ǵȥΪǵԶôƮȡҲǸ翵ĵط
бڴϣû˿˯⣬ѽ⣬Թìܣǰ;Ѳ⣬ԼһֳɹãȻʹĺͷԣڱɽжʮر䣬ʶѡ
ңԶиĴûϸҲ֪
ҹˣżţ塣

żţҹȻһ
ңԶƲԶƮ죬ʵ·ڤĺַ·ǻ˵
ͷһ鲻Խسƿӣͥ԰Ǳˮϴһǰ
ûӰڲϴ

һӿͷ̲ס˸

Ʈɽʯͤ԰ľ䣬˶ӳ⣬ӿɣĴδغãоȻûӰӣµδϨѳȥþˡ
Ͼ˼ȥΪǺߣƺĵףͷһʣӶ䣬ӳͥ԰ֻͥ԰ҹɫѡ
źķһطţֵǣӵöôѸ죬ӹ˶·;Ȼͬľ룬ôңԶƮ죬ãԶƽ
Ŀȥǰ·һƬССĺףԵĺˮҹɫзһɫ
΢һɣȴ

ƽʵǰʮɣֻĺˮߣһӰƵĵƹ⣬ӳԵˮ
Ȼĺ㲻ţ˰Σа⣺
ѵѵĺѰҵĵط
ԾṦǰƶʮɣֻһӰҷ˵¥ſһ𣬴˿ѱˮ˼ңһֻèŴ
˭סʲôܣ
ڴһεĺղţ˫һ죬һҴϣҶƮ£˿û졣
һ紵·˷һ㣬ӵеƵĴգ¥ѾɣԶ϶ĴĿһ
һϤ԰׵ݳǰ
ѿڻ
ƽ
˿̣ĵƹ£ϥһľϣḧŪһֻҰɫè磬㲣԰׶Ůӣһ֪꣬ȥ򣬵ƽô
Զǰ㲣ĿҲʧȥһݶ˵ĹʣһɲǼ䣬УǰһС
ûһϲʹѽӳĵڶӣȴʹһס
һֻƮҡƮҡԣݶĺȻǡΰơ̴ɫıöңţⲻĳˣֱ˿̣ɫ侹˴ݶ򶨡


һŲоɵӣ̴ŵģǡϵϻ굶糾ɫӲ԰ף鴹£Լұѱȥֱͦ˿Ҳͣʱһɿȣ֮⡣


ǰڷȴڽҪϨˡ
˶˭Ҳû˵ϵʹͷϸеһ
ã֮ϣȻһֻܡ
ͷһֻϵţ̾ŵ
˶ǻˮ಻飬ΪһֻܡŪ佭һзϣƽ
һȼʵڲ˵ȥϵƽͷﲨһƬӨȻ̲ס顣
֪Լഺһȥ׷Ѱ֮˺Ҳڳȹ
ΰơɫһȻ̾
컯Ūˣÿˣ֣㡭㡭
ƺ˵䰲οĻ˵
ϵǿһ
˼룬ֵزҲӦã̴ֻ֣㡭Ϊʲôʵ˵
ͷһ̴ֻһϣĬȻԼǸд࣬дʲô
ϵ̾Žӿֵ


ʧȥ⡮ܡ󣬱һΪǱɷȥûȥ׷ʵֻ࣡ɷֵ˶ҡȻΪֺ࣬γңҴǣҡⲻӦô
ΰơ̴ſãȻ⣬
ֻ֣©ƶ֮Ѳ⣬ɷˣûбɱȴȻܣϸһ룬ֺγǲ֣֮ǳȥأ
ʹ˫üһ˲̾
ҲܵӦõıӦ֮ھȪҲᰲЩ̴ֻ֣㡭Ϊʲô
̴ؿ̾
ܵԩ裬ʵҲӦãұ뽫⡮ܡԭ󣬾ԶԶһߣеϣһеܣԶأǻ£ʵĿ
һѽ£бضһۡ桢ľбض֪ŶѪᣡ



   Ǵ ʮءǲ 

ϵһ¾ɵľƺ«ֻУƣΰơһĿһ˲ֱȻãȻעƮҡĻѻصңԶȥ
ֲ֪˶ãŻڵ
ʮˡʮǰʱһǻ׳־иոճضп˺ұ¾ģҪеܡҷһ񣬹̽顭
ֻķʯһȻ
ѵˣѵǴ
̴ֻŵ
ʱҲֻܡ̣صͱض֣Աһֱ׷㣡


ֱӱڣһ֮ҹɽ֮УšɷƺҲҪ֣ҵļƻһֱǣ֪һҹġܡʧԣʦҲ˶֣


ϵ̾һ
µʧǰҹɷҲὫ´ɵϣպҲô¹ʣ
ΰơ̴̾
ǼӡɷҲñ˵ֱ֣ʦĲҺæϻȥʱֻӰߣҰ׷ȥڷ˾ǡǹ޵Сֵܣ
΢٣ҲֹͣȥҪŶ룬Լĵǰ²ɿˡ
̴ֻӵ
ʱ治һֱֵܾʵˣȴҲòţ϶ֵˣضǲ̵֮ͣûнɱֻһ˶ѡ
ϵ̾Ϣһ̴ӵ
ұɱڱ⣬ֵ˻УʱİãΪԼеҲ֪һֲĴĴۣҪʹ೥
˫ȭҧأ̴ֻӵ


Ҳ֪ǡܡԭһʿĴ֮Ǻᣬ㣬͵ȥΪӲȡֵ·ƽҪ֮ԭȴ֪컯Ūˣһڴˣֵܺ޶գҲ޿صĴ
ͷһѪӿ಻֪ϲǱǽԹޣǸпʹࣿǸѰ̴ֻǸߣ
̴ѽ̾
Ǻʿ޶˵ĺž޸ҲңĶȴ˽
ϵ˫Ŀһţڵ
˺ôˣ׷ףʵǻףۣҲӦЩӦǣһǵǺջ
ΰơ
ջ佭ԳϢΪˣǽͷ֮ݣ˳ơѶ񣬵ڡ֡սɵׯ֮⣬ȴԲ֪˭У
ͷһ鲻Խ̧ͷֻĲԿУ·ֻ۾ĬĬز鿴˼һ˿Ҳ
뷣ȻҲúܳ٣ȴԶҪϣһӺ󣬻յܵĹʵ뻨䡣
һɾηʹȫƣڤڤеϵľ
̴ֽ̾
ƽ˴ɱˡֵܡ⣬һ£Ҳܣ
ҷؾ֮ʵĻ䣬ʱһŷƽ֮ȴͻȻǣһֱԴΪ𾴣Ա㽫ھ֮С
һϣڵ¶ãתƵʱ򣬾ǽǵһͭҴұһЩɫĩ
Ҿ֮£ȴװ£ֻǽǱ͵͵ˣҺװʤδطС
㶨ŷƽ֮ҹжʱһ治¸صͷһħ
ңҹȻڴỽңҳȥʱ־֣뺦ңΪҪۣΪһ龿ûоˣ˳ȥһӳ⡣
һҹǺ䣬һƬѩ̲סҪʲôͻЦҿ֪˭ͷһѿЦŵ˾ŷƽ֮
һ֮£Ǵ󾪣ȴЦԽҹԺص˱㽫Զ֪Ϊʲô
ҼȾ棬ѿЦŽӿڵֻھֶѽɢҽɱ֮󣬱޿ɱ֮ˣ
Цֻδذɣʵȴңûзһƣಣʵ亹


ŷƽ֮ȻЦѷҴʴǵĶҩ˿ĹѼ߳ɣֻҪ֮ͣ㽫УʱҾ͵ڴ˴ȵһ߹˼֮ˣҾͽɱĿ٣ٽĺ£ϣȵ˼ˣضΪΰơͬھʱұ֣Ҳ⵱ȫ֮£˵𣿡


Цг֮飬ֻŭӿδˣһƻ㲻ĵһʽ䣬ƴȫ֮ڣ㽫£ǰϻžı飬ΪʲôĶҩҺЧ
ΰơ鼤ϲ˵ͻֿ̾һ
ʱﲻֵ⣬֮֮ĵһʱиİһ֮֮УΪŷƽ֮ĺ£ҹس
벻һ֮ʹޣҽռʹ˵ʱ˭ţ
һ٣˱㶼һĪУΪ֮Ŀڴ˵


䣬ֻͻػһݴľ׳յĺӣͷңڣһ«ƣϣߣΰơɫһ䣬˭ҷ˵Ļ


ϵҡͷ
ֳִգʱղһ㱻޷
ͻ̾һ
ҸŮԴӱǧ˲УֱͯŮλǰ˼֮󣬱ˣչʳ򡭡ֻҸŮѶˣ
̾һУ«Ϊ̴һ롣
ΰơ̴ҹأƵɣһ̾
⡮ͯŮλǰˣκ£·ǡ
ϵͻؽؿڵ
ֹ˲˼飬˴˿̣ƶѿ˽ᣬֻСֻǡǹ޵Сֵˣȴֵ̫Щ
ΰơ̴Ȼ̾
ֵˣҲƱֵܵĺ壬ѳ˽еһλǣʱֻƹ֮ûд书벻ջѧһ˾ա
ϵĿһ˵ΰơһ˫һ𣬽ľƬƬ顣
Ҳɲ֮䣬ͻ׹⣬㶼̴ϡ
ΰơ̴ٴδһ
ϵ˭⡭
δˣһӰѾֵһӰȻǡͯӡ
ֻɱڴЦһѽ̴׵𣬡ΰơ̴˿ѪŤ˿ֻиڵһյͭڷŻ⣬Ĺߣӳø
ƽѾ˫ѷϣ粽Уϵĵس嵽ǰſ˫֣
ͯӡ̴һҡΣЦŵ
̴ģ֪˭𣿡
̴ؽҧԩ޳㡭
ͯӡЦԩ޳𣿡
Цէ٣һƬɭһһֵػ
ôϣҲĿ˿ǿҲһʱҲ㣬ϣȴǱɱŷƽ֮ĺˣ
˻һͷ㶼һ𣬡ΰơɫˣ⡰ԷЦ벻ôŷƽ֮кˣ
쳤˻ŵ


ѽһѶʹԶʼûнĸӽӻؼĸȻԾǧ࣬˳ˣѽ죬ŷȻ̴ͻȻ񣻷һƶ֮У
壬˿ֻͷ䣺
ѹ֡˿Ĺز¸壬ѹʱʱ̿뽫̴·ѹκֶΣѹԶϽԼ߱ˣ
еһԣ˿̻Ȼ˴𰸡
尵̾һֱ˴գ֪˿̴ͻһЦһ˻Ƶϲô
⻺һˣͬ׳֮ˡ
ʬһߵŷԣմϣ˿Ҳ¶һ˿Ц֪һ«ѷרĶҩΪԼжŻᱻ㰵еġ
ŷĿڴ̴㡭˭
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֮Уֻ׳աͻز֮֫һͦҲһغ


ԭּ֮£ϵлûкȵĶƣһں¶ġ׳աΪһˣȥһûеõ˿֣Ҳûдʱѣô˿ѵʱȥҰ׵УһʺĲɫ


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